Abstract:
:About a century ago Otto Warburg observed that tumor cells exhibited increased glycolysis despite the presence of oxygen and stated this metabolic shift to glycolysis as the origin of cancer cell. In the meantime it has become clear, that the altered glucose metabolism is only one piece of the tumor metabolome puzzle. In addition, amino acid, lipid and adenosine metabolism are adapted to fulfill the tumors needs for energy and generation of building blocks such as lipids and nucleotides for new cell structures. The altered tumor metabolism leads to accumulation of specific metabolites in the tumor environment and creates a favorable milieu for tumor growth, progression and metastasis. These tumor-derived metabolites are important players in immune escape mechanisms beside other known factors such as cytokines, chemokines and growth factors. A variety of metabolites re-educate immune cells and prevent an effective immune response against tumor cells. Furthermore, tumor infiltrating immune cells support tumor growth by the secretion of cytokines, growth factors and other metabolic determinants. Hence, a complex interplay of tumor metabolites, cytokines and stromal factors is active in tumors and facilitates their establishment and growth. Pharmacological blockade of tumor metabolites could overcome some limitations of cancer treatment and rescue the endogenous immune response against tumor cells.
journal_name
Semin Cancer Bioljournal_title
Seminars in cancer biologyauthors
Gottfried E,Kreutz M,Mackensen Adoi
10.1016/j.semcancer.2012.02.009subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-08-01 00:00:00pages
335-41issue
4eissn
1044-579Xissn
1096-3650pii
S1044-579X(12)00045-4journal_volume
22pub_type
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