Structural basis for recognition of synaptic vesicle protein 2C by botulinum neurotoxin A.

abstract：:In order to understand the dynamics of the India Asia collision zone, it is important to know the strain distribution in Central Asia, whose determination relies on the slip rates for active faults. Many previous slip-rate estimates of faults in Central Asia were based on the assumption that offset landforms are young...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hetzel R,Niedermann S,Tao M,Kubik PW,Ivy-Ochs S,Gao B,Strecker MR

更新日期：2002-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations of the presenilin-1 gene are a major cause of familial early-onset Alzheimer's disease. Presenilin-1 can associate with members of the catenin family of signalling proteins, but the significance of this association is unknown. Here we show that presenilin-1 forms a complex with beta-catenin in vivo that incr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang Z,Hartmann H,Do VM,Abramowski D,Sturchler-Pierrat C,Staufenbiel M,Sommer B,van de Wetering M,Clevers H,Saftig P,De Strooper B,He X,Yankner BA

更新日期：1998-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Susceptibility to some human diseases is linked, albeit weakly, to major transplantation antigens (HLA) encoded by the major histocompatibility gene complex (MHC). Here we have studied MHC/disease association in inbred strains of mice after intracerebral (i.c.) injection of lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus (LCMV). T...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zinkernagel RM,Pfau CJ,Hengartner H,Althage A

更新日期：1985-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene targeting in mouse embryo-derived stem cells has been used to disrupt the homeobox gene hox-1.5. Mice heterozygous at the hox-1.5 locus appear normal, whereas hox-1.5-/hox-1.5- mice die at or shortly after birth. These homozygotes are athymic, aparathyroid, have reduced thyroid and submaxillary tissue and exhibit...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chisaka O,Capecchi MR

更新日期：1991-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Approximately one-third of all mammalian genes are essential for life. Phenotypes resulting from knockouts of these genes in mice have provided tremendous insight into gene function and congenital disorders. As part of the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium effort to generate and phenotypically characterize 5,...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Dickinson ME,Flenniken AM,Ji X,Teboul L,Wong MD,White JK,Meehan TF,Weninger WJ,Westerberg H,Adissu H,Baker CN,Bower L,Brown JM,Caddle LB,Chiani F,Clary D,Cleak J,Daly MJ,Denegre JM,Doe B,Dolan ME,Edie SM,Fuchs

更新日期：2016-09-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Homeostasis is a biological principle for regulation of essential physiological parameters within a set range. Behavioural responses due to deviation from homeostasis are critical for survival, but motivational processes engaged by physiological need states are incompletely understood. We examined motivational charact...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Betley JN,Xu S,Cao ZFH,Gong R,Magnus CJ,Yu Y,Sternson SM

更新日期：2015-05-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The capacity of the rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) membrane of eukaryotic cells in translocate nascent presecretory proteins from the cytosol to the intracisternal space is preserved on cell fractionation and can be assayed in vitro. Two attempts to characterize this translocation activity have been reported. Warre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jackson RC,Walter P,Blobel G

更新日期：1980-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to double-stranded DNA, there has so far been little evidence that double-stranded RNA can undergo major conformational transitions. We have investigated the conformation in different conditions of the double-stranded RNA molecule poly(G-C).poly(G-C), by NMR, circular dichroism and absorbance spectroscopy....

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hall K,Cruz P,Tinoco I Jr,Jovin TM,van de Sande JH

更新日期：1984-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The Borrmann effect-a dramatic increase in transparency to X-ray beams-is observed when X-rays satisfying Bragg's law diffract through a perfect crystal. The minimization of absorption seen in the Borrmann effect has been explained by noting that the electric field of the X-ray beam approaches zero amplitude at the cr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Pettifer RF,Collins SP,Laundy D

更新日期：2008-07-10 00:00:00

abstract：:There is a clear case for drug treatments to be selected according to the characteristics of an individual patient, in order to improve efficacy and reduce the number and severity of adverse drug reactions. However, such personalization of drug treatments requires the ability to predict how different individuals will ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Clayton TA,Lindon JC,Cloarec O,Antti H,Charuel C,Hanton G,Provost JP,Le Net JL,Baker D,Walley RJ,Everett JR,Nicholson JK

更新日期：2006-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Helminth parasitic infections are a major global health and social burden. The host defence against helminths such as Nippostrongylus brasiliensis is orchestrated by type 2 cell-mediated immunity. Induction of type 2 cytokines, including interleukins (IL) IL-4 and IL-13, induce goblet cell hyperplasia with mucus produ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gerbe F,Sidot E,Smyth DJ,Ohmoto M,Matsumoto I,Dardalhon V,Cesses P,Garnier L,Pouzolles M,Brulin B,Bruschi M,Harcus Y,Zimmermann VS,Taylor N,Maizels RM,Jay P

更新日期：2016-01-14 00:00:00

abstract：:During the fission yeast cell cycle, the rate of polyadenylated messenger RNA synthesis doubles when the cell reaches a critical size. This size-related control maintains average mRNA content in balance with total cell mass during exponential growth, even in cells growing at different absolute growth rates per cell. ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Fraser RS,Nurse P

更新日期：1978-02-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of a local chromatin topology conducive to transcription is a key step in gene regulation. The yeast SWI/SNF complex is the founding member of a family of ATP-dependent remodelling activities capable of altering chromatin structure both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its importance, the pathway by which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Whitehouse I,Flaus A,Cairns BR,White MF,Workman JL,Owen-Hughes T

更新日期：1999-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual differences in the extent and type of parental care lie at the heart of sexual selection theory, and evolution resulting from parental conflict has produced some striking behavioural and morphological adaptations. In a study of male pregnancy in Gulf pipefish, Paczolt and Jones showed that more eggs were transf...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Gwynne DT,Judge KA,Kelly CD

更新日期：2010-08-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Animals must respond to various threats to survive. Neurons that express calcitonin gene-related peptide in the parabrachial nucleus (CGRPPBN neurons) relay sensory signals that contribute to satiation and pain-induced fear behaviour, but it is unclear how they encode these distinct processes. Here, by recording calci...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Campos CA,Bowen AJ,Roman CW,Palmiter RD

更新日期：2018-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Humans are colour-blind at night, and it has been assumed that this is true of all animals. But colour vision is as useful for discriminating objects at night as it is during the day. Here we show, through behavioural experiments, that the nocturnal hawkmoth Deilephila elpenor uses colour vision to discriminate colour...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kelber A,Balkenius A,Warrant EJ

更新日期：2002-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations show that the seismic normal modes of the Earth at frequencies near 10 mHz are excited at a nearly constant level in the absence of large earthquakes. This background level of excitation has been called the 'hum' of the Earth, and is equivalent to the maximum excitation from a magnitude 5.75 earthquake. I...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Webb SC

更新日期：2007-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Body size is intrinsically linked to metabolic rate and life-history traits, and is a crucial determinant of food webs and community dynamics1,2. The increased temperatures associated with the urban-heat-island effect result in increased metabolic costs and are expected to drive shifts to smaller body sizes 3 . Urban ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Merckx T,Souffreau C,Kaiser A,Baardsen LF,Backeljau T,Bonte D,Brans KI,Cours M,Dahirel M,Debortoli N,De Wolf K,Engelen JMT,Fontaneto D,Gianuca AT,Govaert L,Hendrickx F,Higuti J,Lens L,Martens K,Matheve H,Matthysen

更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Osmotic pressures are generated by differences in chemical potential of a solution across a membrane. But whether osmosis can have a significant effect on the pressure of fluids in geological environments has been controversial, because the membrane properties of geological media are poorly understood. 'Anomalous' pre...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Neuzil CE

更新日期：2000-01-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase is a functionally complex, membrane-bound respiratory enzyme which catalyses both the reduction of O2 to water and proton-pumping. During respiration, an exogenous donor, cytochrome c, donates four electrons to O2 bound at the bimetallic haem alpha 3 Fe-Cu centre within the enzyme. The...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wikström M

更新日期：1989-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability to form integrated circuits on flexible sheets of plastic enables attributes (for example conformal and flexible formats and lightweight and shock resistant construction) in electronic devices that are difficult or impossible to achieve with technologies that use semiconductor wafers or glass plates as sub...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Cao Q,Kim HS,Pimparkar N,Kulkarni JP,Wang C,Shim M,Roy K,Alam MA,Rogers JA

更新日期：2008-07-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Phase-dependent forms of microscopy (such as phase contrast, interference, or polarization microscopy) have been used for many years; the amount of phase retardation produces images based mainly on index of refraction. We have developed a microscope that forms images that depend on small differences in extinction for ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Mickols W,Maestre MF,Tinoco I Jr

更新日期：1987-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A large number of high-accuracy vector measurements of the Earth's magnetic field have recently become available from the satellite Oersted, complementing previous vector data from the satellite Magsat, which operated in 1979/80. These data can be used to infer the morphology of the magnetic field at the surface of th...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jackson A

更新日期：2003-08-14 00:00:00

abstract：:A non-discriminatory base analogue, or universal base, would be an invaluable component of oligonucleotide probes and primers for solving the design problems that arise as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code, or when only fragmentary peptide sequence data are available. We have designed an alternative to pr...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Nichols R,Andrews PC,Zhang P,Bergstrom DE

更新日期：1994-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The presence of homoeo box sequences in the genomes of vertebrates has suggested that these metazoans possess the equivalent of the homoeotic genes that have a key role in regulating the development of the fruitfly Drosophila melanogaster. We report here that a novel murine homoeo box-containing gene is expressed in e...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Colberg-Poley AM,Voss SD,Chowdhury K,Gruss P

更新日期：1985-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma membrane-bound mammalian ras proteins of relative molecular mass 21,000 (ras p21) share biochemical and structural properties with other guanine nucleotide-binding regulatory proteins (G-proteins). Oncogenic ras p21 variants result from amino acid substitutions at specific positions that cause p21 to occur ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vogel US,Dixon RA,Schaber MD,Diehl RE,Marshall MS,Scolnick EM,Sigal IS,Gibbs JB

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Many proteins are expressed in distinct embryonic and adult forms. However, in most cases we do not know why the embryonic form of proteins is required. This question can be readily addressed for the acetylcholine receptor (AChR) because developmentally specified modifications of this ligand-gated ion channel can be d...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Jaramillo F,Vicini S,Schuetze SM

更新日期：1988-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The alpha beta T-cell receptors (TCRs) react with complex ligands composed of peptides bound to major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins. In the absence of foreign antigens the peptides bound to MHC molecules come from the proteins of the host itself. Interactions between TCRs and these self-peptide-MHC ligands...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kozono H,White J,Clements J,Marrack P,Kappler J

更新日期：1994-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Silicon dominates contemporary solar cell technologies1. But when absorbing photons, silicon (like other semiconductors) wastes energy in excess of its bandgap2. Reducing these thermalization losses and enabling better sensitivity to light is possible by sensitizing the silicon solar cell using singlet exciton fission...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Einzinger M,Wu T,Kompalla JF,Smith HL,Perkinson CF,Nienhaus L,Wieghold S,Congreve DN,Kahn A,Bawendi MG,Baldo MA

更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DEAD-box RNA helicases are vital for the regulation of various aspects of the RNA life cycle, but the molecular underpinnings of their involvement, particularly in mammalian cells, remain poorly understood. Here we show that the DEAD-box RNA helicase DDX21 can sense the transcriptional status of both RNA polymerase (P...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Calo E,Flynn RA,Martin L,Spitale RC,Chang HY,Wysocka J

更新日期：2015-02-12 00:00:00