Abstract:
:The avian embryo toward end-incubation combines gas exchange through the chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) and pulmonary ventilation (V˙E). The main experiments examined breathing activity during cold-hypometabolism. Chicken embryos close to hatching were prepared for simultaneous measurements of oxygen consumption ( [Formula: see text] ) and carbon dioxide production ( [Formula: see text] ; open-flow methodology) and breathing frequency (f; barometric technique). As ambient (Ta) and egg temperature (Tegg) dropped, breathing eventually ceased at ∼18°C, when [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] were 22-28% of the normothermic values. With the eggshell experimentally covered to reduce CAM gas exchange breathing ceased at slightly lower [Formula: see text] and [Formula: see text] (17-18% of normothermia). Once breathing had stopped, egg exposure to hypoxia (10% or 5% O2) or hypercapnia (3% or 8% CO2) did not resume breathing, which recovered with re-warming. In normothermia, 10% O2 caused hypometabolism and tachypnea; differently, in 5% O2 [Formula: see text] dropped as much as with hypothermia and breathing stopped, to recover upon return in air. Correlation analysis among Ta, Tegg, [Formula: see text] , [Formula: see text] and f during cooling and re-warming indicated that f followed more closely the changes in [Formula: see text] and, especially, in [Formula: see text] than the changes in Ta or Tegg. Some considerations suggest that in this experimental model the cessation of breathing in hypothermia or severe hypoxia may be due to hypometabolism, while the lack of chemo-responses may have a different mechanistic basis.
journal_name
Respir Physiol Neurobioljournal_title
Respiratory physiology & neurobiologyauthors
Ide R,Ide ST,Mortola JPdoi
10.1016/j.resp.2017.03.004subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-08-01 00:00:00pages
19-29eissn
1569-9048issn
1878-1519pii
S1569-9048(16)30178-1journal_volume
242pub_type
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