Noradrenergic blockade stabilizes prefrontal activity and enables fear extinction under stress.

abstract：:Coherent oscillations in the theta-to-gamma frequency range have been proposed as a mechanism that coordinates neural activity in large-scale cortical networks in sensory, motor, and cognitive tasks. Whether this mechanism also involves coherent oscillations at delta frequencies (1-4 Hz) is not known. Rather, delta os...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nácher V,Ledberg A,Deco G,Romo R

更新日期：2013-09-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Escherichia coli fMet-tRNAfMet alters the pattern of promoter selection of E. coli RNA polymerase (RNA nucleotidyltransferase, nucleosidetriphosphate:RNA nucleotidyltransferase; EC 2.7.7.6), affecting RNA synthesis from the rRNA, suIII+tRNA, and lac promoters in different ways. The in vitro synthesis of the stable RNA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Debenham PG,Pongs O,Travers AA

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the traditional Z scheme of photosynthesis the Emerson effects of red drop (decline in yield of photosynthesis in far-red light) and enhancement (of far-red yield by supplementary short-wavelength light) are taken to be evidence for the coupling in series of two photosystems that absorb unsymmetrically in the far-r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Warner JW,Berry RS

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Layer 5 pyramidal neurons process information from multiple cortical layers to provide a major output of cortex. Because of technical limitations it has remained unclear how these cells integrate widespread synaptic inputs located in distantly separated basal and tuft dendrites. Here, we obtained in vivo two-photon ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hill DN,Varga Z,Jia H,Sakmann B,Konnerth A

更新日期：2013-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In the face of antibiotics, bacterial populations avoid extinction by harboring a subpopulation of dormant cells that are largely drug insensitive. This phenomenon, termed "persistence," is a major obstacle for the treatment of a number of infectious diseases. The mechanism that generates both actively growing as well...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rotem E,Loinger A,Ronin I,Levin-Reisman I,Gabay C,Shoresh N,Biham O,Balaban NQ

更新日期：2010-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Rivers around the world are being regulated by dams to accommodate the needs of a rapidly growing global population. These regulatory efforts usually oppose the natural tendency of rivers to flood, move sediment, and migrate. Although an economic benefit, river regulation has come at unforeseen and unevaluated cumulat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Trush WJ,McBain SM,Leopold LB

更新日期：2000-10-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The Golgi apparatus is a membrane-bounded organelle with the characteristic shape of a series of stacked flat cisternae. During mitosis in mammalian cells, the Golgi apparatus is once fragmented into small vesicles and then reassembled to form the characteristic shape again in each daughter cell. The mechanism and det...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tachikawa M,Mochizuki A

更新日期：2017-05-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Seeking research funding is an essential part of academic life. Funded projects are primarily collaborative in nature through internal and external partnerships, but what role does funding play in the formulation of these partnerships? Here, by examining over 43,000 scientific projects funded over the past three decad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ma A,Mondragón RJ,Latora V

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Addition of a 0.5 M KCl wash fraction from rabbit reticulocyte ribosomes causes a 3- to 10-fold increase in the extent of translation of natural mRNAs by Krebs-cell lysates. In the presence of the wash fraction, 1 pmol of rabbit or mouse 10S RNA directs the incorporation of 80 pmol of leucine into rabbit globin. The a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Metafora S,Terada M,Dow LW,Marks PA,Bank A

更新日期：1972-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A simple in vitro system that supports chromatin assembly was developed for Saccharomyces cerevisiae. The assembly reaction is ATP-dependent, uses soluble histones and assembly factors, and generates physiologically spaced nucleosomes. We analyze the pathway of histone recruitment into nucleosomes, using this system i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schultz MC,Hockman DJ,Harkness TA,Garinther WI,Altheim BA

更新日期：1997-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We have earlier reported conditions that support the axenic development in vitro of a complete asexual erythrocytic cycle of Plasmodium falciparum. Up to 30% of merozoites showed initial differentiation into trophic forms (rings) viable at 14 hr. However, only approximately 1% of the merozoites would develop further i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Williams JH,Gill GS,Trager W

更新日期：1995-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Although heparin and low-molecular-weight heparins (LMWH) have been widely used clinically as anticoagulants, their broader use has been limited by the lack of noninvasive delivery methods for this class of molecules. In this study, we demonstrate an efficient, rapid, and reproducible delivery system for heparin throu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qi Y,Zhao G,Liu D,Shriver Z,Sundaram M,Sengupta S,Venkataraman G,Langer R,Sasisekharan R

更新日期：2004-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Using a forward-mutation assay based on the inactivation of the tetracycline-resistance gene located on plasmid pBR322, we have determined the mutation spectrum induced in Escherichia coli by cisplatin [cis-diamminedichloroplatinum(II)], a widely used antitumor drug. Cisplatin is known to form mainly intrastrand diadd...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burnouf D,Duane M,Fuchs RP

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A genomic clone of one member of the Arabidopsis thaliana (L.) Heynh. 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylate (ACC) synthase (S-adenosyl-L-methionine methylthioadenosine-lyase, EC 4.4.1.14) gene family (AT-ACC1) was isolated and sequenced. A region of homology was found in the 5'-untranslated region with the promoter of a z...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Van der Straeten D,Rodrigues-Pousada RA,Villarroel R,Hanley S,Goodman HM,Van Montagu M

更新日期：1992-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Ablation of inhibitory agouti-related protein (AgRP)-expressing neurons in the arcuate nucleus that also synthesize gamma-amino-butyric acid (GABA) and neuropeptide Y in adult mice leads to starvation within 1 week. The removal of inhibition from the AgRP neurons onto neighboring proopiomelanocortin neurons and their ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu Q,Howell MP,Cowley MA,Palmiter RD

更新日期：2008-02-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Stress-induced structural remodeling in the adult hippocampus, involving debranching and shortening of dendrites and suppression of neurogenesis, provides a cellular basis for understanding the impairment of neural plasticity in the human hippocampus in depressive illness. Accordingly, reversal of structural remodelin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Czéh B,Michaelis T,Watanabe T,Frahm J,de Biurrun G,van Kampen M,Bartolomucci A,Fuchs E

更新日期：2001-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Ocean acidification represents a key threat to coral reefs by reducing the calcification rate of framework builders. In addition, acidification is likely to affect the relationship between corals and their symbiotic dinoflagellates and the productivity of this association. However, little is known about how acidificat...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anthony KR,Kline DI,Diaz-Pulido G,Dove S,Hoegh-Guldberg O

更新日期：2008-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell clones nonproductively transformed by the replication-defective Abelson strain of murine leukemia virus (AbLV) were analyzed for type C viral antigen expression by competition immunoassay. AbLV-transformed mink non-producer lines were found to express a 110,000- to 130,000-molecular weight polyprotein containing ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reynolds FH Jr,Sacks TL,Deobagkar DN,Stephenson JR

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thyroid hormone and retinoid X receptors form a heterodimer with each other and mediate thyroid hormone (T3)-dependent transcription. Retinoid X receptor, in addition, forms a homodimer and mediates 9-cis-retinoic acid-dependent transcription. Here, recombinant thyroid hormone receptor and recombinant retinoid X r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee IJ,Driggers PH,Medin JA,Nikodem VM,Ozato K

更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We propose that retroviruses exploit a cell-encoded pathway of intercellular vesicle traffic, exosome exchange, for both the biogenesis of retroviral particles and a low-efficiency but mechanistically important mode of infection. This Trojan exosome hypothesis reconciles current paradigms of retrovirus-directed transm...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gould SJ,Booth AM,Hildreth JE

更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:The rates of reassociation of DNA from a monkey cell line (Vero), from SV40 pseudovirus (consisting of Vero DNA and virus protein coat), and from mature SV40 were measured. The results show that the host DNA in the pseudovirus contains repeated and unique sequences in the same proportions as normal host DNA; hence, no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Grady L,Axelrod D,Trilling D

更新日期：1970-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We applied an innovation framework to sustainable livestock development research projects in Africa and Asia. The focus of these projects ranged from pastoral systems to poverty and ecosystems services mapping to market access by the poor to fodder and natural resource management to livestock parasite drug resistance....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kristjanson P,Reid RS,Dickson N,Clark WC,Romney D,Puskur R,Macmillan S,Grace D

更新日期：2009-03-31 00:00:00

abstract：:New World tetraploid cottons (Gossypium spp.) originated through hybridization of ancestral diploid species that presently have allopatric ranges in Asia-Africa (the A genome) and the New World tropics and subtropics (the D genome). Despite intensive study, the identity of the parental diploids and the antiquity of po...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wendel JF

更新日期：1989-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell-dependent B-cell responses decline with age, suggesting defective CD4 T-cell function. CD4 memory T cells from individuals older than 65 y displayed increased and sustained transcription of the dual-specific phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) that shortened expression of CD40-ligand (CD40L) and inducible T-cell costimulator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu M,Li G,Lee WW,Yuan M,Cui D,Weyand CM,Goronzy JJ

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosomal RNA, which is a component of the chromosomes of higher organisms, and whose participation is required for sequence-specific interaction of chromosomal proteins with chromosomal DNA, occurs in chromosomes bound to DNA. We have found that the DNA sequences to which chromosomal RNA binds are repetitive ones. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sivolap YM,Bonner J

更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Mecp2 gene has been shown to be mutated in most cases of human Rett syndrome, and mouse models deleted for the ortholog have been generated. Lineage-specific deletion of the gene indicated that the Rett-like phenotype is caused by Mecp2 deficiency in neurons. Biochemical evidence suggests that Mecp2 acts as a glob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tudor M,Akbarian S,Chen RZ,Jaenisch R

更新日期：2002-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Substrate rigidity affects many physiological processes through mechanochemical signals from focal adhesion (FA) complexes that subsequently modulate gene expression. We find that shuttling of the LIM domain (domain discovered in the proteins, Lin11, Isl-1, and Mec-3) protein four-and-a-half LIM domains 2 (FHL2) betwe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakazawa N,Sathe AR,Shivashankar GV,Sheetz MP

更新日期：2016-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protooncogenic protein Vav has the structure of an intracellular signal transducer. It is exclusively expressed in cells of hematopoietic lineage and plays a crucial role in hematopoietic cell differentiation. Here we report that both in cell extracts and within intact mammalian cells Vav binds to Grb2 (Sem-5/ASH/...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ye ZS,Baltimore D

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Under steady-state conditions, the immune system is poised to sense and respond to the microbiota. As such, immunity to the microbiota, including T cell responses, is expected to precede any inflammatory trigger. How this pool of preformed microbiota-specific T cells contributes to tissue pathologies remains unclear. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hurabielle C,Link VM,Bouladoux N,Han SJ,Merrill ED,Lightfoot YL,Seto N,Bleck CKE,Smelkinson M,Harrison OJ,Linehan JL,Tamoutounour S,Lionakis MS,Kaplan MJ,Nakajima S,Belkaid Y

更新日期：2020-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:In the mammalian visual system, the terminal arbors of retinal ganglion cell axons from the two eyes are restricted to mutually exclusive territories within their thalamic target, the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN). Here we have investigated some of the factors that determine the adult morphology of terminal arbors ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garraghty PE,Shatz CJ,Sretavan DW,Sur M

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00