Abstract:
:This article summarizes all experimental facts concerning the cold denaturation of single-domain, multi-domain, and multimeric globular proteins in aqueous solutions with and without urea and guanidine hydrochloride. The facts obtained by various experimental techniques are analyzed thermodynamically and it is shown that the cold denaturation is a general phenomenon caused by the very specific and strongly temperature-dependent interaction of protein nonpolar groups with water. Hydration of these groups, in contrast to expectations, is favorable thermodynamically, i.e., the Gibbs energy of hydration is negative and increases in magnitude at a temperature decrease. As a result, the polypeptide chain, tightly packed in a compact native structure, unfolds at a sufficiently low temperature, exposing internal nonpolar groups to water. The reevaluation of the hydration effect on the base of direct calorimetric studies of protein denaturation and of transfer of non-polar compounds into water leads to revision of the conventional conception on the mechanism of hydrophobic interaction. The last appears to be a complex effect in which the positive contributor is van der Waals interactions between the nonpolar groups and not the hydration of these groups as it was usually supposed.
journal_name
Crit Rev Biochem Mol Bioljournal_title
Critical reviews in biochemistry and molecular biologyauthors
Privalov PLdoi
10.3109/10409239009090612subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-01-01 00:00:00pages
281-305issue
4eissn
1040-9238issn
1549-7798journal_volume
25pub_type
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