A topological Dirac insulator in a quantum spin Hall phase.

abstract：:Despite active transport into Earth's mantle, water has been present on our planet's surface for most of geological time. Yet water disappeared from the Martian surface soon after its formation. Although some of the water on Mars was lost to space via photolysis following the collapse of the planet's magnetic field, t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wade J,Dyck B,Palin RM,Moore JDP,Smye AJ

更新日期：2017-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrophobic signal-sequences direct the transfer of secretory proteins across the inner membrane of prokaryotes and the endoplasmic reticulum membranes of eukaryotes. In mammalian cells, signal-sequences are recognized by the 54K protein (M(r) 54,000) of the signal recognition particle (SRP) which is believed to hold ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Luirink J,High S,Wood H,Giner A,Tollervey D,Dobberstein B

更新日期：1992-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The beta, gamma-crystallins form a class of homologous proteins in the eye lens. Each gamma-crystallin comprises four topologically equivalent, Greek key motifs; pairs of motifs are organized around a local dyad to give domains and two similar domains are in turn related by a further local dyad. Sequence comparisons a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Bax B,Lapatto R,Nalini V,Driessen H,Lindley PF,Mahadevan D,Blundell TL,Slingsby C

更新日期：1990-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A fascinating question in biology is how molecular changes in developmental pathways lead to macroevolutionary changes in morphology. Mutations in homeotic (Hox) genes have long been suggested as potential causes of morphological evolution, and there is abundant evidence that some changes in Hox expression patterns co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ronshaugen M,McGinnis N,McGinnis W

更新日期：2002-02-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection by the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) is initiated by the binding of its extracellular envelope glycoprotein, gp120, to the CD4 antigen on target cells. To map the residues of the HIV-1 glycoprotein that are critical for binding and to analyse the effects of binding on viral infectivity, we created 15 mu...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cordonnier A,Montagnier L,Emerman M

更新日期：1989-08-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine is a potent modulator of transmitter release at a variety of synapses. The adenosine A1 receptor is assumed to reside in presynaptic terminals and to function as a negative autoreceptor. How adenosine reduces transmitter release is uncertain; it may reduce the calcium influx during nerve terminal depolarizat...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yawo H,Chuhma N

更新日期：1993-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The dispute among federal agencies over regulation of commercial biotechnology has been addressed in the Federal Register by the Office of Science and Technology Policy (OSTP), which says the Recombinant DNA Advisory Committee of the National Institutes of Health should continue to oversee biomedical research in this ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Beardsley T

更新日期：1985-01-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The size of plants is largely determined by growth of the stem. Stem elongation is stimulated by gibberellic acid1-3. Here we show that internode stem elongation in rice is regulated antagonistically by an 'accelerator' and a 'decelerator' in concert with gibberellic acid. Expression of a gene we name ACCELERATOR OF I...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nagai K,Mori Y,Ishikawa S,Furuta T,Gamuyao R,Niimi Y,Hobo T,Fukuda M,Kojima M,Takebayashi Y,Fukushima A,Himuro Y,Kobayashi M,Ackley W,Hisano H,Sato K,Yoshida A,Wu J,Sakakibara H,Sato Y,Tsuji H,Akagi T,Ashikari

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The embryos and larvae of stalked crinoids, which are considered the most basal group of extant echinoderms, have not previously been described. In contrast, much is known about the development of the more accessible stalkless crinoids (feather stars), which are phylogenetically derived from stalked forms. Here we des...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nakano H,Hibino T,Oji T,Hara Y,Amemiya S

更新日期：2003-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Many voltage-dependent K+ channels open when the membrane is depolarized and then rapidly close by a process called inactivation. Neurons use inactivating K+ channels to modulate their firing frequency. In Shaker-type K+ channels, the inactivation gate, which is responsible for the closing of the channel, is formed by...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhou M,Morais-Cabral JH,Mann S,MacKinnon R

更新日期：2001-06-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Connectivity in the cortex is organized at multiple scales, suggesting that scale-dependent correlated activity is particularly important for understanding the behaviour of sensory cortices and their function in stimulus encoding. We analysed the scale-dependent structure of cortical interactions by using maximum entr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ohiorhenuan IE,Mechler F,Purpura KP,Schmid AM,Hu Q,Victor JD

更新日期：2010-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Birds can perceive the reflectance of ultraviolet light by biological structures. Here we show that the skin of the mouth and body of starling nestlings substantially reflects light in the ultraviolet range and that young in which this reflectance is reduced will gain less mass than controls, despite low background le...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jourdie V,Moureau B,Bennett AT,Heeb P

更新日期：2004-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Therapeutic antibodies that block the programmed death-1 (PD-1)-programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) pathway can induce robust and durable responses in patients with various cancers, including metastatic urothelial cancer. However, these responses only occur in a subset of patients. Elucidating the determinants of respon...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mariathasan S,Turley SJ,Nickles D,Castiglioni A,Yuen K,Wang Y,Kadel EE III,Koeppen H,Astarita JL,Cubas R,Jhunjhunwala S,Banchereau R,Yang Y,Guan Y,Chalouni C,Ziai J,Şenbabaoğlu Y,Santoro S,Sheinson D,Hung J,Giltna

更新日期：2018-02-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Immune recognition of protein antigens relies on the combined interaction of multiple antibody loops, which provide a fairly large footprint and constrain the size and shape of protein surfaces that can be targeted. Single protein loops can mediate extremely high-affinity binding, but it is unclear whether such a mech...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ekiert DC,Kashyap AK,Steel J,Rubrum A,Bhabha G,Khayat R,Lee JH,Dillon MA,O'Neil RE,Faynboym AM,Horowitz M,Horowitz L,Ward AB,Palese P,Webby R,Lerner RA,Bhatt RR,Wilson IA

更新日期：2012-09-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mammal-like reptiles of the order Therapsida document the emergence of mammals from more primitive synapsids and are of unique zoological and palaeontological interest on that account. Therapsids, first appearing in the Early Permian, were thought to become extinct in the Middle Jurassic, soon after the Late Triassic ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fox RC,Youzwyshyn GP,Krause DW

更新日期：1992-07-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Macrophages and dendritic cells have key roles in viral infections, providing virus reservoirs that frequently resist antiviral therapies and linking innate virus detection to antiviral adaptive immune responses. Human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) fails to transduce dendritic cells and has a reduced ability to tra...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hrecka K,Hao C,Gierszewska M,Swanson SK,Kesik-Brodacka M,Srivastava S,Florens L,Washburn MP,Skowronski J

更新日期：2011-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:During female germline development, oocytes become a highly specialized cell type and form a maternal cytoplasmic store of crucial factors. Oocyte growth is triggered at the transition from primordial to primary follicle and is accompanied by dynamic changes in gene expression1, but the gene regulatory network that co...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hamazaki N,Kyogoku H,Araki H,Miura F,Horikawa C,Hamada N,Shimamoto S,Hikabe O,Nakashima K,Kitajima TS,Ito T,Leitch HG,Hayashi K

更新日期：2021-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：: ...

journal_title：Nature

authors：

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Most of the progress in human culture has required the exploitation of energy resources. About 100 years ago, the major source of energy shifted from recent solar to fossil hydrocarbons, including liquid and gaseous petroleum. Technology has generally led to a greater use of hydrocarbon fuels for most human activities...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall C,Tharakan P,Hallock J,Cleveland C,Jefferson M

更新日期：2003-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The TGF-beta/activin/BMP superfamily of growth factors signals through heteromeric receptor complexes of type I and type II serine/threonine kinase receptors. The signal originated by TGF-beta-like molecules appears to be transduced by a set of evolutionarily conserved proteins known as SMADs, which upon activation di...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lagna G,Hata A,Hemmati-Brivanlou A,Massagué J

更新日期：1996-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations or amplification of the MET proto-oncogene are involved in the pathogenesis of several tumours, which rely on the constitutive engagement of this pathway for their growth and survival. However, MET is expressed not only by cancer cells but also by tumour-associated stromal cells, although its precise role in...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Finisguerra V,Di Conza G,Di Matteo M,Serneels J,Costa S,Thompson AA,Wauters E,Walmsley S,Prenen H,Granot Z,Casazza A,Mazzone M

更新日期：2015-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:X-linked spinal and bulbar muscular atrophy (Kennedy's disease) is an adult-onset form of motorneuron disease which may be associated with signs of androgen insensitivity. We have now investigated whether the androgen receptor gene on the proximal long arm of the X chromosome is a candidate gene for this disease. In p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： La Spada AR,Wilson EM,Lubahn DB,Harding AE,Fischbeck KH

更新日期：1991-07-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Gut microbes supply the human body with energy from dietary polysaccharides through carbohydrate active enzymes, or CAZymes, which are absent in the human genome. These enzymes target polysaccharides from terrestrial plants that dominated diet throughout human evolution. The array of CAZymes in gut microbes is highly ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hehemann JH,Correc G,Barbeyron T,Helbert W,Czjzek M,Michel G

更新日期：2010-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:High-temperature superconductivity is achieved by doping copper oxide insulators with charge carriers. The density of carriers in conducting materials can be determined from measurements of the Hall voltage--the voltage transverse to the flow of the electrical current that is proportional to an applied magnetic field....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Balakirev FF,Betts JB,Migliori A,Ono S,Ando Y,Boebinger GS

更新日期：2003-08-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Ionic currents from individual K+ channels in squid axon membrane have been recorded. At hyperpolarizing membrane voltages, unit events occur as widely spaced rectangular pulses with short interruptions. The frequency of occurrence of the units increases strongly when the membrane is depolarized. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Conti F,Neher E

更新日期：1980-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The quest for higher data density in information storage is motivating investigations into approaches for manipulating magnetization by means other than magnetic fields. This is evidenced by the recent boom in magnetoelectronics and 'spintronics', where phenomena such as carrier effects in magnetic semiconductors and ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lottermoser T,Lonkai T,Amann U,Hohlwein D,Ihringer J,Fiebig M

更新日期：2004-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Efficient long-distance quantum teleportation is crucial for quantum communication and quantum networking schemes. Here we describe the high-fidelity teleportation of photons over a distance of 600 metres across the River Danube in Vienna, with the optimal efficiency that can be achieved using linear optics. Our resul...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ursin R,Jennewein T,Aspelmeyer M,Kaltenbaek R,Lindenthal M,Walther P,Zeilinger A

更新日期：2004-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The neurohypophysial hormone vasopressin exerts antidiuretic, vasopressor and behavioural effects (for example, facilitation of memory processes). Vasopressin may alter animal behaviour via direct effect on brain processes. Recently, however, it has been suggested that vasopressin acts mainly at peripheral receptor sy...

journal_title：Nature

authors： de Wied D,Gaffori O,van Ree JM,de Jong W

更新日期：1984-03-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Some beetles in the Namib Desert collect drinking water from fog-laden wind on their backs. We show here that these large droplets form by virtue of the insect's bumpy surface, which consists of alternating hydrophobic, wax-coated and hydrophilic, non-waxy regions. The design of this fog-collecting structure can be re...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Parker AR,Lawrence CR

更新日期：2001-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species trigger cellular responses by activation of stress-responsive mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling pathways. Reversal of MAPK activation requires the transcriptional induction of specialized cysteine-based phosphatases that mediate MAPK dephosphorylation. Paradoxically, oxidative ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fox GC,Shafiq M,Briggs DC,Knowles PP,Collister M,Didmon MJ,Makrantoni V,Dickinson RJ,Hanrahan S,Totty N,Stark MJ,Keyse SM,McDonald NQ

更新日期：2007-05-24 00:00:00