Vaccinia virus strains use distinct forms of macropinocytosis for host-cell entry.

abstract：:Senescence is controlled by time-evolving networks that describe the temporal transition of interactions among senescence regulators. Here, we present time-evolving networks for NAM/ATAF/CUC (NAC) transcription factors in Arabidopsis during leaf aging. The most evident characteristic of these time-dependent networks w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim HJ,Park JH,Kim J,Kim JJ,Hong S,Kim J,Kim JH,Woo HR,Hyeon C,Lim PO,Nam HG,Hwang D

更新日期：2018-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Flagellar microtubules from Chlamydomonas and sea urchin sperm were used as in vitro assembly sites for chick brain tubulin. Brain microtubules assembled onto the A-tubules, central tubules, and, to a limited extent, onto the distal ends of the axonemes at low tubulin concentrations and onto distal and proximal ends a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Binder LI,Dentler WL,Rosenbaum JL

更新日期：1975-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report on preparation of rhodopsin proteoliposomes with the cytoplasmic domain of rhodopsin facing the exterior of the proteoliposomes. Rhodopsin purified from rod outer segments of bovine retinae by immunoaffinity chromatography in octyl glucoside was reconstituted into liposomes prepared from soybean phospholipid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niu L,Kim JM,Khorana HG

更新日期：2002-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Proteins of plant cell walls serve as structural macromolecules and play important roles in morphogenesis and development but have not been reported to be the origins of peptide signals that activate genes for plant defense. We report here that the mRNA coding the tomato leaf polyprotein precursor of three hydroxyprol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Narváez-Vásquez J,Pearce G,Ryan CA

更新日期：2005-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Cellular DNA and RNA were simultaneously quantitated in individual cells of cycling and quiescent populations by flow cytometry. Based on differences in RNA content, two distinct subcompartments, G1A and G1B, were recognized in the G1 phase of exponentially growing cells. After mitosis, cells reside in the low-RNA, G1...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Darzynkiewicz Z,Sharpless T,Staiano-Coico L,Melamed MR

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Experimental systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) can be induced in naive mice by immunization with a murine monoclonal anti-DNA antibody (mAb), 5G12, that bears a major idiotype designated 16/6 Id. Strain-dependent differences were observed in the proliferative responses of lymph node cells of mice immunized with two p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Waisman A,Ruiz PJ,Israeli E,Eilat E,Könen-Waisman S,Zinger H,Dayan M,Mozes E

更新日期：1997-04-29 00:00:00

abstract：:The paucity of knowledge about cardiomyocyte maturation is a major bottleneck in cardiac regenerative medicine. In development, cardiomyocyte maturation is characterized by orchestrated structural, transcriptional, and functional specializations that occur mainly at the perinatal stage. Sarcomeres are the key cytoskel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo Y,Cao Y,Jardin BD,Sethi I,Ma Q,Moghadaszadeh B,Troiano EC,Mazumdar N,Trembley MA,Small EM,Yuan GC,Beggs AH,Pu WT

更新日期：2021-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) thymidine kinase is currently used as a suicide agent in the gene therapy of cancer. This therapy is based on the preferential phosphorylation of nucleoside analogs by tumor cells expressing HSV-1 thymidine kinase. However, the use of HSV-1 thymidine kinase is limited in part by the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Black ME,Newcomb TG,Wilson HM,Loeb LA

更新日期：1996-04-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The fusion of inner mitochondrial membranes requires dynamin-like GTPases, Mgm1 in yeast and OPA1 in mammals, but how they mediate membrane fusion is poorly understood. Here, we determined the crystal structure of Saccharomyces cerevisiae short Mgm1 (s-Mgm1) in complex with GDP. It revealed an N-terminal GTPase (G) do...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yan L,Qi Y,Ricketson D,Li L,Subramanian K,Zhao J,Yu C,Wu L,Sarsam R,Wong M,Lou Z,Rao Z,Nunnari J,Hu J

更新日期：2020-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Phospholamban (PLN) is an effective inhibitor of the sarco(endo)plasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase (SERCA). Here, we examined PLN stability and degradation in primary cultured mouse neonatal cardiomyocytes (CMNCs) and mouse hearts using immunoblotting, molecular imaging, and [(35)S]methionine pulse-chase experiments, tog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teng AC,Miyake T,Yokoe S,Zhang L,Rezende LM Jr,Sharma P,MacLennan DH,Liu PP,Gramolini AO

更新日期：2015-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The relative importance of local ecological and larger-scale historical processes in causing differences in species richness across the globe remains keenly debated. To gain insight into these questions, we investigated the assembly of plant diversity in the Cerrado in South America, the world's most species-rich trop...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Simon MF,Grether R,de Queiroz LP,Skema C,Pennington RT,Hughes CE

更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In epithelia, a primary damage of tight junctions (TJ) always leads to a secondary disruption of adherens junction (AJ), and vice versa. This response, if occurring in the testis, would disrupt spermatogenesis because the blood-testis barrier (BTB) must remain intact during the transit of spermatids in the seminiferou...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lie PP,Chan AY,Mruk DD,Lee WM,Cheng CY

更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Photo-triggered alpha-helix formation of a 16-residue peptide featuring a built-in conformational photoswitch is monitored by time-resolved IR spectroscopy. An experimental approach with 2-ps time resolution and a scanning range up to 30 micros is used to cover all time scales of the peptide dynamics. Experiments are ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bredenbeck J,Helbing J,Kumita JR,Woolley GA,Hamm P

更新日期：2005-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:In this paper we report a time-course study of development of experimental allergic encephalomyelitis in Lewis rats, by monitoring neuroendocrine regulation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis through corticotropin-releasing hormone mRNA expression, inflammatory cellular infiltrate, macrophagic and neuronal nit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Calzà L,Giardino L,Pozza M,Micera A,Aloe L

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-mitochondria encounter structure (ERMES) comprises mitochondrial distribution and morphology 12 (Mdm12), maintenance of mitochondrial morphology 1 (Mmm1), Mdm34, and Mdm10 and mediates physical membrane contact sites and nonvesicular lipid trafficking between the ER and mitochondria in y...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jeong H,Park J,Jun Y,Lee C

更新日期：2017-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarthrodial joints are essential for load bearing and locomotion. Physiologically, articular cartilage sustains millions of cycles of mechanical loading. Chondrocytes, the cells in cartilage, regulate their metabolic activities in response to mechanical loading. Pathological mechanical stress can lead to maladaptive ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee W,Leddy HA,Chen Y,Lee SH,Zelenski NA,McNulty AL,Wu J,Beicker KN,Coles J,Zauscher S,Grandl J,Sachs F,Guilak F,Liedtke WB

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungal cell walls and fragments thereof (elicitors) induce the formation of low and high molecular weight defense compounds in plant cell suspension cultures. This induced synthesis requires a signal molecule transmitting the message between the elicitor plant cell wall receptor and gene activation. We demonstrate in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mueller MJ,Brodschelm W,Spannagl E,Zenk MH

更新日期：1993-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Viruses are fundamental components of marine microbial communities that significantly influence oceanic productivity, biogeochemistry, and ecosystem processes. Despite their importance, the temporal activities and dynamics of viral assemblages in natural settings remain largely unexplored. Here we report the transcrip...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Aylward FO,Boeuf D,Mende DR,Wood-Charlson EM,Vislova A,Eppley JM,Romano AE,DeLong EF

更新日期：2017-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Both activated and resting CD4(+) T cells in mucosal tissues play important roles in the earliest phases of infection after sexual transmission of HIV-1, a process that is inefficient. HIV-1 gp120 binds to integrin alpha(4)beta(7) (alpha(4)beta(7)), the gut mucosal homing receptor. We find that alpha(4)beta(7)(high) C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cicala C,Martinelli E,McNally JP,Goode DJ,Gopaul R,Hiatt J,Jelicic K,Kottilil S,Macleod K,O'Shea A,Patel N,Van Ryk D,Wei D,Pascuccio M,Yi L,McKinnon L,Izulla P,Kimani J,Kaul R,Fauci AS,Arthos J

更新日期：2009-12-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular recognition by proteins is fundamental to molecular biology. Dissection of the thermodynamic energy terms governing protein-ligand interactions has proven difficult, with determination of entropic contributions being particularly elusive. NMR relaxation measurements have suggested that changes in protein con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caro JA,Harpole KW,Kasinath V,Lim J,Granja J,Valentine KG,Sharp KA,Wand AJ

更新日期：2017-06-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal as well as Rous sarcoma virus-infected chicken pectoral and chicken embryo fibroblasts proliferate actively in a plasma containing medium of physiological ion concentrations (Ca2+, 1.2 mM; Mg2+, 0.7 mM). Reduction of medium calcium and magnesium concentrations is necessary to achieve selective quiescence of nor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Balk SD

更新日期：1980-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Wnt signaling regulates many aspects of development by increasing the signaling activity of beta-catenin. Axin is a negative regulator of the Wnt signaling pathway, and it is responsible for the formation of the beta-catenin degradation complex. Genetic studies with Drosophila suggest that Axin promotes cytoplasmic lo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cong F,Varmus H

更新日期：2004-03-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress-induced impairments in extinction learning are believed to sustain posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Noradrenergic signaling may contribute to extinction impairments by modulating medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) circuits involved in fear regulation. Here we demonstrate that aversive fear conditioning rapidl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fitzgerald PJ,Giustino TF,Seemann JR,Maren S

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro studies have demonstrated that glia can express functional receptors for a variety of neurotransmitters. To determine whether similar neurotransmitter receptors are also expressed by glia in vivo, we examined the glial scar in the transected optic nerve of the albino rabbit by quantitative receptor autoradiog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mantyh PW,Johnson DJ,Boehmer CG,Catton MD,Vinters HV,Maggio JE,Too HP,Vigna SR

更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We characterize a sonic hedgehog (Shh) signaling domain restricted to the adventitial layer of artery wall that supports resident Sca1-positive vascular progenitor cells (AdvSca1). Using patched-1 (Ptc1(lacZ)) and patched-2 (Ptc2(lacZ)) reporter mice, adventitial Shh signaling activity was first detected at embryonic ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Passman JN,Dong XR,Wu SP,Maguire CT,Hogan KA,Bautch VL,Majesky MW

更新日期：2008-07-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A deficit in early clearance of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is crucial in nosocomial pneumonia and in chronic lung infections. Few studies have addressed the role of Toll-like receptors (TLRs), which are early pathogen associated molecular pattern receptors, in pathogen uptake and clearance by alveolar macr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Descamps D,Le Gars M,Balloy V,Barbier D,Maschalidi S,Tohme M,Chignard M,Ramphal R,Manoury B,Sallenave JM

更新日期：2012-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:[Ala3-15N][Val1]Gramicidin A has been prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis and studied by solid-state 15N nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy. The synthesis of desformyl[Ala3-15N][Val1]gramicidin A employed N-hydroxysuccinimide esters of 9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyl-N alpha-amino acids and completely avoided th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fields GB,Fields CG,Petefish J,Van Wart HE,Cross TA

更新日期：1988-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The solution conformations of 2-substituted derivatives of 1-(beta-D-ribofuranosyl)benzimidazole have been determined by circular dichroism spectroscopy in aqueous solutions. It is shown that analogs with methyl, amino, or methylamino substituents at position 2 of the benzimidazole ring (position 8 of the purine ring)...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miles DW,Townsend LB,Miles DL,Eyring H

更新日期：1979-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Extended defects are known to have critical influences in achieving desired material performance. However, the nature of extended defect generation is highly elusive due to the presence of multiple nucleation mechanisms with close energetics. A strategy to design extended defects in a simple and clean way is thus high...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Z,Guo H,Shao S,Saghayezhian M,Li J,Fittipaldi R,Vecchione A,Siwakoti P,Zhu Y,Zhang J,Plummer EW

更新日期：2018-09-18 00:00:00

abstract：:How cells achieve their final sizes is a pervasive biological question. One strategy to increase cell size is for the cell to amplify its chromosomal DNA content through endoreduplication cycles. Although endoreduplication is widespread in eukaryotes, we know very little about its molecular mechanisms. Successful prog...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sugimoto-Shirasu K,Roberts GR,Stacey NJ,McCann MC,Maxwell A,Roberts K

更新日期：2005-12-20 00:00:00