Abstract:
:Hunger is a hard-wired motivational state essential for survival. Agouti-related peptide (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus (ARC) at the base of the hypothalamus are crucial to the control of hunger. They are activated by caloric deficiency and, when naturally or artificially stimulated, they potently induce intense hunger and subsequent food intake. Consistent with their obligatory role in regulating appetite, genetic ablation or chemogenetic inhibition of AgRP neurons decreases feeding. Excitatory input to AgRP neurons is important in caloric-deficiency-induced activation, and is notable for its remarkable degree of caloric-state-dependent synaptic plasticity. Despite the important role of excitatory input, its source(s) has been unknown. Here, through the use of Cre-recombinase-enabled, cell-specific neuron mapping techniques in mice, we have discovered strong excitatory drive that, unexpectedly, emanates from the hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus, specifically from subsets of neurons expressing thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) and pituitary adenylate cyclase-activating polypeptide (PACAP, also known as ADCYAP1). Chemogenetic stimulation of these afferent neurons in sated mice markedly activates AgRP neurons and induces intense feeding. Conversely, acute inhibition in mice with caloric-deficiency-induced hunger decreases feeding. Discovery of these afferent neurons capable of triggering hunger advances understanding of how this intense motivational state is regulated.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Krashes MJ,Shah BP,Madara JC,Olson DP,Strochlic DE,Garfield AS,Vong L,Pei H,Watabe-Uchida M,Uchida N,Liberles SD,Lowell BBdoi
10.1038/nature12956subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-03-13 00:00:00pages
238-42issue
7491eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature12956journal_volume
507pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract::Derivatives of the yeast GCN4 transcription factor containing acidic regions of 35 to 40 amino acids fused directly to the DNA-binding domain are fully functional in vivo. High resolution deletion analysis and proteolytic mapping suggest that the activation region is a repeated structure composed of small units acting...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/333635a0
更新日期:1988-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Mutations or amplification of the MET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of several tumours, which rely on the constitutive engagement of this pathway for their growth and survival. However, MET is expressed not only by cancer cells but also by tumour-associated stromal cells, although its precise role in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature14407
更新日期:2015-06-18 00:00:00
abstract::The mouse genetic revolution has shown repeatedly that most organs have more functions than expected. This has led to the realization that, in addition to a molecular and cellular approach, there is a need for a whole-organism study of physiology. The skeleton is an example of how a whole-organism approach to physiolo...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1038/nature10763
更新日期:2012-01-18 00:00:00
abstract:: ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1038/d41586-018-07033-5
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Developing an optical amplifier on silicon is essential for the success of silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonic integrated circuits. Recently, optical gain with a 1-nm bandwidth was demonstrated using the Raman effect, which led to the demonstration of a Raman oscillator, lossless optical modulation and optically tunab...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature04932
更新日期:2006-06-22 00:00:00
abstract::Metabolic phenotypes are the products of interactions among a variety of factors-dietary, other lifestyle/environmental, gut microbial and genetic. We use a large-scale exploratory analytical approach to investigate metabolic phenotype variation across and within four human populations, based on 1H NMR spectroscopy. M...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06882
更新日期:2008-05-15 00:00:00
abstract::The role of magnetic domains (and the walls between domains) in determining the electrical properties of ferromagnetic materials has been investigated in great detail for many years, not least because control over domains offers a means of manipulating electron spin to control charge transport in 'spintronic' devices....
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06826
更新日期:2008-04-17 00:00:00
abstract::Many animals rely on an internal heading representation when navigating in varied environments1-10. How this representation is linked to the sensory cues that define different surroundings is unclear. In the fly brain, heading is represented by 'compass' neurons that innervate a ring-shaped structure known as the elli...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1767-1
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::When electrons are subject to a large external magnetic field, the conventional charge quantum Hall effect dictates that an electronic excitation gap is generated in the sample bulk, but metallic conduction is permitted at the boundary. Recent theoretical models suggest that certain bulk insulators with large spin-orb...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06843
更新日期:2008-04-24 00:00:00
abstract::The European Commission has made good progress in gathering support for its new programme of basic and applied research. Now Europe's industries and heads of state need to fulfill promises made two years ago. ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/415457a
更新日期:2002-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Haematopoiesis is a developmental cascade that generates all blood cell lineages in health and disease. This process relies on quiescent haematopoietic stem cells capable of differentiating, self renewing and expanding upon physiological demand. However, the mechanisms that regulate haematopoietic stem cell homeostasi...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13498
更新日期:2014-10-02 00:00:00
abstract::Numerous post-translational modifications of histones have been described in organisms ranging from yeast to humans. Growing evidence for dynamic regulation of these modifications, position- and modification-specific protein interactions, and biochemical crosstalk between modifications has strengthened the 'histone co...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature06906
更新日期:2008-06-05 00:00:00
abstract::The homeobox is a 183-base-pair DNA sequence originally found in Drosophila segmentation and homeotic genes. In Drosophila, homeotic genes are clustered in the Antennapedia and Bithorax complexes, collectively called the homeotic gene complex (HOM-C). In the mouse genome, about 40 homeobox genes (Hox) are clustered in...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/365069a0
更新日期:1993-09-02 00:00:00
abstract::Quantum computation, a paradigm of computing that is completely different from classical methods, benefits from theoretically proved speed-ups for certain problems and can be used to study the properties of quantum systems1. Yet, because of the inherently fragile nature of the physical computing elements (qubits), ach...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1040-7
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bax (Bcl2-associated X protein) is an apoptosis-inducing protein that participates in cell death during normal development and in various diseases. Bax resides in an inactive state in the cytosol of many cells. In response to death stimuli, Bax protein undergoes conformational changes that expose membrane-targeting do...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature01627
更新日期:2003-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::T-lymphocyte co-recognition of antigen and major histocompatibility complex (MHC)-encoded molecules (such as murine Ia molecules) is thought to be mediated by a single cell-surface receptor, although the molecular mechanism by which this occurs is controversial (reviewed in ref. 1). One possibility is that the antigen...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/320176a0
更新日期:1986-03-13 00:00:00
abstract::The coupling of ATP hydrolysis to electron transfer by the enzyme nitrogenase during biological nitrogen fixation is an important example of a nucleotide-dependent transduction mechanism. The crystal structure has been determined for the complex between the Fe-protein and MoFe-protein components of nitrogenase stabili...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/387370a0
更新日期:1997-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::Neurons in the visual cortex typically respond selectively to the orientation, and velocity and direction of movement, of moving-bar stimuli. These responses are generally thought to provide information about the orientation and position of lines and edges in the visual field. Some cells are also endstopped, that is s...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/329438a0
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Planetary aurorae are formed by energetic charged particles streaming along the planet's magnetic field lines into the upper atmosphere from the surrounding space environment. Earth's main auroral oval is formed through interactions with the solar wind, whereas that at Jupiter is formed through interactions with plasm...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature07077
更新日期:2008-06-19 00:00:00
abstract::The histocompatibility-Y (H-Y) antigen is a minor histocompatibility antigen which has been detected on cell surfaces from the heterogametic sexes of mammalian, bird, amphibian, teleost and invertebrate species. H-Y is thought to be a male-determining substance in mammals because of its almost perfect correlation with...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/290503a0
更新日期:1981-04-09 00:00:00
abstract::Brosnan and de Waal report that capuchin monkeys show evidence of a sense of fairness or 'inequity aversion' because they rejected a less preferred reward when they saw a partner monkey receive a preferred reward for the same task. However, this does not show that monkeys are averse to inequity, only that they reject ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1038/428140a
更新日期:2004-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::The extreme resistance of bacterial endospores to heat may result from dehydration of the central protoplast brought about and maintained by osmotic activity of expanded electronegative peptidoglycan polymer, and positively charged counterions associated with it, in the surrounding cortex. The cortex may thus act as a...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/258402a0
更新日期:1975-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Cells operate in dynamic environments using extraordinary communication capabilities that emerge from the interactions of genetic circuitry. The mammalian immune response is a striking example of the coordination of different cell types. Cell-to-cell communication is primarily mediated by signalling molecules that for...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09145
更新日期:2010-07-08 00:00:00
abstract::RNA ligases have essential roles in many cellular processes in eukaryotes, archaea and bacteria, including in RNA repair and stress-induced splicing of messenger RNA. In archaea and eukaryotes, RNA ligases also have a role in transfer RNA splicing to generate functional tRNAs required for protein synthesis. We recentl...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature13284
更新日期:2014-07-03 00:00:00
abstract::T cells bearing the alpha beta receptor can specifically react with target cells coated with staphylococcal enterotoxin and expressing major histocompatibility complex class II molecules; these responses depend on which variable region (V) of the receptor's beta-subunit is used. We have now examined whether a similar ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/346572a0
更新日期:1990-08-09 00:00:00
abstract::Melanoma is a tumour of transformed melanocytes, which are originally derived from the embryonic neural crest. It is unknown to what extent the programs that regulate neural crest development interact with mutations in the BRAF oncogene, which is the most commonly mutated gene in human melanoma. We have used zebrafish...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature09882
更新日期:2011-03-24 00:00:00
abstract::We have postulated that an excitatory postsynaptic potential (e.p.s.p.) may open voltage-sensitive K+ ('M') channels, in an appropriate depolarizing range, and that this could alter the e.p.s.p. waveform. Consequently, the fast e.p.s.p. in neurones of sympathetic ganglia, elicited by a nicotinic action of acetylcholin...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/305148a0
更新日期:1983-09-08 00:00:00
abstract::The nature and length scales of charge screening in complex oxides are fundamental to a wide range of systems, spanning ceramic voltage-dependent resistors (varistors), oxide tunnel junctions and charge ordering in mixed-valence compounds. There are wide variations in the degree of charge disproportionation, length sc...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/nature00977
更新日期:2002-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::Monoclonal antibodies were raised against antibodies to distinct carboxy-terminal KDEL sequences of two soluble, resident endoplasmic reticulum proteins. These anti-idiotype reagents recognize an intrinsic membrane protein with characteristics expected of a receptor responsible for the recognition and return of reside...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章,收录出版
doi:10.1038/345495a0
更新日期:1990-06-07 00:00:00
abstract::Human-mediated translocation of species to areas beyond their natural distribution (which results in 'alien' populations1) is a key signature of the Anthropocene2, and is a primary global driver of biodiversity loss and environmental change3. Stemming the tide of invasions requires understanding why some species fail ...
journal_title:Nature
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1038/s41586-019-1292-2
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00