Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Transmitted drug resistance (TDR) remains a significant threat to Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infected patients that are not exposed to antiretroviral treatment. Although, combined antiretroviral therapy (cART) has reduced deaths among infected individuals, emergence of drug resistance is gradually on rise. OBJECTIVE:To determine the drug resistance mutations and subtypes of HIV-1 among pre-treatment patients in the Eastern Cape of South Africa. METHODS:Viral RNA was extracted from blood samples of 70 pre-treatment HIV-1 patients while partial pol gene fragment amplification was achieved with specific primers by RT-PCR followed by nested PCR and positive amplicons were sequenced utilizing ABI Prism 316 genetic sequencer. Drug resistance mutations (DRMs) analysis was performed by submitting the generated sequences to Stanford HIV drug resistance database. RESULTS:Viral DNA was successful for 66 (94.3%) samples of which 52 edited sequences were obtained from the protease and 44 reverse transcriptase sequences were also fully edited. Four major protease inhibitor (PI) related mutations (I54V, V82A/L, L76V and L90M) were observed in seven patients while several other minor and accessory PIs were also identified. A total of 11(25.0%) patients had NRTIs related mutations while NNRTIs were observed among 14(31.8%) patients. K103N/S, V106M and M184V were the most common mutations identified among the viral sequences. Phylogenetic analysis of the partial pol gene indicated all sequences clustered with subtype C. CONCLUSION:This study indicates that HIV-1 subtype C still predominates and responsible for driving the epidemic in the Eastern Cape of South Africa with slow rise in the occurrence of transmitted drug resistance.
journal_name
Curr HIV Resjournal_title
Current HIV researchauthors
Digban TO,Iweriebor BC,Obi LC,Nwodo U,Okoh AIdoi
10.2174/1570162X17666191004093433subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2019-01-01 00:00:00pages
335-342issue
5eissn
1570-162Xissn
1873-4251pii
CHR-EPUB-101172journal_volume
17pub_type
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