Can biofuels be a solution to climate change? The implications of land use change-related emissions for policy.

abstract：:The emergence of life on Earth (and elsewhere) must have occurred in a milieu that is far from equilibrium, such as at alkaline hydrothermal vents that would have harboured built-in gradients in temperature, redox potential and pH along with precipitated iron-bearing minerals capable of separating these gradients, con...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Ponce A

更新日期：2019-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose that fungi Basidiomycetes can be used as computing devices: information is represented by spikes of electrical activity, a computation is implemented in a mycelium network and an interface is realized via fruit bodies. In a series of scoping experiments, we demonstrate that electrical activity recorded on f...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Adamatzky A

更新日期：2018-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there has been a move away from the use of static in vitro two-dimensional cell culture models for testing the chemical safety and efficacy of drugs. Such models are increasingly being replaced by more physiologically relevant cell culture systems featuring dynamic flow and/or three-dimensional struct...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Hyndman L,McKee S,Mottram NJ,Singh B,Webb SD,McGinty S

更新日期：2020-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the predictions of game theory is that cooperative behaviours are vulnerable to exploitation by selfish individuals, but this result seemingly contradicts the survival of cooperation observed in nature. In this review, we will introduce game theoretical concepts that lead to this conclusion and show how the spa...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Lambert G,Vyawahare S,Austin RH

更新日期：2014-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Apart from interacting, prey and predators may also avoid each other by moving into refuges where they lack food, yet survive by switching to an energy-saving physiological state. Lotka-Volterra models of predator-prey interactions ignore this option. Therefore, we have modelled this game of 'joining versus opting out...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Staňková K,Abate A,Sabelis MW,Buša J,You L

更新日期：2013-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemoattractant gradients are usually considered in terms of sources and sinks that are independent of the chemotactic cell. However, recent interest has focused on 'self-generated' gradients, in which cell populations create their own local gradients as they move. Here, we consider the interplay between chemoattracta...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Mackenzie JA,Nolan M,Insall RH

更新日期：2016-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The development of bioadhesives inspired from marine animals is a promising approach to generate new tissue-compatible medical components. A number of marine species, through their adhesive properties, also represent significant foulers that become increasingly problematic to aquaculture, shipping or local biodiversit...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Pennati R,Rothbächer U

更新日期：2015-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:'Bioinspiration'-using phenomena in biology to stimulate research in non-biological science and technology-is a strategy that suggests new areas for research. Beyond its potential to nucleate new ideas, bioinspiration has two other interesting characteristics. It can suggest subjects in research that are relatively si...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Whitesides GM

更新日期：2015-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological variety and major evolutionary transitions suggest that the space of possible morphologies may have varied among lineages and through time. However, most models of phylogenetic character evolution assume that the potential state space is finite. Here, I explore what the morphological state space might be li...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Hoyal Cuthill JF

更新日期：2015-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biominerals are typically indispensable structures for their host organism in which they serve varying functions, such as mechanical support and protection, mineral storage, detoxification site, or as a sensor or optical guide. In this perspective article, we highlight the occurrence of both structural diversity and u...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Harris J,Böhm CF,Wolf SE

更新日期：2017-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Eukaryogenesis-the process by which the eukaryotic cell emerged-has long puzzled scientists. It has been assumed that the fossil record has little to say about this process, in part because important characters such as the nucleus and mitochondria are rarely preserved, and in part because the prevailing model of early...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Porter SM

更新日期：2020-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Dynamic remodelling of actin stress fibres (SFs) allows non-muscle cells to adapt to applied forces such as uniaxial cell shortening. However, the mechanism underlying rapid and selective disassembly of SFs oriented in the direction of shortening remains to be elucidated. Here, we investigated how myosin crossbridge c...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Matsui TS,Kaunas R,Kanzaki M,Sato M,Deguchi S

更新日期：2011-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The paper reviews two computing models by DNA self-assembly whose proof of principal have recently been experimentally confirmed. The first model incorporates DNA nano-devices and triple crossover DNA molecules to algorithmically arrange non-DNA species. This is achieved by simulating a finite-state automaton with out...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Jonoska N,Seeman NC

更新日期：2012-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The scattering strength of a random medium relies on the geometry and spatial distribution of its components as well as on their refractive index. Anisotropy can, therefore, play a major role in the optimization of the scattering efficiency in both biological and synthetic materials. In this study, we show that, by ex...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Jacucci G,Onelli OD,De Luca A,Bertolotti J,Sapienza R,Vignolini S

更新日期：2019-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Owls are an order of birds of prey that are known for the development of a silent flight. We review here the morphological adaptations of owls leading to silent flight and discuss also aerodynamic properties of owl wings. We start with early observations (until 2005), and then turn to recent advances. The large wings ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Wagner H,Weger M,Klaas M,Schröder W

更新日期：2017-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The combination of high strength and high toughness is a desirable feature that structural materials should display. However, while in the past, engineers had to compromise on either strength or toughness depending on the requested application, nowadays, new toughening strategies are available to provide strong materi...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Berardo A,Pantano MF,Pugno NM

更新日期：2016-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Biofuels production from microalgae attracts much attention but remains an unproven technology. We explore routes to enhance production through modifications to a range of generic microalgal physiological characteristics. Our analysis shows that biofuels production may be enhanced ca fivefold through genetic modificat...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Flynn KJ,Mitra A,Greenwell HC,Sui J

更新日期：2013-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The morphology of the toe epithelium of the rock frog, Staurois parvus (Family Ranidae), was investigated using a variety of microscopical techniques. The toe pad epithelium is stratified (four to five cell layers), the apical parts of the cells of the outermost layer being separated by fluid-filled channels. The surf...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Drotlef DM,Appel E,Peisker H,Dening K,Del Campo A,Gorb SN,Barnes WJ

更新日期：2015-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Multi-site enzymes, defined as where multiple substrate molecules can bind simultaneously to the same enzyme molecule, play a key role in a number of biological networks, with the Escherichia coli protease ClpXP a well-studied example. These enzymes can form a low latency 'waiting line' of substrate to the enzyme's ca...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Hochendoner P,Ogle C,Mather WH

更新日期：2014-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:How did people in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries account for sleep loss? This article answers this question through an in-depth analysis of the life-writings of six early modern women and men that suffered from periodic or persistent episodes of sleep loss. It focuses on the ways in which these health crises ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Handley S

更新日期：2020-06-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Yves Bouligand's analysis of the organizations of biological materials in relation to those of liquid crystals enabled the development of the idea that physical forces exerting their actions under strong spatial constraints determine the structures and morphologies of these materials. The different levels of organizat...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Charvolin J,Sadoc JF

更新日期：2012-10-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The Dual-Wavelength Echidna Lidar (DWEL), a full waveform terrestrial laser scanner (TLS), has been used to scan a variety of forested and agricultural environments. From these scanning campaigns, we summarize the benefits and challenges given by DWEL's novel coaxial dual-wavelength scanning technology, particularly f...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Li Z,Schaefer M,Strahler A,Schaaf C,Jupp D

更新日期：2018-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite there being many studies that have evaluated breast implant rupture, there is no consensus about causes and incidence. Most studies lack a multifactorial analysis of what causes breast implants to rupture. To fill this gap, an experimental protocol was developed to compare ruptured and intact Poly Implant Prot...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Ramião NG,Martins PS,Barroso ML,Santos DC,Fernandes AA

更新日期：2019-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Visual memory is crucial to navigation in many animals, including insects. Here, we focus on the problem of visual homing, that is, using comparison of the view at a current location with a view stored at the home location to control movement towards home by a novel shortcut. Insects show several visual specialization...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Stone T,Mangan M,Wystrach A,Webb B

更新日期：2018-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Ultrasound elastography is a technique used for clinical imaging of tissue stiffness with a conventional ultrasound machine. It was first proposed two decades ago, but active research continues in this area to the present day. Numerous clinical applications have been investigated, mostly related to cancer imaging, and...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Treece G,Lindop J,Chen L,Housden J,Prager R,Gee A

更新日期：2011-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, there have been significant advances in our understanding of the functions of mitochondrial complex I other than the generation of energy. These include its role in generation of reactive oxygen species, involvement in the hypoxic tissue response and its possible regulation by nitric oxide (NO) metabo...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Galkin A,Moncada S

更新日期：2017-04-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A tumour is a heterogeneous population of cells that competes for limited resources. In the clinic, we typically probe the tumour by biopsy, and then characterize it by the dominant genetic clone. But genotypes are only the first link in the chain of hierarchical events that leads to a specific cell phenotype. The rel...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Gallaher J,Anderson AR

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Nanoparticles do not exist in thermodynamical equilibrium because of high surface free energy, thus they have only kinetic stability. Spontaneous changes can be delayed by designed surface coating. In biomedical applications, superparamagnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (SPIONs) require an optimized coating in order to ...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Tombácz E,Farkas K,Földesi I,Szekeres M,Illés E,Tóth IY,Nesztor D,Szabó T

更新日期：2016-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:A computational model of the outer hair cell (OHC) of the mammalian cochlea is presented. It addresses the way in which movement of ions controls the cell shape and regulates pH. The model takes into account the possible chloride-bicarbonate exchange function of prestin, a protein highly expressed in the plasma membra...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： West T,Ashmore J

更新日期：2014-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We construct the components for a family of computational models of the electrophysiology of the human foetal heart from 60 days gestational age (DGA) to full term. This requires both cell excitation models that reconstruct the myocyte action potentials, and datasets of cardiac geometry and architecture. Fast low-angl...

journal_title：Interface focus

authors： Pervolaraki E,Anderson RA,Benson AP,Hayes-Gill B,Holden AV,Moore BJ,Paley MN,Zhang H

更新日期：2013-04-06 00:00:00