Abstract:
:Clinical pharmacologists in universities play major roles in research and teaching and provide important contributions to National Health Service (NHS) activities, such as work for research ethics, drug and therapeutics, and clinical governance committees. Their research extends from preclinical studies using drugs to understand physiology and the mechanisms of disease to large-scale clinical trials and population studies. This work is truly translational, with a focus on drugs and medicines and an emphasis on efficacy and safety. The lack of an organ base has allowed clinical pharmacologists to follow their interests wherever they lead, but their visibility has been hampered by successive earlier versions of the General Medical Council's Tomorrow's Doctors document, which undermined some of the necessary scientific underpinning of medical practice and reduced the time clinical pharmacologists had to interact with medical students and recently qualified doctors at the point of choosing their careers. Additional problems have arisen from the stifling effect of the European Union Clinical Trials Directive, and its UK interpretation, on clinical research. For future success, clinical pharmacologists need to embrace translational research, use recent changes to Tomorrow's Doctors, linked to the creation of safe prescribing skills, to spend more face-to-face time with their students, fight for a simplification and proportionate regulation of research, and persuade doctors, health service planners and the government of the importance of clinical pharmacology for UK clinical research, the NHS, patient safety and creation of health and wealth.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Webb DJdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04228.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-06-01 00:00:00pages
874-7issue
6eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125journal_volume
73pub_type
杂志文章abstract::1. Labetalol, a new drug combining alpha-and beta-adrenoceptor blocking properties, has been compared with placebo in a double-blind crossover study of a group of patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (blood pressure 150/100 to 189/114 mmHg). 2. Labetalol and propranolol lowered blood pressure satisfac...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb00898.x
更新日期:1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Medication errors are common in general practice and in hospitals. Both errors in the act of writing (prescription errors) and prescribing faults due to erroneous medical decisions can result in harm to patients. 2. Any step in the prescribing process can generate errors. Slips, lapses, or mistakes are sources of e...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03425.x
更新日期:2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The new converting enzyme inhibitor RHC 3659 was tested in 15 male volunteers. The study consisted of two parts: first, the ability of a single oral dose (5, 10, 20, 40 or 80 mg) to inhibit the pressor response to exogenous angiotensin I was tested with blood pressure and heart rate monitored continuously through an...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01327.x
更新日期:1981-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The metabolism of [3H]ethinyloestradiol (EE2) was investigated in six male subjects who had been phenotyped with respect to sparteine metabolism (three metabolizers and three non-metabolizers). Urinary metabolite profiles of EE2 were virtually identical. Following enzyme hydrolysis of sulphate and glucuronide conjugat...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02511.x
更新日期:1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To describe age- and gender-related prescription patterns of diuretics in community-dwelling elderly, and to compare diuretics to other cardiovascular (CV) medications. METHODS:Cross-sectional study of patient-specific prescription data derived from a panel of 10 Dutch community pharmacies. Determination of propo...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1998.00793.x
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:Characterization of the biliary disposition of GSK1325756, using a non-invasive bile sampling technique and spectrometric analyses, to inform the major routes of metabolic elimination and to enable an assessment of victim drug interaction risk. METHOD:Sixteen healthy, elderly subjects underwent non-invasive bile c...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2012.04352.x
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To investigate the safety, tolerability, pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of the highly selective oral p38alpha/beta mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinase inhibitor Org 48,775-0 in a first-in-human study. METHODS:In the single ascending dosing (SAD) study, an oral dose of Org 48,775-0 (0.3-600 mg) was evalua...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.14655
更新日期:2020-11-17 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Canagliflozin is a recently approved drug for use in the treatment of type 2 diabetes. The potential for canagliflozin to cause clinical drug-drug interactions (DDIs) was assessed. METHODS:DDI potential of canagliflozin was investigated using in vitro test systems containing drug metabolizing enzymes or transport...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.13186
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The elimination of antipyrine was investigated before and after intravenous administration of haem arginate (3 mg haem kg-1 day-1 on three or four successive days) to six patients with variegate porphyria in remission. 2. Haem arginate decreased the faecal content of protoporphyrin from 557 +/- 91 to 118 +/- 32 (me...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05315.x
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Human common palmar digital arteries and dorsal metacarpal veins have been studied in vitro to investigate the responses of arterial and venous muscle to hydrallazine, diazoxide, nitroprusside and sodium nitrite. 2 Tissues were removed at autopsy, cut into helical strips and suspended in organ baths under identical ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1981.tb01102.x
更新日期:1981-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To compare the effects of two long-acting calcium antagonists of different types on cardiovascular stress responses in hypertension. METHODS:One-hundred and forty-five patients with mild to moderate hypertension and a mean (+/- s.e.mean) age of 51 +/- 0.9 years received for 8 weeks the phenylalkylamine verapamil ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01507.x
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To assess the relative contribution of intestinal and hepatic CYP3A inhibition to the interaction between the prototypic CYP3A substrate midazolam and clarithromycin in the elderly. METHODS:On day 1, 16 volunteers (eight male, eight female) aged 65-75 years weighing 59-112 kg received simultaneous doses of midazol...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02970.x
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To compare the disposition of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine enantiomers in the mother, foetus and infant. METHODS:Blood from pregnant women taking fluoxetine (n = 9), during pregnancy was sampled in the third trimester and at delivery (maternal and cord venous blood), and from the infants 48 h after delivery. The ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02538.x
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The effects of a single oral dose of enalapril 10 mg on serum ACE activity and blood pressure in relation to the ACE genotype were studied in 27 healthy men, n = 9 each of genotype DD, ID and II, in a parallel group study design. 2. Before treatment serum ACE activity differed significantly between the genotypes, w...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04419.x
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Graft spasm may develop during coronary artery bypass grafting and reversal of spasm is still challenging. The purpose of this study was to investigate the in vitro vascular relaxant properties of AJ-2615 in human internal mammary artery (IMA). METHODS:We studied 264 IMA rings taken from 65 patients undergoing co...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.0306-5251.2001.01444.x
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The antitussive properties of bronchodilators were evaluated in a total of 47 normal volunteers. 2. Cough was induced by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized solutions of distilled water and hypotonic saline. 3. Inhaled fenoterol hydrobromide (360 micrograms; 20 volunteers) and inhaled ipratropium bromide (72 mic...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03204.x
更新日期:1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The kinetics of flecainide after single intravenous (2 mg kg-1) and oral (200 mg) dosing, absolute bioavailability, effects of food and aluminium hydroxide on flecainide absorption and steady-state kinetics following twice daily oral dosing (200 mg) have been evaluated in ten healthy subjects. Absolute bioavailability...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02892.x
更新日期:1986-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The absorption kinetics of orally administered strontium chloride and its reproducibility were investigated in healthy volunteers after administering strontium either under fasting conditions (study I, n = 8) or in combination with a standardized meal (study II, n = 8). Each subject received strontium orally at day...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.33411.x
更新日期:1996-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:To study the impact of risperidone (RISP) on clozapine (CLZ) biotransformation in vitro in microsomal fractions containing varying expression of CYP oxidases and in vivo in patients. METHODS:Human liver microsomes (n= 11) were assessed for expression of CYPs 1A2, 2D6 and 3A4, because these enzymes mediate RISP an...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03476.x
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:The cytochrome P450 enzyme CYP2C9 catalyses the 4'-hydroxylation of the nonsteroidal analgesic drug diclofenac in humans. We studied the influences of the known amino acid variants, CYP2C9*2 (Arg144Cys) and CYP2C9*3 (Ile359Leu), on diclofenac pharmacokinetics after a 50-mg oral dose of diclofenac in healthy volunt...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01712.x
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 Roth et al. (1972) have proposed that within the affective disorders there are two distinct syndromes--anxiety and depression--differentiated by the relative predominance of these symptoms, the presence or absence of premorbid maladaptive traits, and the natural outcome of the disorder. 2 Goldberg (1982) on the othe...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb05859.x
更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT * Dihydropyrimidine dehydrogenase (DPD) is the enzyme responsible for the elimination of approximately 80% of the administered dose of 5-fluorouracil (5-FU). * Mutations in the DPD-coding gene have been shown to increase the risk of severe toxicity in 5-FU treated patients. * T...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03683.x
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To investigate the effect of sepsis upon the volume of distribution (Vd) of gentamicin in neonates. METHODS:A retrospective chart review was conducted of neonates admitted to Dunedin Hospital who had gentamicin concentrations performed between 1st January 2000 and 30th October 2003. Data from 277 neonates, includi...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02260.x
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIMS:Although genetic, clinical and demographic factors have been shown to explain approximately half of the inter-individual variability in warfarin dose requirement in adults, less is known about causes of dose variability in children. This study aimed to identify and quantify major genetic, clinical and demographic ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/bcp.12308
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. The dose-peak effect relationship of lisinopril was evaluated in a double-blind, parallel study in 83 patients with mild to moderate essential hypertension (supine diastolic blood pressure = 95-115 mm Hg). 2. After a 4 week placebo washout, patients were randomly assigned to one of four treatments: lisinopril 2.5, ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb03342.x
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::1 The bronchodilating efficacy and the degree of beta2-adrenoceptor selectivity of rimiterol, salbutamol and isoprenaline were determined in seven subjects who exhibited histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. 2 Rimiterol, 0.5 (high dose) and 0.05 (low dose) mug kg-1 min-1, salbutamol, 0.3 and 0.03 mug kg-1 min-1, isop...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00470.x
更新日期:1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Eight healthy normal subjects (19-23 years) received graded intravenous isoprenaline infusions PRE- and POST-atropine, 0.04 mg/kg i.v. The adequacy of atropinization was tested with bolus intravenous injections of phenylephrine. PRE-atropine, isoprenaline caused an increase in heart rate and systolic pressure, but a d...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02469.x
更新日期:1984-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of morphine, morphine-3-glucuronide (M3G) and morphine-6-glucuronide (M6G) were measured by h.p.l.c. in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) samples from 16 patients with cancer receiving oral (controlled-release) morphine. There was a close correlation between plasma and CSF morphine concentrations (r ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04352.x
更新日期:1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::1. Eight volunteers received in randomized order two 30 microliters drops of either 1% w/v cyclopentolate hydrochloride or a corresponding amount of cyclopentolate polygalacturonate in saline or in acetate buffer in one eye. Cyclopentolate concentrations in plasma were measured by a radioreceptor assay. 2. Peak plasma...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04173.x
更新日期:1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of scopolamine administered transdermally for the treatment of drooling in severely disabled patients. METHODS:A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed. The study group consisted of 30 handicapped patients with persistent drooling. ...
journal_title:British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03659.x
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00