Abstract：
:Bath salts are designer drugs with stimulant properties that are a growing medical and psychiatric concern due to their widespread availability and use. Although the chemical compounds in the mixtures referred to as "bath salts" vary, many are derivatives of cathinone, a monoamine alkaloid. Cathinones have an affinity for dopamine, serotonin, and norepinephrine synapses in the brain. Because of the strong selection for these neurotransmitters, these drugs induce stimulating effects similar to those of methamphetamines, cocaine, and 3,4-methylenedioxy-N-methylamphetamine (MDMA). Much of the emerging information about bath salts is from emergency department evaluation and treatment of severe medical and neuropsychiatric adverse outcomes. This review consists of a compilation of case reports and describes the emergent literature that illustrates the chemical composition of bath salts, patterns of use, administration methods, medical and neuropsychiatric effects, and treatments of patients with bath salt toxicity.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Miotto K,Striebel J,Cho AK,Wang Cdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.016subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-09-01 00:00:00pages
1-12issue
1-2eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(13)00235-4journal_volume
132pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：BACKGROUND:Under-reporting of substance use and other sensitive information is a substantial threat to internal study validity, particularly during the perinatal period. Anonymous approaches are associated with greater disclosure but are incompatible with longitudinal follow-up. Alternative approaches include use of a ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.016
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study evaluated the relationship between diagnoses of cocaine and sedative dependence and drug use early in treatment among opioid-dependent patients in methadone substitution therapy. New admissions (n = 138) were assessed via the Structured Clinical Interview for the DSM III-R (SCID) for presence of Axis...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(96)01268-9
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present experiment investigated contextual renewal of cocaine seeking and potential methods of attenuating this renewal. Rats were first trained in one context to self-administer cocaine when a discriminative stimulus (tone) was presented. Then, the ABA Group was placed in a second context and responses in tone no...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.006
更新日期：2007-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:A confidential and anonymous survey of 3623 adolescents was carried out in eight schools (six state comprehensive and two independent) in Newcastle upon Tyne. The survey enquired about cigarette use, alcohol consumption and illicit drug use together with key demographic variables. The results showed that 21% were curr...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(94)01073-t
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The 10-item version of the cocaine craving questionnaire (CCQ-Brief) has not been validated in a mixed-gender sample, and predictive validity of the CCQ-Now and CCQ-Brief in terms of their relationship with cocaine relapse has not been demonstrated. OBJECTIVE:To further validate the CCQ-Brief in a mixed gen...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.10.002
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A recent systematic review observed that HIV prevalence amongst injectors is negligible (<1%) below a threshold HCV prevalence of 30%, but thereafter increases with HCV prevalence. We explore whether a model can reproduce these trends, what determines different epidemiological profiles and how this affects i...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.032
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It has been proposed that relapse vulnerability in previously dependent individuals results from augmentation of drug-induced reinforcement due to repeated associations between the interoceptive properties of the drug and reduction of acute withdrawal distress. METHODS:To test this hypothesis, male Sprague-...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.007
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Young injection drug users are at heightened risk for acquisition of blood-borne infections because of their high rates of unsafe injection behaviors, yet there has been little research examining the circumstances surrounding injection drug users' first injection experience ('hit'). We examined the relationship betwee...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.08.021
更新日期：2005-03-07 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:Modafinil was tested for efficacy in facilitating abstinence in cocaine-dependent patients, compared to placebo. METHODS:This was a double-blind placebo-controlled study, with 12 weeks of treatment and a 4-week follow-up. Six outpatient substance abuse treatment clinics participated in the study. There were 210 tr...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.04.015
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The problematic use of prescription drugs (PDs) and related disorders are considerably prevalent but evidence concerning brief intervention for problematic PD users is sparse. A previous analysis of the present study on the effectiveness of brief intervention for problematic PD use in a general hospital reve...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2009.07.010
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Alcohol cues can precipitate the desire to drink and cause relapse in recovering alcohol-dependent patients. Serotonin and dopamine may play a role in alcohol cue-induced craving. Acute combined tryptophan (Trp), tyrosine (Tyr), and phenylalanine (Phe) depletion (CMD) in the diet attenuates the synthesis of ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.01.006
更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The Alcohol, Smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST) is a screening instrument to detect substance use in primary care (PC). To screen for illicit substances (excluding tobacco and alcohol), the ASSIST consists of 8-57 questions and requires complicated scoring. To improve the efficiency of scree...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.03.029
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Interpretation bias is a crucial therapeutic target in emotional disorders. However, few studies have examined the role of interpretation bias in substance use disorders (SUDs). Our specific aims were: (1) to examine whether interpretation bias was associated with craving and abstinence self-efficacy, and (2)...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107644
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The use, misuse and co-use of alcohol, cannabis, tobacco, and other licit and illicit controlled substances has increased in past decades leading to higher rates of morbidity, overdose, and mortality in women of reproductive age. Co-use compounds the adverse health effects of substance use compared to single...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2019.107729
更新日期：2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:This study presents an integrative data analysis of the association between frequency of cannabis use and severity of depressive symptoms using data from four Australasian cohort studies. The integrated data comprised observations on over 6900 individuals studied on up to seven occasions between adolescence ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.06.002
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis use are prevalent behaviors that pose considerable health risks. Genetic vulnerability and characteristics of the neighborhood of residence form important risk factors for substance use. Possibly, these factors do not act in isolation. This study tested the interaction between ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.107948
更新日期：2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role that male sexual partners play in the treatment outcome of drug dependent pregnant women deserves greater attention. Pregnant women enrolled in a comprehensive treatment program with drug-free (n=85) or drug-using (n=82) male sexual partners completed a relationship survey and were compared on partner and psy...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(03)00030-9
更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and cannabis use are each associated with specific cognitive deficits. Few studies have investigated the neurocognitive profile of individuals with both an ADHD history and regular cannabis use. The greatest cognitive impairment is expected among ADHD Cannabis ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.08.001
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are limited data about the extent of DSM-5 substance use disorders (SUDs) among primary care patients. METHODS:This study analyzed data from a multisite validation study of a substance use screening instrument conducted in a diverse sample of 2000 adults aged ≥18 years recruited from five primary care...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.048
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The misuse of benzodiazepines (BZs) among adolescents is an important issue within the fields of mental health, medicine, and public health. Though there is an increasing amount of research on prescription medication misuse, a relatively small number of studies focus on adolescent BZ misuse. The goal of this...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.01.026
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rhesus monkeys (n = 6) were surgically prepared with double lumen i.v. catheters and the effects of continuous infusion of the monoamine reuptake blockers mazindol, sertraline and fluoxetine were examined on behavior maintained by food presentation or i.v. cocaine injections. Under baseline conditions, lever pressing ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0376-8716(93)90067-z
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Kratom (Mitragyna speciosa Korth.) has been used in Southeast Asia for hundreds of years to increase energy, for relaxation, and to diminish opioid withdrawal. Kratom use has recently spread to Western countries. Kratom could potentially be used for the treatment of opioid withdrawal and pain, but more insig...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108235
更新日期：2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few studies have assessed the temporal association between homelessness and injection drug use, and injection-related risk behavior. METHODS:Among a cohort of 1405 current and former injection drug users in follow-up from 2005 to 2009, we used random intercept models to assess the temporal association betwe...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.03.009
更新日期：2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Mortality rates are elevated among heroin-dependent populations compared to the general population. Liver disease is emerging as an important contributor to mortality as the heroin-dependent population ages. Two major risk factors for liver disease are hepatitis C virus infection and chronic heavy alcohol us...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.11.012
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:Laboratory studies in which drugs of abuse are self- or experimenter-administered to non-treatment-seeking research volunteers provide valuable data about new pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders, as well as behavioral and performance data for understanding the neurobiology of drug abuse. This paper ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.015
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Research over the past 10 years has suggested that methamphetamine use has become a significant problem and is associated with risky sexual behaviors among gay and bisexual men. In order to better understand initiation into methamphetamine use among gay and bisexual men, qualitative analyses were performed on a sample...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.02.017
更新日期：2007-10-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Phospholipids are essential components of cell membranes which may also function to mediate some of the behavioural effects of dopamine receptor stimulation caused by psychostimulant drugs. Neuroimaging and pharmacological data suggest that abnormal brain metabolism of phospholipids might explain some of the consequen...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00022-4
更新日期：2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of Delta(9)-tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) in driver impairment and motor vehicle crashes has traditionally been established in experimental and epidemiological studies. Experimental studies have repeatedly shown that THC impairs cognition, psychomotor function and actual driving performance in a dose related man...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2003.10.008
更新日期：2004-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Smoking, especially nicotine dependence is associated with more severe symptoms of depression and anxiety disorders. However, the mechanisms underlying this association are unclear. We investigated the effect of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) Val(66)Met polymorphism on the severity of depressive an...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.12.032
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In previous work we (Fisher et al., 2011) examined the emergence of neurobehavioral disinhibition (ND) in adolescents with prenatal substance exposure. We computed ND factor scores at three age points (8/9, 11 and 13/14 years) and found that both prenatal substance exposure and early adversity predicted ND. ...
journal_title：Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2012.04.014
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
