Abstract：
:The abdominal muscles form part of the expiratory pump in cooperation with the other expiratory muscles, primarily the internal intercostal and triangularis sterni muscles. The discharge of abdominal muscles is divided into four main patterns: augmenting, plateau, spindle and decrementing. The patterns tend to be species-specific and dependent on the state of the central nervous system. Recent studies suggest that the abdominal muscles are more active than classically thought, even under resting conditions. Expiratory bulbospinal neurons (EBSN) in the caudal ventral respiratory group are the final output pathway to abdominal motoneurons in the spinal cord. Electrophysiological and anatomical studies indicated the excitatory monosynaptic inputs from EBSN to the abdominal motoneurons, although inputs from the propriospinal neurons seemed to be necessary to produce useful motor outputs. Respiration-related sensory modulation of expiratory neurons by vagal afferents that monitor the rate of change of lung volume and the end-expiratory lung volume (EELV) play a crucial role in modulating the drive to the abdominal musculature. Studies using in vitro and in situ preparations of neonatal and juvenile rats show bi-phasic abdominal activity, characterized by bursting at the end of expiration, a silent period during the inspiratory period, and another burst that occurs abruptly after inspiratory termination. Since the abdominal muscles rarely show these post-inspiratory bursts in the adult rat, the organization of the expiratory output pathway must undergo significant development alterations.
journal_name
Respir Physiol Neurobioljournal_title
Respiratory physiology & neurobiologyauthors
Iizuka Mdoi
10.1016/j.resp.2011.01.003subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-15 00:00:00pages
80-8issue
1eissn
1569-9048issn
1878-1519pii
S1569-9048(11)00004-8journal_volume
179pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:We examined the effect of heavy-intensity 'priming' exercise on the rate of adjustment of pulmonary O2 uptake (τV˙O2p) initiated from elevated intensities. Fourteen men (separated into two groups: τV˙O2p≤25s [Fast] or τV˙O2p>25s [Slow]) completed step-transitions from 20W to 45% lactate threshold (LT; lower-step, LS) ...
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-06-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2011-08-31 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
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更新日期：2011-02-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 社论,评审
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更新日期：2009-05-30 00:00:00
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journal_title：Respiratory physiology & neurobiology
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2008-08-31 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to irritants such as tobacco smoke (TS) causes acute airway inflammation. Chronic exposure may cause airway remodeling contributing to enhanced airway resistance. We hypothesize that combining airway sensitization and inhalation of irritants enhances the number of mucous producing cells beyond either agent al...
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
