Abstract:
BACKGROUND:A recent systematic review observed that HIV prevalence amongst injectors is negligible (<1%) below a threshold HCV prevalence of 30%, but thereafter increases with HCV prevalence. We explore whether a model can reproduce these trends, what determines different epidemiological profiles and how this affects intervention impact. METHODS:An HIV/HCV transmission model was developed. Univariate sensitivity analyses determined whether the model projected a HCV prevalence threshold below which HIV is negligible, and how different behavioural and epidemiological factors affect the threshold. Multivariate uncertainty analyses considered whether the model could reproduce the observed breadth of HIV/HCV epidemics, how specific behavioural patterns produce different epidemic profiles, and how this affects an intervention's impact (reduces injecting risk by 30%). RESULTS:The model projected a HCV prevalence threshold, which varied depending on the heterogeneity in risk, mixing, and injecting duration in a setting. Multivariate uncertainty analyses showed the model could produce the same range of observed HIV/HCV epidemics. Variability in injecting transmission risk, degree of heterogeneity and injecting duration mainly determined different epidemic profiles. The intervention resulted in 50%/28% reduction in HIV incidence/prevalence and 37%/10% reduction in HCV incidence/prevalence over five years. For either infection, greater impact occurred in settings with lower prevalence of that infection and higher prevalence of the other infection. DISCUSSION:There are threshold levels of HCV prevalence below which HIV risk is negligible but these thresholds are likely to vary by setting. A setting's HIV and HCV prevalence may give insights into IDU risk behaviour and intervention impact.
journal_name
Drug Alcohol Dependjournal_title
Drug and alcohol dependenceauthors
Vickerman P,Martin NK,Hickman Mdoi
10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.10.032subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
122-31issue
1-3eissn
0376-8716issn
1879-0046pii
S0376-8716(11)00484-4journal_volume
123pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Contingency management (CM) is an efficacious intervention for reducing cigarette smoking. However, CM is rarely adopted as a smoking cessation treatment in the community. This study analyzed the effectiveness of a CM procedure in combination with a cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for smoking cessation ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.03.030
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effects of cocaine were examined prior to and during bupropion maintenance in nonopioid-dependent cocaine abusers. Prior to bupropion maintenance, subjects underwent an experimental session during which repeated cocaine doses (0, 50, 100 mg/70 kg) were administered intranasally. Then subjects were maintained on bu...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(00)00198-8
更新日期:2001-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Laboratory studies in which drugs of abuse are self- or experimenter-administered to non-treatment-seeking research volunteers provide valuable data about new pharmacotherapies for substance use disorders, as well as behavioral and performance data for understanding the neurobiology of drug abuse. This paper ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.015
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stimulant-dependent individuals (SDI) have abnormal brain metabolism and structural changes involving dopaminergic target areas important for the processing of time. These individuals are also more impulsive and impaired in working memory and attention. The current study tested whether SDI show altered temporal proces...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2007.03.005
更新日期:2007-10-08 00:00:00
abstract::Recent studies implied a possible involvement of the opioid system in the central nervous system (CNS) effects of cocaine. The present study was undertaken to determine specific alterations in opioid receptor binding following repeated exposure of guinea pigs to cocaine. Animals were treated with either saline or coca...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(93)90033-m
更新日期:1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective double-blind placebo-controlled trial of intramuscular Naftidrofuryl was carried out on 32 randomly selected hospitalized male alcoholic patients with clinical, biochemical and histological evidence of hepatic damage. Seventeen patients received the drug (40 mg in 5 ml i.m. three times daily for 6 days) ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期:1982-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ayahuasca is a psychoactive beverage used for magico-religious purposes in the Amazon. Recently, Brazilian syncretic churches have helped spread the ritual use of ayahuasca abroad. This trend has raised concerns that regular use of this N,N-dimethyltryptamine-containing tea may lead to the medical and psychosocial pro...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.03.024
更新日期:2010-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(92)90063-i
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A statistical analysis of the MAST scores obtained by its administration to industrial workers, hospitalized alcoholics and persons arrested driving while intoxicated has been performed. The author discusses the modalities and possibilities of improving the test reliability which will increase its efficiency in the sc...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(89)90064-1
更新日期:1989-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.05.001
更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Betel quid is a substance that commonly used among male labor in Taiwan, and the dependence potential has been reported in some studies, but no instrument has been developed specifically to assess areca/betel quid dependence. OBJECTIVE:To develop a reliable and valid research instrument/screening tool for t...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.07.027
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.10.002
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2014.07.038
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bath salts are designer drugs with stimulant properties that are a growing medical and psychiatric concern due to their widespread availability and use. Although the chemical compounds in the mixtures referred to as "bath salts" vary, many are derivatives of cathinone, a monoamine alkaloid. Cathinones have an affinity...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2013.06.016
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.07.1196
更新日期:2015-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.10.024
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Homeless men may be at particular risk for the negative health effects of substance use. This cross-sectional study investigates the individual and personal network risk factors associated with substance use in this vulnerable population. METHODS:Participants were a representative probability sample of 305 ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2011.04.011
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:This paper examines the relative importance of three religion variables (religious preference, religiosity, and alcohol proscription) and eight demographic variables (gender, ethnicity, education, income, marital status, age, region, and employment status) as statistical predictors of drinking versus abstenti...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2006.07.013
更新日期:2007-03-16 00:00:00
abstract::The literature on opium addiction in Asia reveals widely different sex ratios. Analysis of these reports indicates that community surveys provide the most reliable and valid ratios. Surveys in psychiatric hospitals appear to overreport women, while case registers and surveys in addiction treatment facilities, vends an...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(80)90451-2
更新日期:1980-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2016.08.632
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2010.11.007
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2018.05.016
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In 370 opioid-dependent patients included consecutively in a low-threshold methadone maintenance program, the effect of different variables on the retention rate was assessed. The variables included the patients' age, sex, family situation, employment status, length of heroin use, current route of drug consumption, pr...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(96)01230-6
更新日期:1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-infected people who use drugs (PWUD) have poor HIV outcomes. Few studies tested interventions to improve HIV outcomes among PWUD. Abstinence-reinforcing contingency management (CM) reduces drug use and could also improve HIV outcomes. METHODS:From 2012-2017, we conducted a randomized controlled trial te...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2020.108230
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2004.06.006
更新日期:2004-12-07 00:00:00
abstract::Halazepam administered chronically to dogs in oral doses of 180 and 450 mg/kg/day produced physical dependence which was revealed by a flumazenil precipitated abstinence syndrome and measured by the Nordiazepam Precipitated Abstinence Scale score (NPAS) (McNicholas et al., 1988; Sloan et al., 1990). This abstinence as...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0376-8716(91)90058-7
更新日期:1991-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2017.12.019
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.drugalcdep.2015.11.020
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(02)00315-0
更新日期:2003-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sequence of drug use was examined in a secondary analysis of two samples of serious drug users: one of 152 men and one of 133 women. The proportions of drug users following specified patterns of drug use onset were compared to proportions obtained in previous research in samples of high school youth, and serious drug ...
journal_title:Drug and alcohol dependence
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0376-8716(97)00032-x
更新日期:1997-05-02 00:00:00