Abstract：
AIM:To investigate the effect of sepsis upon the volume of distribution (Vd) of gentamicin in neonates. METHODS:A retrospective chart review was conducted of neonates admitted to Dunedin Hospital who had gentamicin concentrations performed between 1st January 2000 and 30th October 2003. Data from 277 neonates, including a total of 576 gentamicin concentrations, were included in the pharmacokinetic analysis. Fifteen (5.4%) of the neonates had confirmed sepsis. Pharmacokinetic analyses were performed with NONMEM using a one compartment first order elimination model. Duration of infusion (D) was included as a parameter in the model. Covariates included sepsis (SEP), chronological age, gestational age (GA), birth weight, current weight, gender, Apgar score at 1 (AP1) and 5 (AP2) minutes, plasma C-reactive protein and serum creatinine. RESULTS:The initial model provided a mean estimates of clearance (CL) of 0.0460 l kg(-1) h(-1), volume of distribution (Vd) of 0.483 l kg(-1) and D of 0.748 h. The magnitudes of interpatient variability, expressed as CV%, were 29.2% for CL, 20.8% for Vd and 71.5% for D. The magnitude of residual variability in gentamicin concentrations was 88.0%. The final pharmacokinetic model was: CL = (0.0177 + 0.00147.(GA-20) + 0.000635.AP2) l kg(-1) h(-1), Vd = (0.483 +0.0656. sepsis) l kg(-1), D = 0.672 h. The interpatient variability (CV%) was 22.8% for CL, 22.8% for Vd and 97.7% for D. The magnitude of residual variability in gentamicin concentrations was 83.3%. CONCLUSIONS:The 14% increase in Vd in septic neonates implies that larger doses may be required to achieve peak therapeutic concentrations in the presence of sepsis. D is an important parameter in neonatal pharmacokinetic models.
journal_name
Br J Clin Pharmacoljournal_title
British journal of clinical pharmacologyauthors
Lingvall M,Reith D,Broadbent Rdoi
10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02260.xkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
54-61issue
1eissn
0306-5251issn
1365-2125pii
BCP2260journal_volume
59pub_type
杂志文章abstract：AIMS:The role of CYP pharmacogenetics in the bioactivation of cyclophosphamide is still controversial. Recent clinical studies have suggested a role for either CYP2C19 or CYP2B6. The aim of this study was to clarify the role of these pharmacogenes. METHODS:We used a combined in vitro-in vivo approach to determine the ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03789.x
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Regulating drugs does not end when market access has been granted. Monitoring drugs over the life cycle has become state of the art, inherent to evolving legislation and societal need. Here, we explore how the drug label could move along in a changing playing-field and become a sustainable label for the future. A dial...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.14070
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The antitussive properties of bronchodilators were evaluated in a total of 47 normal volunteers. 2. Cough was induced by inhalation of ultrasonically nebulized solutions of distilled water and hypotonic saline. 3. Inhaled fenoterol hydrobromide (360 micrograms; 20 volunteers) and inhaled ipratropium bromide (72 mic...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1987.tb03204.x
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have studied the effects of chlormethiazole and diazepam given orally on the ventilatory and mouth occlusion pressure (P0.1) responses to CO2 in a placebo controlled study in 10 healthy volunteers. Diazepam 10 mg produced a significant reduction in both the ventilatory and P0.1 responses to CO2, and this was not as...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1988.tb05266.x
更新日期：1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ouabain inhibits endothelium-dependent vascular relaxation in vitro, but has not been studied in this regard in vivo. We have therefore measured blood flow responses to carbachol, bradykinin and sodium nitroprusside (endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent vasodilators) infused into the brachial artery with ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The plasma concentration-response relationships of oral and intravenous pindolol and propranolol have been studied in a group of eight healthy male subjects who received each dosage form in a randomized single-blind cross-over manner. Despite similar elimination half-lives, the duration of action of pindolol was longe...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1985.tb05088.x
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Cimetidine has been reported to reduce serum calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in primary hyperparathyroidism, but some studies have reported negative findings. 2 A double-blind, controlled trial of cimetidine in this condition was, therefore, conducted. Eight patients were given cimetidine and placebo fo...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb04960.x
更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Previous pharmacokinetic characterization of a transporter probe cocktail containing digoxin (P-gp), furosemide (OAT1, OAT3), metformin (OCT2, MATE1, MATE2-K) and rosuvastatin (OATP1B1, OATP1B3, BCRP) in healthy subjects showed increases in rosuvastatin systemic exposure compared to rosuvastatin alone. In this tri...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/bcp.13609
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.02990.x
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The in vitro metabolism of omeprazole was studied in human liver microsomes in order to define the secondary metabolic pathways and identify the cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoforms responsible for the formation of the secondary metabolites of omeprazole. 2. The major secondary omeprazole metabolite was the hydroxysulpho...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1994.tb04310.x
更新日期：1994-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The aim was to examine patients' stated preferences to persist with medicines and to explore the influence of psychosocial and sociocognitive factors. METHODS:Community-dwelling, hypertensive patients recruited from nine European countries were invited to complete a discrete choice experiment (DCE) with attributes...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.12971
更新日期：2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:Inherited polymorphisms of codons 16, 27, and 164 of the beta2-adrenergic receptor (B2AR) gene may result in significantly changed functions of this receptor. The aim of the present study was to investigate the frequencies of the main mutations of the B2AR gene in Turks. METHODS:A group of 104 unrelated Turkish s...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.1999.00082.x
更新日期：1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:To determine the frequency with which the selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) antidepressants are used as add-on therapy to the tricyclic antidepressants (TCA) rather than as replacement therapy. METHODS:The data analysed were profiles of prescription records by date of supply to the patient. From with...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1365-2125.2001.01319.x
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Twelve-week courses of oxprenolol and methyldopa were administered in a randomised, double-blind cross over study to ten insulin dependent hypertensive diabetics. 2 Prior to treatment, and at the end of each period of drug administration, fasting levels of high density lipoprotein, triglycerides, free fatty acids an...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1982.tb01360.x
更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:To review the literature on adverse drug reactions (ADRs) in children with respect to occurrence, seriousness, type, therapeutic group, age and gender of the child and category of reporter. METHODS:Medline and Embase databases were searched from origin and updated until February 2010. We included empirically based...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2010.03682.x
更新日期：2010-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. The absorption of ciprofloxacin from different regions of the human gastrointestinal tract was investigated in four healthy males using a remote-controlled drug delivery device (hf-capsule). 2. Significant differences in AUC were observed in the control study (oral administration of ciprofloxacin solution without t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03740.x
更新日期：1990-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Attitudes of doctors to the Committee on Safety of Medicines' (CSM) adverse drug reaction (ADR) reporting scheme were investigated in order to assess their understanding of the purposes of the scheme and to identify reasons for failing to report suspected adverse drug reactions. 2. A postal questionnaire and letter...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1995.tb04440.x
更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1 Daily treatment of two-kidney clipped renal hypertensive rats with hydrallazine, hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) and a new orally active inhibitor of the angiotensin-converting enzyme, captopril (SQ14,225), was correlated with survival rates for up to 9 months. 2 The groups of rats given captopril alone or captopril plus...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1979.tb04696.x
更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The pharmacokinetics of piretanide, a new loop diuretic, were studied in four patients with GFR 4.7-14.8 ml/min. An oral dose of piretanide 18 mg was given at 08.00 h in two patients and at 08.00 h and 14.00 h in two. Blood samples were drawn after 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12 and 24 h. Serum concentrations of pireta...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1983.tb01509.x
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13865
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A potential kinetic interaction between cimetidine and flecainide has been studied in eight healthy males receiving flecainide (200 mg) orally on three occasions: before any treatment and on day 2 and day 7 of 8 days' cimetidine maintenance treatment at 1 g daily. Six days pretreatment with cimetidine induced the foll...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of epanolol (200 mg once daily) and diltiazem (60 mg three times daily) on the response of atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP) to exercise were investigated in a double-blind placebo-controlled crossover study in 16 patients with angina pectoris. Exercise tolerance as assessed by peak oxygen consumption was s...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：
更新日期：1993-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. Eight volunteers received in randomized order two 30 microliters drops of either 1% w/v cyclopentolate hydrochloride or a corresponding amount of cyclopentolate polygalacturonate in saline or in acetate buffer in one eye. Cyclopentolate concentrations in plasma were measured by a radioreceptor assay. 2. Peak plasma...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb04173.x
更新日期：1993-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclophosphamide is an alkylating agent used in the treatment of solid and haematological malignancies and as an immunosuppressive agent. As a prodrug, it is dependent on bioactivation to the active phosphoramide mustard metabolite to elicit its therapeutic effect. This focused review will highlight the evidence for t...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1111/bcp.14031
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:Structured medication interviews improve the medication history upon hospitalization. Pharmacy records are valid lists of the prescribed medications available to individual patients. In Denmark, treating doctors now have access to their patients' pharmacy records through a real-...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2007.03017.x
更新日期：2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:The aim of the present study was to assess the effect of policy interventions - i.e. reimbursement decisions, guidelines and regional recommendations - on the prescribing of oral anticoagulant treatment in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). METHODS:Interrupted time series analyses were carried out using mont...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/bcp.13150
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. A new method for perfusing a 10 cm segment of jejunum in humans has been used in seven subjects to study the effect of the amino acid L-leucine (40 mM) on the intestinal absorption of levodopa (2.5 mM). The tube contains six channels and has two inflatable balloons, which enable a perfusion of a closed and defined ...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1993.tb05691.x
更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The concentration of chloroquine (CQ), dapsone (DDS) and pyrimethamine (PYR) in plasma and milk were measured following the coadministration of a single dose of chloroquine and Maloprim to lactating women. The milk to plasma area under the concentration-time curve (AUC) ratio ranged from 1.96 to 4.26 for CQ, 0.22 to 0...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1986.tb02967.x
更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:1. We have utilised a new non-imaging echo-Doppler cardiac output device, using the principle of attenuated compensated volume flow (ACVF), to assess the cardiovascular effects of atenolol and buccal nitroglycerin (NTG) in a placebo-controlled study of 30 patients with coronary disease. 2. Atenolol (4 mg i.v.) reduced...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.1990.tb03696.x
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：WHAT IS ALREADY KNOWN ABOUT THIS SUBJECT:Rosiglitazone is able to increase serum adiponectin levels significantly in Type 2 diabetic patients. :The role of genetic factors that determine the marked interindividual variability in glucose-lowering efficacy of rosiglitazone in Chinese patients is not known. The current st...
journal_title：British journal of clinical pharmacology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1365-2125.2008.03145.x
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
