Abstract：
AIM:To evaluate the efficacy of scopolamine administered transdermally for the treatment of drooling in severely disabled patients.
METHODS:A prospective, randomized, double-blind, crossover, placebo-controlled clinical trial was designed. The study group consisted of 30 handicapped patients with persistent drooling. The exclusion criteria were the specific contra-indications of scopolamine. Severity of drooling was quantified using a modified Thomas-Stonell and Greenberg visual scale simplified into three grades: 1 = dry; 2 = mild/moderate; 3 = severe/fulsome. The frequency of drooling was estimated using the number of bibs used each day. The baseline observational phase was followed by the application of a 1.5 mg scopolamine (Scopoderm TTS; Novartis Consumer Healthcare, UK) or placebo patch every 72 h for a fortnight. This was followed by a 1 week washout period and then crossover of assignments for 2 weeks.
RESULTS:At baseline, 77% of patients showed grade 3 of drooling. The placebo administration showed no significant reduction in drooling. We found a significant drooling reduction (P < 0.005) in the scopolamine group in the 1 and 2 week controls (69% and 80% respectively journal_name journal_title authors doi subject pub_date pages issue eissn issn pii journal_volume pub_type
abstract：AIMS:Aprepitant and fosaprepitant, commonly used for the prevention of chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting, alter cytochrome P450 activity. This systematic review evaluates clinically significant pharmacokinetic drug interactions with aprepitant and fosaprepitant and describes adverse events ascribed to drug inter...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.13322
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In a randomised crossover study in volunteers plasma midazolam levels were estimated for 24 h following 15 mg by mouth, either preceded by no medication or following 24 h therapy with ranitidine. Administration of the H2-receptor blocker significantly increased bioavailability of the benzodiazepine and resulted in hig...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01559.x
更新日期：1983-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To estimate the rates of common adverse events in patients treated with the proton pump inhibitors omeprazole, lansoprazole and pantoprazole in general practice in England. METHODS:In prescription-event monitoring cohort studies, data on dispensed prescriptions prescribed by general practitioners in England soon ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2000.00262.x
更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To investigate the effect of multiple dosing with montelukast, a selective leukotriene-receptor antagonist, on the pharmacokinetics of rosiglitazone, a CYP2C8 substrate, in humans. METHODS:A two-period, randomized crossover study was conducted in 10 healthy subjects. After administration of oral doses of placebo ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02764.x
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Methods of expressing the effects of beta-adrenoceptor blocking drugs on exercise heart rate have been evaluated using a standardised exercise test. In six normal subjects given atropine (0.04 mg/kg) on two separate occasions, the mean +/- s.e. mean exercise heart rate rose by 10.3 +/- 1.8 beats/min and by 11.0 +/- 1....
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1976.tb00348.x
更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulating drugs does not end when market access has been granted. Monitoring drugs over the life cycle has become state of the art, inherent to evolving legislation and societal need. Here, we explore how the drug label could move along in a changing playing-field and become a sustainable label for the future. A dial...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14070
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The bronchodilating efficacy and the degree of beta2-adrenoceptor selectivity of rimiterol, salbutamol and isoprenaline were determined in seven subjects who exhibited histamine-induced bronchoconstriction. 2 Rimiterol, 0.5 (high dose) and 0.05 (low dose) mug kg-1 min-1, salbutamol, 0.3 and 0.03 mug kg-1 min-1, isop...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1975.tb00470.x
更新日期：1975-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma and synovial fluid concentrations of the enantiomers of flurbiprofen were measured in 15 rheumatoid patients receiving 100 mg racemic flurbiprofen twice daily. Pharmacokinetic parameters showed considerable variability within the group of patients, although differences in S(+)/R(-) plasma concentration ratios w...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1991.tb03865.x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The present study aimed to evaluate the associations between medication use and falls and to identify high risk medications that acted as a trigger for the onset of falls in an acute care hospital setting. METHODS:We applied a case-crossover design wherein cases served as their own controls and comparisons were m...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03613.x
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to elucidate the mechanisms by which beta-adrenoceptor blockade leads to a reduction in portal pressure, we have measured portal pressure, heart rate and cardiac index in 17 patients with cirrhosis and portal hypertension following the oral administration of the selective beta 2-adrenoceptor blocking agent, I...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb02413.x
更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The absorption of ciprofloxacin from different regions of the human gastrointestinal tract was investigated in four healthy males using a remote-controlled drug delivery device (hf-capsule). 2. Significant differences in AUC were observed in the control study (oral administration of ciprofloxacin solution without t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03740.x
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The pharmacokinetics of voriconazole show a nonlinear dose-exposure relationship caused by inhibition of its own CYP3A-dependent metabolism. Because the magnitude of autoinhibition also depends on voriconazole concentrations, infusion rate might modulate voriconazole exposure. The impact of four different infusion...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13297
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since many factors may alter lung epithelial permeability (LEP) to water soluble molecules, the effect of histamine on the absorption and clearance of inhaled sodium cromoglycate was examined in seven mildly asthmatic patients with hyperresponsive airways and eight normal subjects. The subjects underwent histamine cha...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1992.tb04048.x
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Plasma melatonin was used to determine overall beta-adrenergic transmission through pineal neuro-effector junctions during desmethylimipramine (DMI) treatment in 10 normal subjects. Changes in plasma melatonin indicated that an initial increase in noradrenaline (NA) transmission produced by DMI was counteracted by ada...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb02717.x
更新日期：1985-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Previously, we determined the phenotyping of in vivo nicotine metabolism and the genotyping of the CYP2A6 gene (CYP2A6*1 A, CYP2A6*1B, CYP2A6*2, CYP2A6*3, CYP2A6*4 and CYP2A6*5 ) in 92 Japanese and 209 Koreans. In the study, we found one Korean and four Japanese subjects genotyped as CYP2A6*1B/CYP2A6*4 who reveale...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2002.01667.x
更新日期：2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a single green tea (GT), administered concomitantly or 1 hour before nadolol intake on nadolol pharmacokinetics. METHODS:In a randomized 3-phase crossover study, 11 healthy volunteers received an oral administration of nadolol with, or 1 hour after preingest...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14315
更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of policy interventions - i.e. reimbursement decisions, guidelines and regional recommendations - on the prescribing of oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:Interrupted time series analyses were carried out using mont...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13150
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Responses of human bronchial strip preparations to contractile and relaxant agonists were measured in preparations from non-diseased and from asthmatic lung obtained 3-15 h post-mortem. The potencies of carbachol and histamine were approximately two times less in asthmatic than in non-diseased bronchi. This was statis...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02956.x
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Therapeutic drug monitoring of infliximab can guide clinical decisions in patients with loss of response and in those who can benefit from a de-intensification. The aim of this study was to determine the impact of therapeutic drug monitoring combined with Bayesian forecasting methodology on clinical response in a ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14410
更新日期：2020-06-03 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Dichloroacetate (DCA) is a promising treatment for lactic acidosis complicating severe malaria. The pharmacokinetics, pharmacodynamics and toxicity of dichloroacetate were evaluated in 11 patients with severe malaria, and their lactate responses compared with nine control patients in an open-label prospective study....
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1996.tb00155.x
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 The heart rate responses to increasing doses of isoprenaline (n = 6) (during infusion with atropine 0.5 mg/min i.v.) and noradrenaline (n = 5), (during infusion with phentolamine 160 mg/h i.v.) were recorded before and after the intravenous administration of propranolol (15 mg) or metoprolol (15 mg). 2 In the doses ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01911.x
更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To evaluate safety, tolerability and pharmacokinetics of oral PF-05190457, an oral ghrelin receptor inverse agonist, in healthy adults. METHODS:Single (SAD) and multiple ascending dose (MAD) studies were randomised, placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. Thirty-five healthy men (age 38.2 ± 10.4 years; body mass...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/bcp.13127
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Many studies from around the world show a correlation between increasing age and adverse drug reaction (ADR) rate, at least for some medical conditions. More than 80% of ADRs causing admission or occurring in hospital are type A (dose-related) in nature, and thus predictable from the known pharmacology of the drug and...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01875.x
更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Spirometry, plethysmography and impulse oscillometry (IOS) measure different aspects of lung function. These methods have not been compared for their ability to assess long- and short-acting anticholinergic agents. We therefore performed a double-blind, placebo-controlled, four-way cross-over study in 30 healthy s...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2006.02594.x
更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of intranasal (IN) and oral 1-deamino-8-D-arginine vasopressin (DDAVP) were compared in 10 Chinese adults with central diabetes insipidus previously controlled on IN DDAVP. This was followed by comparison of the acute pharmacodynamics of commonly used oral preparations (con...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1996.39914.x
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A possible route of metabolism of beta-adrenoceptor stimulating drugs used in obstetrics consists of conjugation by the enzyme phenol sulphotransferase. The substrate specificities of the platelet and the placental enzymes towards these drugs were tested. The specific activities of the beta-adrenoceptor agonists were ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1984.tb05009.x
更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Infection-induced inflammation is associated with adverse long-term outcomes in preterm infants. Pentoxifylline (PTX) is a candidate for adjunct immunomodulatory therapy in preterm infants with late-onset sepsis (LOS) and necrotizing enterocolitis (NEC), but pharmacokinetic data in this population are extremely li...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13775
更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When using biopsy pathology in clinical pharmacology to assess drug efficacy in the gastrointestinal tract, a number of questions must be answered: Is the biopsy necessary or more effective than macroscopic views by endoscopy? Can we extract maximal information from the specimen? Are there surrogate serum or other mar...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2003.01981.x
更新日期：2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Caffeine (5 mg kg-1) was administered orally to two healthy, non-smoking subjects on three separate occasions--before, and during therapy with the xanthine oxidase inhibitor allopurinol at doses of either 300 or 600 mg daily. Plasma and urinary levels of methylxanthines, endogenous oxypurines and allopurinol and its m...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb05222.x
更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The pharmacokinetics of physostigmine were investigated in a three-way cross-over design in six healthy, male volunteers comparing a physostigmine transdermal system (PTS), an oral solution and an i.v. infusion. 2. A single application of the patch over 24 h produced detectable plasma drug concentrations after a me...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04410.x
更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00
