Prevention of diabetes in nonobese diabetic mice by tumor necrosis factor (TNF): similarities between TNF-alpha and interleukin 1.

abstract：:The enhancer-binding factor NF-kappa B, which is found only in cells that transcribe immunoglobulin light chain genes, has been purified from nuclear extracts of Namalwa cells (human Burkitt lymphoma cells) by sequence-specific DNA affinity chromatography. The purified NF-kappa B has been identified as a 51-kDa polype...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kawakami K,Scheidereit C,Roeder RG

更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Confined liquid crystals (LC) provide a unique platform for technological applications and for the study of LC properties, such as bulk elasticity, surface anchoring, and topological defects. In this work, lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are confined in spherical droplets, and their director configurations...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jeong J,Davidson ZS,Collings PJ,Lubensky TC,Yodh AG

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:During cytokinesis, a cleavage furrow generated by actomyosin ring contraction is restructured into the midbody, a platform for the assembly of the abscission machinery that controls the final separation of daughter cells. The polymerization state of F-actin is important during assembly, ingression, disassembly, and c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Terry SJ,Donà F,Osenberg P,Carlton JG,Eggert US

更新日期：2018-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple method combining photolithography and shadow (or angle) evaporation is developed to fabricate single-walled carbon nanotube (SWCNT) devices with tube lengths of approximately 10-50 nm between metal contacts. Large numbers of such short devices are obtained without the need of complex tools such as electron be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Javey A,Qi P,Wang Q,Dai H

更新日期：2004-09-14 00:00:00

abstract：:We show that a large class of finite factors has free entropy dimension less than or equal to one. This class includes all prime factors and many property T factors. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ge L,Shen J

更新日期：2000-08-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Social decisions require evaluation of costs and benefits to oneself and others. Long associated with emotion and vigilance, the amygdala has recently been implicated in both decision-making and social behavior. The amygdala signals reward and punishment, as well as facial expressions and the gaze of others. Amygdala ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chang SW,Fagan NA,Toda K,Utevsky AV,Pearson JM,Platt ML

更新日期：2015-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Forkhead box g1 (Foxg1) is a nuclear-cytosolic transcription factor essential for the forebrain development and involved in neurodevelopmental and cancer pathologies. Despite the importance of this protein, little is known about the modalities by which it exerts such a large number of cellular functions. Here we show ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pancrazi L,Di Benedetto G,Colombaioni L,Della Sala G,Testa G,Olimpico F,Reyes A,Zeviani M,Pozzan T,Costa M

更新日期：2015-11-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Phytoplankton often encounter turbulence in their habitat. As most toxic phytoplankton species are motile, resolving the interplay of motility and turbulence has fundamental repercussions on our understanding of their own ecology and of the entire ecosystems they inhabit. The spatial distribution of motile phytoplankt...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Breier RE,Lalescu CC,Waas D,Wilczek M,Mazza MG

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitochondria isolated from maize plants with S-type male-sterile cytoplasms are capable of synthesizing four species of RNA at concentrations of actinomycin D that eliminate all DNA-directed RNA synthesis. No RNA synthesis occurs under the same conditions with mitochondria from plants possessing normal (N) cytoplasm o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Finnegan PM,Brown GG

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Green fluorescent protein (GFP) is widely used as a reporter gene in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes. However, the fluorescence levels of wild-type GFP (wtGFP) are not bright enough for fluorescence-activated cell sorting or flow cytometry. Several GFP variants were generated that are brighter or have altered excitati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anderson MT,Tjioe IM,Lorincz MC,Parks DR,Herzenberg LA,Nolan GP,Herzenberg LA

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of naïve cluster of differentiation (CD)8(+) cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) is a tightly regulated process, and specific dendritic cell (DC) subsets are typically required to activate naive CTLs. Potential pathways for antigen presentation leading to CD8(+) T-cell priming include direct presentation, cross-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li L,Kim S,Herndon JM,Goedegebuure P,Belt BA,Satpathy AT,Fleming TP,Hansen TH,Murphy KM,Gillanders WE

更新日期：2012-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:We document male-biased sex ratios among U.S.-born children of Chinese, Korean, and Asian Indian parents in the 2000 U.S. Census. This male bias is particularly evident for third children: If there was no previous son, sons outnumbered daughters by 50%. By contrast, the sex ratios of eldest and younger children with a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Almond D,Edlund L

更新日期：2008-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Hydrogen atoms constitute about half of all atoms in proteins and play a critical role in enzyme mechanisms and macromolecular and solvent structure. Hydrogen atom positions can readily be determined by neutron diffraction, and as such, neutron diffraction is an invaluable tool for elucidating molecular mechanisms. Jo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Blum MM,Mustyakimov M,Rüterjans H,Kehe K,Schoenborn BP,Langan P,Chen JC

更新日期：2009-01-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Methylmercury (MeHg) is a potent neurotoxin that is biomagnified approximately 1-10 million-fold in aquatic carnivores such as the Northern elephant seal (Mirounga angustirostris), whose excreta and molted pelage, in turn, constitute a source of environmental MeHg contamination at the base of marine food chains. The p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cossaboon JM,Ganguli PM,Flegal AR

更新日期：2015-09-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Human cells express thousands of different surface proteins that can be used for cell classification, or to distinguish healthy and disease conditions. A method capable of profiling a substantial fraction of the surface proteome simultaneously and inexpensively would enable more accurate and complete classification of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pollock SB,Hu A,Mou Y,Martinko AJ,Julien O,Hornsby M,Ploder L,Adams JJ,Geng H,Müschen M,Sidhu SS,Moffat J,Wells JA

更新日期：2018-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA photolyase is a pyrimidine-dimer repair enzyme that uses visible light. Photolyase generally contains two chromophore cofactors. One is a catalytic cofactor directly contributing to the repair of a pyrimidine-dimer. The other is a light-harvesting cofactor, which absorbs visible light and transfers energy to the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Komori H,Masui R,Kuramitsu S,Yokoyama S,Shibata T,Inoue Y,Miki K

更新日期：2001-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Macropinocytosis is a highly conserved endocytic process by which extracellular fluid and solutes are internalized into cells. Macropinocytosis starts with the formation of membrane ruffles at the plasma membrane and ends with their closure. The transient and sequential emergence of phosphoinositides PI(3,4,5)P3 and P...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maekawa M,Terasaka S,Mochizuki Y,Kawai K,Ikeda Y,Araki N,Skolnik EY,Taguchi T,Arai H

更新日期：2014-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:There is currently no consensus on the importance of climate change in Mesoamerican prehistory. Some invoke drought as a causal factor in major cultural transitions, including the abandonment of many sites at 900 CE, while others conclude that cultural factors were more important. This lack of agreement reflects the f...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bhattacharya T,Byrne R,Böhnel H,Wogau K,Kienel U,Ingram BL,Zimmerman S

更新日期：2015-02-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the genetic networks that operate inside cells will require the dissection of interactions among network members. Here we describe a peptide aptamer isolated from a combinatorial library that distinguishes among such interactions. This aptamer binds to cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Cdk2) and inhibits its ki...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen BA,Colas P,Brent R

更新日期：1998-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthesis of the iron-storage protein ferritin is thought to be regulated at the translational level by the cytosolic content of chelatable iron. This response to iron is regulated by the iron-modulated binding to ferritin mRNAs of a repressor protein, the iron regulatory element-binding protein. From measurements mad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eisenstein RS,Garcia-Mayol D,Pettingell W,Munro HN

更新日期：1991-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A broad program of freezing species in threatened ecospheres could preserve biodiversity for eventual use by future generations. Sampling without studying can lower costs dramatically. Local labor can do most of the gathering. Plausible costs of collecting and cryogenically suspending the tropical rain forest species,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benford G

更新日期：1992-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations with the image tube scanner at the Shane 3-m telescope are combined with data obtained with the International Ultraviolet Explorer to assess the spectrum of the remarkable high-excitation planetary nebula NGC 6537. We have analyzed the spectrum of this nitrogen-rich object with the aid of the theoretical ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Feibelman W,Aller LH,Keyes CD,Czyzak SJ

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mechanisms underlying age-related obesity and insulin resistance are generally unknown. Here, we report age-related adipose vascular changes markedly modulated fat mass, adipocyte functions, blood lipid composition, and insulin sensitivity. Notably, VEGF expression levels in various white adipose tissues (WATs) underw...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Honek J,Seki T,Iwamoto H,Fischer C,Li J,Lim S,Samani NJ,Zang J,Cao Y

更新日期：2014-10-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The process by which cells select one of several specific programs of genetic information in development was examined in homoeotic mutant Antennapedia of Rappaport in Drosophila melanogaster. The results show that the alteration of determination from antenna to leg induced by this homoeotic mutation occurs in a popula...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Postlethwait JH,Schneiderman HA

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell cycle checkpoints are evolutionarily conserved surveillance systems that protect genomic stability and prevent oncogenesis in mammals. One important target of checkpoint control is ribonucleotide reductase (RNR), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in dNTP and DNA synthesis. In both yeast and humans, RNR is tr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhao X,Rothstein R

更新日期：2002-03-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Marine Archaea are important players among microbial plankton and significantly contribute to biogeochemical cycles, but details regarding their community structure and long-term seasonal activity and dynamics remain largely unexplored. In this study, we monitored the interannual archaeal community composition of abun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hugoni M,Taib N,Debroas D,Domaizon I,Jouan Dufournel I,Bronner G,Salter I,Agogué H,Mary I,Galand PE

更新日期：2013-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The protooncogenic protein Vav has the structure of an intracellular signal transducer. It is exclusively expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage and plays a crucial role in hematopoietic cell differentiation. Here we report that both in cell extracts and within intact mammalian cells Vav binds to Grb2 (Sem-5/ASH/...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye ZS,Baltimore D

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:We have cloned and characterized cDNAs coding for a receptor-class phosphotyrosine phosphatase gene from Drosophila melanogaster. The gene maps to the polytene chromosome bands 99A7-8. The cDNA clones code for a polypeptide of 1301 amino acids with a predicted molecular mass of 145 kDa. The extracellular domain includ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hariharan IK,Chuang PT,Rubin GM

更新日期：1991-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Proactive policing, the strategic targeting of people or places to prevent crimes, is a well-studied tactic that is ubiquitous in modern law enforcement. A 2017 National Academies of Sciences report reviewed existing literature, entrenched in deterrence theory, and found evidence that proactive policing strategies can...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Del Toro J,Lloyd T,Buchanan KS,Robins SJ,Bencharit LZ,Smiedt MG,Reddy KS,Pouget ER,Kerrison EM,Goff PA

更新日期：2019-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:P450c17 is the single enzyme mediating both 17 alpha-hydroxylase (steroid 17 alpha-monooxygenase, EC 1.14.99.9) and 17,20 lyase activities in the synthesis of steroid hormones. It has been suggested that different P450c17 isozymes mediate these activities in the adrenal gland and testis. We sequenced 423 of the 509 am...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chung BC,Picado-Leonard J,Haniu M,Bienkowski M,Hall PF,Shively JE,Miller WL

更新日期：1987-01-01 00:00:00