Abstract:
:Antiretroviral drug therapy has significantly improved the prognosis and life expectancy of people living with HIV over the years. But this progress comes with an important caveat that antiretroviral regimens generally require adherence to life-long, daily dosing, to keep viral multiplication under check. Non-adherence to such dosing leads to decreased efficacy and increased drug resistance against antiretroviral drugs. Besides, poor drug penetration to certain tissues like CNS and lymph nodes leads to the build-up of viral reservoirs in these sites. To combat some of these challenges and improve patient compliance, long-acting antiretroviral drugs, are a new weapon in the arsenal, in the fight against HIV. Few long-acting preparations have been approved, and several others are in various clinical and preclinical stages of development. However, long-acting formulations also have their share of clinical issues like limited drug distribution, long term adverse drug reactions, drug-drug interactions, and gradual development of drug resistance. Modern technological premises are being tested to mitigate some of these problems. One such promising approach involves nanotechnological methods, which are being used to develop ultra-long acting formulations and drug delivery systems, targeting tissues with residual HIV concentration. Long-Acting Slow Effective Release Antiretroviral Therapy aka LASER ART, also builds on nanotechnology and prodrug modifications to design preparations with tailor-made favorable pharmacokinetics and wider drug distribution. These recent advances are fueling the progression of antiretroviral therapy towards eliminating the disease.
journal_name
Curr HIV Resjournal_title
Current HIV researchauthors
Labh R,Gupta Rdoi
10.2174/1570162X18666200824104140subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-08-23 00:00:00eissn
1570-162Xissn
1873-4251pii
CHR-EPUB-109437pub_type
杂志文章abstract::One of the major obstacles to effective prolonged CD8 T cell control over HIV and other latent infections may be the intrinsic, genetically programmed barrier to unlimited proliferation that is characteristic of all normal human somatic cells. Replicative senescence, characterized extensively in cell culture for a var...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162033485348
更新日期:2003-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether HIV-positive injecting drug users (IDUs) are at higher risk of developing drug resistance mutations (DRMs) after methadone maintenance therapy (MMT) than any other HIV-positive population is unclear. OBJECTIVE:To compare the incidence of new DRMs in two population groups: antiretroviraltreatment (AR...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200712173630
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) Vpr protein plays multiple roles in HIV-1 replication. In early infection, Vpr provides help in the nuclear localization of pre-integration complex. Subsequently, Vpr induces cell cycle arrest of infected cells at G2/M phase. Cell cycle arrest facilitates higher rate of viral...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016209787581508
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::A major focus of HIV-1 vaccine development has been directed towards a limited number of broadly conserved epitopes in the Envelope (Env) proteins that are sensitive neutralization targets in many primary isolates. However, evidence suggests that these epitopes are poorly immunogenic; similar antibodies are rarely pro...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016207782418470
更新日期:2007-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most new HIV infections in sub-Saharan Africa now occur in married and cohabiting couples, many of whom do not realize that only one of them may be infected with HIV. HIV-negative individuals living in stable HIV-discordant partnerships (in which one partner is HIV-infected while the other one is not) are twice as lik...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016210793499303
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies have demonstrated that nonnucleoside reverse transcriptase (RT) inhibitors (NNRTIs) act as chemical enhancers of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) RT dimerization. In the current study, we sought to define the role of key residues (101, 103, 108, 181, 188, 190, 225 and 318) in the NNRTI-bind...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016208783885065
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the study was to report the epidemiological profile of HIV-1 positive patients from, Istanbul, Turkey, which has one of the lowest HIV-1/AIDS prevalences in Europe. The patients were followed by ACTHIV-IST group which was established by the Infectious Diseases Departments of five teaching hospitals (three u...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x12666140411111803
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:There is scarce information about the molecular epidemiology of HIV-infection in Armenia (former USSR). The objective of this work was to estimate the distribution of HIV-1 subtypes in this country and get any information about HIV drug resistance in naÏve patients. DESIGN:A joint study involving 78 patients...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x13666150407142834
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neisseria gonorrhoeae (GC), a major cause of pelvic inflammatory disease, can facilitate HIV transmission. In response to GC infection, genital epithelial cells can produce cytokines, chemokines and defensins to modulate HIV infection and infectivity. GC can also induce the production of cytokines and chemokines in mo...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016212800618138
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::We recently described that the chloroxoquinolinic ribonucleoside 6-chloro-1,4-dihydro-4-oxo-1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl) quinoline-3-carboxylic acid (compound A) inhibits the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) enzyme reverse transcriptase (RT), and its replication in primary cells. Based on these findings, we per...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016209788347958
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Enteroaggregative Escherichia coli (EAEC) have been isolated from both HIV-positive and non-HIV diarrheal samples. In this study a collection of 18 isolates from these two groups were compared for biofilm formation and antibiotic resistance and for the presence of 14 virulence-related genes. All the HIV-positive and o...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x12666140207161000
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intensive antiretroviral therapy successfully suppresses viral replication but is unable to eradicate the virus. HIV persists in a small number of resting memory T cells where HIV has been transcriptionally silenced. This review will focus on recent insights into the HIV transcriptional control mechanisms that provide...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016211798998736
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antigenic variation, which is the result of amino acid substitution and genetic evolution, poses a major challenge in the development of vaccines against pathogens with unstable genomes, such as HIV-1 and Influenza. Thus, it is highly important to characterize the relationship of genetic evolution, antigenic variation...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016207779316305
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:HIV infection induces alterations in the gut-associated lymphoid tissue (GALT) that constitutes the most important site for viral replication due to the extensive presence of effector memory T-cells. In the case of HIV-controllers, several studies have reported fewer peripheral alterations and conserved immu...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190130115113
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has long been recognized that drug metabolism and drug toxicity may vary greatly between individuals, affecting both efficacy and toxicity. Pharmacogenetics could benefit HIV therapeutics because of the high prevalence of drug-related adverse events and the long term nature and complexity of combination therapy. In...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016208786501535
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is a global health burden which ultimately results in acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). There are multiple host factors which are capable of limiting HIV-1 replication. One of the most important host factors which inhibit HIV-1 DNA synthesis is the apoli...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X16666181018155827
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most of the HIV-infected long term survivors show strong CD8+ cell noncytotoxic antiviral response (CNAR) that plays as an important factor for maintaining the relative healthy state of infected individuals. HIV infected former blood donors (FBDs) in Anhui, China are the unique population that considered infected by t...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016209788680561
更新日期:2009-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this paper we report the study of tryptophan metabolism via serotonin in ventricular CSF in HIV-1 infection in order to investigate the origin of tryptophan metabolites in the human brain. The patients (n=4) were affected with non-communicating hydrocephalus. One of these also was suffering from HIV-1 infection. Th...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016207780077020
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Previous studies have developed methodologies for predicting the number of CD4+ cells from the total leukocyte and lymphocytes count based on mathematical methodologies, obtaining percentages of effectiveness prediction higher than 90% with a value of less than 5000 leukocytes. OBJECTIVE:To improve the meth...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190306125819
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains a significant threat to Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients that are not exposed to antiretroviral treatment. Although, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced deaths among infected individuals, emergence of drug resistance is gradually on...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666191004093433
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Among HIV positive patients, Fine needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) or biopsy for diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenopathy is often avoided due to an unspoken stigma. Earlier, we had developed a clinical scoring scale for the diagnosis of tuberculous lymphadenitis (TBLN), which had 88% sensitivity and detected no fals...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/157016206778560009
更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite decreasing rates of HIV among many populations, HIV-related health disparities among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men persist, with disproportional percentages of new HIV diagnoses among racial and ethnic minority men. Despite increasing awareness of HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrE...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X16666180730144455
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The development of pre-exposure prophylactics or microbicide products for the reduction or elimination of the sexual transmission of HIV has numerous challenges or barriers to success. Historically traditional dosage forms such as gels have been developed in the field but more recently controlled release dosage forms ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/157016212799304599
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human immunodeficiency virus has evolved several redundant mechanisms to remove its receptor, the CD4 molecule, from the cell surface. Indeed, HIV-1 encodes three proteins, Nef, Vpu and Env, that have a profound effect on CD4 trafficking and catabolism. Given this functional convergence, it is believed that cell surfa...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162043485086
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A vaccine able to elicit broadly neutralizing antibodies capable of blocking infection by global viruses has not been achieved, and remains a key public health challenge. OBJECTIVE:During infection, a robust strain-specific neutralizing response develops in most people, but only a subset of infected people ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162X15666171124122044
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:China has implemented a nation-wide policy to control mother-to-child transmission (MTCT) of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) since 2011, yet the efficacy of the control policy is less studied. The aim of the present study was to report the data in the prevention of MTCT of HIV in Nantong city, China. ...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X18666200810134025
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Superinfection is defined as infection by a second virus during an immunologic steady state, following infection by a primary virus. It is now well established that superinfection with HIV-1 occurs in humans. Detection of an increasing number of circulating recombinant forms, which result from infection of a cell by t...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.2174/1570162043351219
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study was to investigate if the supplementation with multistrain probiotics may be able to modulate T cell response in HIV-1 infected patients and to evaluate the anti-HIV activity of probiotic by studying fecal water (FW) samples. METHODS:Three HIV-1-positive patients (Pt1, Pt2 and Pt3) on l...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X17666190903230622
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Suboptimal adherence to antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a strong predictor of virologic failure (VF) among people with HIV. Various methods such as patient self-report, pill counts and pharmacy refills have been utilized to monitor adherence. However, there are limited data on the accuracy of combining metho...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162x1205141121102501
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cytokines have been widely demonstrated to involve in the pathogenesis of AIDS and the mechanisms of antiretroviral therapy. Interleukin 27 (IL-27) is a new member of the IL-12 cytokine family and has been shown to interfere HIV-1 virus replication with controversial findings. This study is to investigate th...
journal_title:Current HIV research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.2174/1570162X15666170517130339
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00