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Basic research in kidney cancer.

Abstract：

CONTEXT:Advances in basic research will enhance prognosis, diagnosis, and treatment of renal cancer patients. OBJECTIVE:To discuss advances in our understanding of the molecular basis of renal cancer, targeted therapies, renal cancer and immunity, and genetic factors and renal cell carcinoma (RCC). EVIDENCE ACQUISITION:Data on recently published (2005-2011) basic science papers were reviewed. EVIDENCE SYNTHESIS:Advances in basic research have shown that renal cancers can be subdivided based on specific genetic profiles. Now that this molecular basis has been established, it is becoming clear that additional events play a major role in the development of renal cancer. For example, aberrant chromatin remodelling appears to be a main driving force behind tumour progression in clear cell RCC. A large number of potential biomarkers have emerged using various high-throughput platforms, but adequate biomarkers for RCC are still lacking. To bring the potential biomarkers and biomarker profiles to the clinical arena is a major challenge for the field. The introduction of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) for therapy has shifted the interest away from immunologic approaches. Nevertheless, a wealth of evidence supports immunotherapy for RCC. Interestingly, studies are now appearing that suggest a combination of TKI and immunotherapy may be beneficial. Thus far, little attention has been paid to patient-specific differences. With high-throughput methods becoming cheaper and with the advances in sequencing possibilities, this situation is expected to change rapidly. CONCLUSIONS:Great strides have been made in the understanding of molecular mechanisms of RCC. This has led this field to the enviable position of having a range of molecularly targeted therapies. Large sequencing efforts are now revealing more and more genes responsible for tumour development and progression, offering new targets for therapy. It is foreseen that through integration of high-throughput platforms, personalised cancer treatment for RCC patients will become possible.

journal_name

Eur Urol

journal_title

European urology

authors

Oosterwijk E,Rathmell WK,Junker K,Brannon AR,Pouliot F,Finley DS,Mulders PF,Kirkali Z,Uemura H,Belldegrun A

doi

10.1016/j.eururo.2011.06.048

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2011-10-01 00:00:00

pages

622-33

issue

eissn

0302-2838

issn

1873-7560

pii

S0302-2838(11)00721-4

journal_volume

pub_type

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Basic research in kidney cancer.