Abstract：
BACKGROUND:Swimming is a widespread sporting activity generally regarded as an ideal form of exercise, which has little or no impact on the knees. However, overuse or repetitive microtrauma injuries may often affect the knee joint of young competitive swimmers. These early lesions are frequently asymptomatic for a considerable period of time before causing discomfort or joint pain. PURPOSE:The aim of the present study is to use MRI to evaluate the knee joints of asymptomatic young elite swimmers and to compare them with age- and sex-matched controls who do not practice any impact sports regularly. STUDY DESIGN:Cross-sectional case-control study. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The authors performed a cross-sectional controlled study to evaluate 54 knees of 27 asymptomatic male adolescents aged 14-15 years, paired by age and weight. Participants were divided in two groups: 13 elite swimmers and 14 control adolescents. The authors performed all the exams using a 0.35-T open-field MRI unit and evaluated by two experienced radiologists blinded to study groups. The images were evaluated to detect the presence or absence of abnormalities. RESULTS:One or more imaging abnormalities were detected in 18 knees in the group of swimmers (69.2%; p=0.013). The most prevalent findings in the athletes were infrapatellar fat pad edema (53.8%; p=0.049), followed by bone marrow edema (26.9%; p=0.022), edema of prefemoral fat pad (19%; p=0.022) and joint effusion (15.3%; p=0.047). CONCLUSION:Significantly more MRI abnormalities were found in the knee joints of asymptomatic adolescent elite swimmers. This high prevalence of positive imaging findings in swimmers may correspond to benign changes or preclinical lesions, which should be evaluated in a follow-up study.
journal_name
Br J Sports Medjournal_title
British journal of sports medicineauthors
Soder RB,Mizerkowski MD,Petkowicz R,Baldisserotto Mdoi
10.1136/bjsm.2010.083345subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-03-01 00:00:00pages
268-72issue
4eissn
0306-3674issn
1473-0480pii
bjsm.2010.083345journal_volume
46pub_type
杂志文章abstract：OBJECTIVE AND METHOD:To outline the direct and indirect approaches in the fight against blood doping in sports, the different strategies that have been used and are currently being used to fight efficiently against blood doping are presented and discussed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS:The paper outlines the different appro...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2006.027532
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recovery pulse and respiration were analysed to determine the level of physical fitness among the physical education and medical students of Banaras Hindu University. The analysis of the data suggested that physical fitness as measured by recovery rate was better in physical education students than in medical stud...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.12.2.93
更新日期：1978-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The physiological and therapeutic effects of massage are frequently questioned. This article reviews previous research into the effects of massage on blood flow and composition, oedema, connective tissue, muscle and the nervous system. Although further investigations are clearly required in certain areas, the discussi...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsm.28.3.153
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between non-invasive laboratory measures of 'muscle power' and swim performance over sprint (50 m) and middle-distance (400 m) events. Twenty-two swimmers performed an upper and lower body Wingate Anaerobic Test (WAT) and a maximal sustained power output test...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.26.3.151
更新日期：1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:The knee joint is the most common site for injury among younger people, the injury often resulting in expensive (surgical) treatment, long-term rehabilitation and permanent functional impairment and disability. METHODS:We investigated the incidence and risk factors for a major knee-ligament injury in an ado...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2008.046185
更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:It is unclear whether world class endurance athletes, in contrast with less well trained subjects, increase their haemoglobin mass on a regimen of living high and training low (LHTL). OBJECTIVE:To assess whether haemoglobin mass increases in world class athletes on LHTL and whether this increase is associat...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2005.019729
更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A central debate in the exercise sciences is the cause of the fatigue that develops especially during high intensity exercise of short duration. The most popular theory holds that this form of exercise is limited by a peripherally based, metabolite induced failure of skeletal muscle contractile function, independent o...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2003.009761
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The question of whether altitude training can enhance subsequent sea-level performance has been well investigated over many decades. However, research on this topic has focused on athletes from individual or endurance sports, with scant number of studies on team-sport athletes. Questions that need to be answered inclu...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-092764
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In competitive alpine skiing, there is a controversy regarding the sex-related risk of injury. OBJECTIVE:To compare the risk of injury in female versus male World Cup (WC) alpine skiers. METHODS:Injuries were recorded through the International Ski Federation Injury Surveillance System for six consecutive w...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-092206
更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIM:The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between physical workload and injury risk in elite youth football players. METHODS:The workload data and injury incidence of 32 players were monitored throughout 2 seasons. Multiple regression was used to compare cumulative (1, 2, 3 and 4-weekly) loads ...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2015-095820
更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：AIMS:(1) To investigate whether a daily acute:chronic workload ratio informs injury risk in Australian football players; (2) to identify which combination of workload variable, acute and chronic time window best explains injury likelihood. METHODS:Workload and injury data were collected from 53 athletes over 2 seasons...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2016-096309
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acute mood changes occur with various forms of physical activity. Increased levels of endogenous opioids (endorphins) in response to exercise may mediate activity-induced shifts in mood state. Thirteen female and six male aerobics class participants aged 20-46 years received the opiate receptor antagonist naltrexone a...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1136/bjsm.26.2.111
更新日期：1992-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To examine the accuracy of the Caltrac accelerometer for estimating energy expenditure (EE) during three exercise modes. METHODS:A subset of 31 women (mean (SEM) age 22.6 (5) years) as selected from a training study comparing various physiological parameters during race walking, running, and stepping. Subjec...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.31.3.235
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fall in skin temperature during initial muscular work was investigated in ten healthy men. Bicycle exercise was performed at workloads of 50-150 W in a climatic chamber at ambient temperatures of 10-40 degrees C (relative humidity 45-55%). Skin temperatures at seven or eight points over the body surface were measured ...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.26.1.29
更新日期：1992-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The influence of an exercise programme performed by healthy pregnant women on maternal glucose tolerance was studied. STUDY DESIGN:A physical activity (PA, land/aquatic activities) programme during the entire pregnancy (three sessions per week) was conducted by a qualified instructor. 83 healthy pregnant wom...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2011-090009
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A 14 month retrospective study was undertaken to determine the cost implications of the opening of a roller skating rink to the local hospital accident and emergency department (A and E). A total of 398 patients attended following injury at the roller skating rink, of whom 384 were included in the study. The estimated...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.24.4.240
更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The second international consensus conference on the scapula was held in Lexington Kentucky. The purpose of the conference was to update, present and discuss the accumulated knowledge regarding scapular involvement in various shoulder injuries and highlight the clinical implications for the evaluation and treatment of...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 共识发展会议,杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-092425
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis (OA) is a disabling disease that produces severe morbidity reducing physical activity. Our position statement on treatment of knee OA with viscosupplementation injection (hyaluronic acid, HA) versus steroid (intra-articular corticosteroids, IAS) and placebo (intra-articular placebo, IAP) is based on the...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2015-095683
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Atrial function is an integral part of cardiac function that is often neglected. The presence of left ventricule hypertrophy (LVH) due to arterial hypertension may impair atrial function. However, it has also been suggested that physical training attenuates the age-associated impairment of diastolic filling....
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2007.041210
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To evaluate and synthesise the literature on hip strength among patients with patellofemoral pain (PFP) to address the following: (1) differentiate between hip strength as a risk factor and associated deficit in PFP; (2) describe hip strength in men and women with PFP across different age ranges; (3) investig...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-093305
更新日期：2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Patient-reported outcome measures are increasingly used in sports medicine to assess results after treatment, but interpretability of change for many instruments remains unclear. OBJECTIVE:To define the minimum clinically important difference (MCID) for the Victorian Institute of Sport Assessment scale (VIS...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2012-091163
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to describe the anthropometric and physiological parameters that apply to a USA amateur rugby union club team. Fifteen players who were members of the club's first team were evaluated for body composition, muscular strength, power and endurance, flexibility, anaerobic power, anaerobic cap...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.17.1.16
更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Over the last few years, changes in cutaneous homoeostasis resulting from sports activities have been reported. In particular, alterations in sweating mechanisms, the hydrolipid barrier, and surface bacterial flora, together with exposure to atmospheric conditions and the need to use medicaments, detergents,...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.35.2.100
更新日期：2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The current methods measuring sports activity after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) injury are commonly restricted to the most knee-demanding sports, and do not consider participation in multiple sports. We therefore developed an online activity survey to prospectively record the monthly participation in al...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2012-092075
更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The use of muscle balancing by the clinician to determine return to activity or discharge of a patient is not a well understood measure. Because of the lack of information on the poorly understood concept of eccentric/concentric (E/C) ratios at the ankle, the purpose was to determine the E/C ratios for the in...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.33.4.255
更新日期：1999-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In order to identify injury-proneness in female competitive gymnasts, 20 measures of flexibility, hypermobility, spinal posture and anthropometry were performed on 40 competitive gymnasts and injury scores were derived from the severity and extent of previous gymnastic injury and inherent hypermobility traits. Results...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1136/bjsm.20.1.31
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Team sports are increasingly popular, with millions of participants worldwide. Athletes engaged in these sports are required to repeatedly produce skilful actions and maximal or near-maximal efforts (eg, accelerations, changes in pace and direction, sprints, jumps and kicks), interspersed with brief recovery intervals...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-092950
更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:To evaluate effects of active bike commuting or leisure-time exercise of two intensities on peripheral insulin sensitivity (primary outcome), cardiorespiratory fitness and intra-abdominal adipose tissue mass (secondary outcomes). METHODS:188 physically inactive, healthy women and men (20-45 years) with over...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2018-100036
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Concussion in sport typically recovers clinically within 10 days of injury. In some cases, however, symptoms may be prolonged or complications may develop. The objectives of the current paper are to review the literature regarding the difficult concussion and to provide recommendations for an approach to the...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsports-2013-092255
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Eccentric exercises (EE) have proved successful in the management of chronic tendinopathy, particularly of the Achilles and patellar tendons, where they have been shown to be effective in controlled trials. However, numerous questions regarding EE remain. The standard protocols are time-consuming and require very moti...
journal_title：British journal of sports medicine
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1136/bjsm.2008.052910
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
