Abstract：
:Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) plays a central role in vertebrate reproduction. The evolutionary origin of this neuropeptide and its receptor is not obvious, but the advent of genomics makes it possible to examine the roots of GnRH and delve deeper into its ancestral relationships. New peptide sequences identified in invertebrates from annelids to tunicates reveal GnRH-like peptides of 10-12 amino acids. Structural conservation suggests homology between the 15 known invertebrate peptides and the 15 known vertebrate GnRHs. The functions of the invertebrate GnRH-like peptides are not necessarily related to reproduction. We suggest that structurally related families of invertebrate peptides including corazonin and adipokinetic hormone (AKH) form a superfamily of neuropeptides with the GnRH family. GnRH receptors have also been identified in invertebrates from annelids to tunicates suggesting that the origin of GnRH and its receptor extends deep in evolution to the origin of bilaterian animals. To resolve the relationship of invertebrate and vertebrate receptors, we conducted large-scale phylogenetic analysis using maximum likelihood. The data support a superfamily that includes GnRH, AKH and corazonin receptors derived from both published sequences and unpublished gene model predictions. Closely related to the GnRHR superfamily is the vasopressin/oxytocin superfamily of receptors. Phylogenetic analysis suggests a shared ancestry with deep roots. A functional role for GnRH in vertebrates or invertebrates leads to questions about the evolutionary origin of the pituitary. Our analysis suggests a functioning pituitary was the result of genomic duplications in early vertebrates.
journal_name
Gen Comp Endocrinoljournal_title
General and comparative endocrinologyauthors
Roch GJ,Busby ER,Sherwood NMdoi
10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.12.014subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-03-01 00:00:00pages
1-16issue
1eissn
0016-6480issn
1095-6840pii
S0016-6480(10)00447-8journal_volume
171pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:During the previtellogenic development of mosquito fat body cells, the nucleolus, the organelle responsible for producing ribosomes, enlarges threefold, reaching maximal size between 2 and 3 days after eclosion. The granular component of the nucleolus containing ribosomal precursors increases considerably as well. The...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(90)90233-c
更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2015.09.031
更新日期：2015-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1993.1009
更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2004-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(89)90180-9
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1993.1170
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2016.04.030
更新日期：2016-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.01.015
更新日期：2006-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.2001.7728
更新日期：2001-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(90)90202-w
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2006.09.014
更新日期：2007-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2018-01-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2014.06.003
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2012.11.009
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
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更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/gcen.1996.6818
更新日期：1997-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.02.018
更新日期：2010-05-15 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-12-20 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2020-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0016-6480(86)90007-9
更新日期：1986-11-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2011.11.009
更新日期：2012-01-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Using genetic monosex male and female rainbow trout populations, the potential sex differences in the central expression of estrogen receptors (esr1, esr2a, esr2b), brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) and some other steroidogenic enzymes was studied over the period of sex differentiation (from 35 to 63 dpf: days post-fertiliza...
journal_title：General and comparative endocrinology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.ygcen.2010.10.009
更新日期：2011-01-15 00:00:00
