Abstract:
:Opioid use in HIV infection has been associated with an increased frequency of neurological disease and cognitive impairment and vitamin A deficiency has been linked to progressive HIV disease in drug users. In this report the potential effects of these factors, alone and in combination, on gamma amino butyric acid (GABA)-expression interneurons in hippocampus in the HIV-1 transgenic rat (TG) model were studied. TG and wild-type (WT) F344 Fisher rats deficient in vitamin A from birth were implanted either with a 37.5 mg morphine tablet or with a matching placebo and total numbers of neurons and of parvalbumin+ neurons were quantitated and parvalbumin expression was quantitated in the CA1 hippocampal region of the rats. These studies showed that total neuronal numbers were decreased in the TG versus WT Fisher rats and that this decrease was enhanced by the vitamin A deficient diet and by treatment with morphine. In contrast, there was no significant change noted in numbers of parvalbumin+ neurons. However, levels of parvalbumin expression were decreased for vitamin A deficient and morphine-treated WT rats as compared to WT rats on the normal diet and placebo-treated WT rats. For TG rats, parvalbumin expression was higher for vitamin A deficient TG rats treated with either placebo or morphine than for WT vitamin A deficient rats treated with placebo, and placebo treated vitamin A deficient TG rats showed higher expression than morphine treated vitamin A deficient rats. Expression was also higher for vitamin A deficient morphine-treated rats than for the corresponding WT rat groups and for vitamin A deficient TG rats treated with placebo. For the remaining groups, parvalbumin was similar for the TG and WT rats. These findings suggest that in hippocampus vitamin A deficiency and morphine can increase parvalbumin expression, perhaps as a manifestation of a stress response. Parvalbumin-expressing GABA-ergic interneurons regulate the primary neuronal output from hippocampus that is important for memory and behavior. Therefore, these studies suggest that vitamin A deficiency and morphine might have effects that may impact such outputs and thereby have lasting effects on cognitive status.
journal_name
Curr HIV Resjournal_title
Current HIV researchauthors
Guo M,Bryant J,Sultana S,Jones O,Royal W 3rddoi
10.2174/157016212802138715subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-01 00:00:00pages
463-8issue
5eissn
1570-162Xissn
1873-4251pii
CHIVR-EPUB-20120511-8journal_volume
10pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV-1+ long-term nonprogressors (LTNPs) maintain natural control of viral infection. This study sought to identify and characterize HIV- LTNPs series case, regarding the presence of possible host factors that may be associated with this status. METHODS:We evaluated the plasma levels of IP-10/IL-8 chemokines...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X16666171206120024
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::To promote the initiation of reverse transcription, the HIV-1 virus uses a host tRNA as a primer, tRNA(3Lys). The annealing of tRNA(3Lys) to the viral RNA requires the breaking of the 3D structure of the tRNA and RNA rearrangements, to form a stable initiation complex recognised by the reverse transcriptase. The annea...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162053506919
更新日期:2005-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been known for decades that exogenous RNAs are able to induce cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTLs) and immunological reactivity to a wide variety of antigens. The molecular events responsible for these effects remain unclear for more than two decades. It has been decided to revisit this phenomenon in the light of new...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016205774370447
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The change in the prevalence of hypogonadism with age in men with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is subject to debate. OBJECTIVE:To address this issue, we diagnosed hypogonadism based on serum levels of free testosterone (fTST) rather than total testosterone which is thought to be an inaccurat...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200720000344
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is common in HIV-infected individuals. Liver biopsy remains the gold-standard procedure for the diagnosis of liver fibrosis, but both Transient Elastography (TE) and Non-invasive Biomarkers (NIBMs) have emerged as alternatives. OBJECTIVES:Our study's aim was to vali...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190809153245
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::An estimated 800,000 children acquired HIV-infection in 2002, most as a result of mother-to-child transmission (MTCT), and vertically-acquired HIV infection continues to be of major public health importance. Prevention of MTCT is possible with a combination of interventions including antiretroviral therapy (ART) (usua...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162033485140
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::In HIV-1 infected cells, over 40 different mRNA species are produced by alternative splicing of the single HIV-1 primary RNA transcript. In addition, approximately half of the HIV-1 primary RNA transcripts are not spliced and are exported to the cytoplasm where they serve as mRNA and as genomic RNA. In this article, w...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016206775197655
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) act as chemical enhancers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT dimerization. In the current study, we sought to define the role of key residues (101, 103, 108, 181, 188, 190, 225 and 318) in the NNRTI-bind...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016208783885065
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:China has implemented a nation-wide policy to control mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since 2011, yet the efficacy of the control policy is less studied. The aim of the present study was to report the data in the prevention of MTCT of HIV in Nantong city, China. ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200810134025
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:HIV lipodystrophy is characterised by abnormal adipose tissue distribution and metabolism, as a result of altered adipocyte function and gene expression. The protease inhibitor ritonavir is associated with the development of lipodystrophy. Quantifying changes in adipogenic gene expression in the presence of r...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150806110238
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Switch to unboosted atazanavir (ATV) is an attractive option due to convenience and tolerability in HIV-positive patients. With limited available data we investigated the determinants of long-term efficacy and the consequences of virological failure of unboosted atazanavir-based regimens. METHODS:Retrospective...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x12666140807151616
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interleukin 7 (IL7) is a critical factor for lymphocyte homeostasis. A dysfunction of the IL7/IL7R pathway has previously been described in HIV-1 infection, and promising results were observed in recent analyses of IL7 for therapeutic use in HIV infected individuals. However, further investigations are still warranted...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016212799937209
更新日期:2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vpr protein plays multiple roles in HIV-1 replication. In early infection, Vpr provides help in the nuclear localization of pre-integration complex. Subsequently, Vpr induces cell cycle arrest of infected cells at G2/M phase. Cell cycle arrest facilitates higher rate of viral...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016209787581508
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two HIV-1 non B isolates, 98US_MSC5007 and 98US_MSC5016, which have been identified amongst the US Army personnel serving abroad, are known to have originated from other nations. Notwithstanding, they are categorized as American strains. This is because their countries of origin are unknown. American isolates are basi...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x113119990046
更新日期:2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the HAART era Kaposi's sarcoma (KS) remains the second most frequent tumor in HIV-infected patients worldwide, and it has become the most common cancer in Sub-Saharan Africa. In western countries the risk for KS in men having sex with men (MSM) is 5 to 10 times higher compared to other groups of individuals practic...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016209789973619
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Some deficient genetic polymorphisms of the innate immune system have been correlated to a higher susceptibility to different infections, especially in immunocompromised patients. The possible association between an increased incidence of pneumococcal bacteremia in HIV-infected patients, and deficient polymo...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016209787581382
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Genetic variations in Human leukocyte antigen C (HLA-C), Zinc ribbon domain containing 1 (ZNRD1) and its antisense RNA (ZNRD1-AS1) genes are known to influence the HIV-1 replication and disease progression. OBJECTIVE AND METHOD:We evaluated the distribution of HLA-C (rs10484554, rs9264942) and ZNRD1 (rs8321...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X15666170511141741
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cytokines have been widely demonstrated to involve in the pathogenesis of AIDS and the mechanisms of antiretroviral therapy. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a new member of the IL-12 cytokine family and has been shown to interfere HIV-1 virus replication with controversial findings. This study is to investigate th...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X15666170517130339
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multiple factors have been previously described which could influence adherence to HAART. Our objective is to determine the fundamental factors which influence adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy in our population. METHODS:A cross-sectional study was made selecting 143 outpatients attending ou...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016206776055075
更新日期:2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the World Health Organization's 2007 estimates, close to 33 million people worldwide are living with HIV/AIDS. Over the past two decades, significant progress has been made in understanding HIV pathogenesis and disease progression, which has allowed the identification of a multitude of drug and vaccine ta...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016208785861159
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) represents one of the most common types of a non-AIDS-defining tumour that occurs in the HIV population, and its incidence is increasing in the post Highly Active Anti-retroviral Therapy (HAART) era. Despite the aggressiveness of that disease, the outcome of patients with HIV-HL has improved with...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016210790442704
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::To assess the correlation between HIV-1 RNA load in blood and semen by antiretroviral therapy status and the relative penetration of antiretroviral drugs in seminal plasma. We performed a cross-sectional cohort study of 119 HIV-1 subjects divided into three groups according to treatment status. Blood and semen were co...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016208785861177
更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective was to assess dietary intake and physical activity in a Canadian population sample of male patients with HIV and metabolic abnormalities and to compare the data to Canadian recommendations. Sixty-five HIV-infected men with at least one feature associated with the metabolic syndrome (insulin resistance, dysli...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016208783571973
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Manipur is one of the highest HIV prevalence states of India because of its geographical location at the international border near the golden triangle of South-East Asia, but no study on drug resistance associated mutations (DRAMs) has been reported yet. OBJECTIVE:A population-based study on DRAMs of HIV-1 ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x14666160401131426
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antiretroviral drug therapy has significantly improved the prognosis and life expectancy of people living with HIV over the years. But this progress comes with an important caveat that antiretroviral regimens generally require adherence to life-long, daily dosing, to keep viral multiplication under check. Non-adherenc...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200824104140
更新日期:2020-08-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Antiretroviral therapy (ART), especially with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF), has been associated with accelerated bone turnover and leads to significant bone loss. OBJECTIVE:We aimed to determine the effect of vitamin D2 and calcium on bone mineral density (BMD) in HIV-infected patients receiving TDF/...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 临床试验
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200106150806
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::VGV-1, a clinical-grade formulation of bovine thymus nuclear protein (TNP) has been demonstrated to possess anti-viral activity in HIV-1 patients in five clinical trials, one of which was placebo controlled double-blinded. However, to date molecular mechanisms remain to be identified. Using surface plasmon resonance w...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016208785132545
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since the beginning of the AIDS pandemic, and following the discovery of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) as the etiological agent of the disease, it was clear that the virus gains access to the human host predominantly through the mucosal tissue after sexual exposure. As a consequence, the female genital tract ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016212799304689
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mutation of the human immunodeficiency virus by host cells inhibits viral dissemination by creating non-functional variants. However, viral mutation does not always eliminate the ability of the virus to disseminate and, in fact, is thought to promote persistence by generating functional mutants that evade immunity or ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016208783571919
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::After the infusion of HIV-1 virus into a host cell, RNA is reverse transcribed to dsDNA, which persists intracellular to the infected cell in a variety of forms. Numerous in-house assays have been developed for the quantification of the different cellular HIV-1 DNA forms; these implement conventional or real-time PCR ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016209788348001
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00