Abstract:
:The CD1-haired mouse and the SKH-hairless mouse are two animal models that have been used to evaluate sulfur mustard (HD) exposure and protection in our laboratory. In a recent study we observed that a substance P inhibitor protected the haired mouse ear against an HD solution, but the same drug was not successful in protecting the hairless mouse against HD vapor. This experiment prompted us to compare HD exposures between these models. We determined the (14)C content in the skin after exposures to HD containing (14)C-HD. Rate curves were generated for applications of (1) HD in methylene chloride to the haired mouse ear; (2) HD in methylene chloride to the hairless mouse dorsal skin; and (3) saturated HD vapor to the hairless mouse dorsal skin for 6 min. The curves showed a reduction in (14)C disintegrations per min in animals euthanized 0 to 2 h postexposure. The largest percentage of decrease of (14)C content in skin occurred within 30 min of HD challenge for all exposures. An 8-mm skin-punch biopsy and a 14-mm annular skin section surrounding the region of the 8-mm skin punch were taken from the hairless mouse dorsal skin exposed to HD in methylene chloride. The ratio of the (14)C content in the 8-mm skin punch to that in the surrounding 14-mm annular skin section was 7.3, demonstrating that the HD application spreads beyond the initially biopsied site. A concentration/time value of 6.3 mug/cm(2)/min was determined by counting skin (14)C disintegrations per minute in animals euthanized immediately after exposure to saturated HD vapor. Determinations of the amount of HD showed that similar quantities of HD, 0.4 mg, were detected on each model. These results contribute to a better quantitative understanding of HD application in the haired and hairless mouse models.
journal_name
Toxicol Mech Methodsjournal_title
Toxicology mechanisms and methodsauthors
Logan TP,Shutz M,Schulz SM,Railer R,Ricketts KM,Casillas RPdoi
10.1080/15376520208951165subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2002-01-01 00:00:00pages
293-300issue
4eissn
1537-6516issn
1537-6524journal_volume
12pub_type
杂志文章abstract::ABSTRACT The present investigation was undertaken to examine the effects of chlorpyrifos (CP, an organophosphate) and deltamethrin (DM, a pyrethroid pesticide) treatments at low and high doses and their combination on lipid peroxidation and antioxidant enzyme activities such as SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and also AChE activ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701380463
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histone deacetylase 2 (HDAC2), a prominent member of the class I HDAC family, plays crucial roles in inflammation and other pathological processes. Recent studies have found that the activity and expression of HDAC2 were altered under oxidative stress conditions. The aim of the current study was to elucidate the expre...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2012.716091
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several deleterious effects of Tramadol including deaths were reported especially when used in large doses. Being metabolized mainly in the liver, Tramadol have serious hepatotoxic effects. This study investigates the effect of vitamin E on Tramadol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats by evaluating the antioxidant biochemi...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2019.1681043
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT The first aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of organophosphorus (OP) pesticides' exposure in viniculture and tobacco production workers via physical examination (neurology and general health aspect) and analysis of paraoxonase (PON1) and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) activities. The second aim was ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601094115
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study investigated the protective effect of hesperidin on carbohydrate metabolizing enzymes in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats. Hesperidin was administered to streptozotocin-induced (40 mg/kg b.w.) diabetic rats at different dosages of (25, 50, 100 mg/kg b.w.) respectively for 30 days to evaluate its ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2019.1646370
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Oxytocin (OT) injections have been indiscriminately used to milk cattle in dairy industries. There is no study available regarding surveillance of OT in market milk samples. MATERIAL AND METHODS:OT from milk samples was extracted by precipitation with trichloroacetic acid and passed through the solid phase ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2014.910851
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study applied broccoli and cauliflower extracts (whole, floret, and stem) to zebrafish larvae in parallel to receive 100 mJ/cm(2) of UVB six times, and recorded their fin malformation phenotypes. Chemopreventive effects of each group, including UVB, whole-, floret-, and stem-extracts of broccoli and cauliflower o...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2010.529191
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to determine whether the treatment with an ethanolic extract of pomegranate (EEP) (Punica granatum) can be useful for the treatment of the deleterious effect of lead acetate (LA) administration on sperm production in rats. The effects of EEP were compared with those of ascorbic acid (AA)...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.555789
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate genotoxicity and mutagenicity in peripheral blood and buccal mucosal cells in mucopolysaccharidosis (MPS) I, II or VI patients. METHODS:A total of 12 patients with MPS type I, II and VI attended at the Institute of Genetics and Inborn Errors of Metabolism...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2014.956913
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Fusarium mycotoxin toxicosis has been implicated in the etiology of Keshan disease, an endemic mitochondrial cardiomyopathy prevailing in certain areas of China. Butenolide (4-acetamido-4-hydroxy-2-butenoic acid gamma-lactone) is one of the Fusarium mycotoxins which are frequently detected from cereal grains in endemi...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802322802
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::In recent years, diabetes and its associated complications have come to represent a major public health concern. It is a complex disease characterized by multiple metabolic derangements and is known to impair cardiac function by disrupting the balance between pro-oxidants and antioxidants at the cellular level. The su...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.3109/15376516.2012.666648
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The anatomical and histological parameters of the human ventricle depend on many factors including age and sex. Myocyte volume and electric capacitance are significant physiological parameters of left ventricle cardiomyocyte mathematical models. They allow the assessment of inter-individual variability durin...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.585477
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The implications of delta-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase (ALAD) polymorphism for lead kinetics and toxicity have been mainly studied in occupationally exposed adults. Therefore, our purpose was to evaluate the distribution of ALAD genotype and its association with biomarkers of exposure (PbB levels) and effect (Blood...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520500191946
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Up to now, the ability of target cells to activate protein kinase C (PKC) and protein kinase D (PKD) (which is often a downstream target of PKC) has not been examined in natural killer (NK) lymphocytes. Here we examined whether exposure of human NK cells to lysis sensitive tumor cells activated PKC and PKD. The result...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2015.1070226
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oral cocaine administration results in hepatic necrosis, increased plasma transaminase concentration, and decreased antioxidative capability, which is potentiated by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) in male CF-1 mice. Females administered the same treatment regimen display none of the hepatotoxic effects seen in their male co...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/153765291009840
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The brain is a well-organized, yet highly complex, organ in the mammalian system. Most investigators use the whole brain, instead of a selected brain region(s), for biochemical analytes as toxicological endpoints. As a result, the obtained data is often of limited value, since their significance is compromised due to ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520490429175
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Owing to their structure and function, low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) are particularly susceptible to the oxidative modifications. To prevent against oxidative modification of LDL, L-carnitine, with endogenous small water-soluble quaternary amine possessing antioxidative properties, was used. The aim of this paper wa...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510701623508
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE:Gentamicin (GM) is used against bacterial infections. The aim of our investigation was to evaluate the role of inflammation and also oxidative damage in nephrotoxic potential of GM and protective effects of Nasturtium officinale (watercress) against GM-induced nephrotoxicity in Wistar rats. MATE...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2016.1258748
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::During the last years, much attention was focused on the measurement of 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2'-deoxyguanosine (8-oxo-dG) as a marker of oxidative DNA damage. Among various analytical techniques, the (32)P-postlabeling assay has been applied in determination of 8-oxo-dG. However, artefactual DNA oxidation could take plac...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520600616909
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The objective of this study was to examine the toxicity of 1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-(4-fluorophenyl)-propenone (A) and 1-(4-morpholinophenyl)-3-(3-fluorophenyl)-propenone (B) on Spodoptera frugiperda (Sf9) cells and the mechanism of the toxicity. By cell-based thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay, we found t...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2012.658979
更新日期:2012-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ornithine decarboxylase (ODC) activity is used widely as a biomarker for tumor promotion in animal model systems. Several previous studies have reported increases in ODC activity in tissues of rats exposed to 60 Hz magnetic fields. The goals of this study were to confirm these findings and to determine whether ODC act...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510309826
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The titanium nitride coated titanium is a material intended for the fabrication of left ventricular assist device. As per International standards, a material is subjected to pre-clinical evaluation before fabrication of a device. Toxicity/biocompatibility studies such as acute systemic toxicity, intracutaneous irritat...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.610384
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::4-Methylimidazole (4-MeI) is a nitrogen-containing heterocyclic compound that is used in the manufacture of chemicals, dyes and pharmaceuticals and may be found in a variety of foods following formation during heating. The purpose of this study was to use two different in silico programs, CASE Ultra and Toxtree, to in...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2019.1709237
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preeclampsia is a multisystem disorder with profound implications on both mother and fetus. Analysis of umbilical cord blood red blood cell (RBC) changes shall depict the fetal response to pregnancy-specific complications like preeclampsia. This study aims to analyze the regulation relationship between HSP90α and heme...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2012.725432
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTRACT Male Wistar rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes received a control diet and a pyridoxine-deficient diet. The animals were divided at random into four groups: control rats (CR), control diabetic rats (CDR), diabetic rats receiving a pyridoxine-free diet (DRB6), and diabetic rats receiving saline solution...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510601003744
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Impurities in drug substances and drug products generally do not have beneficial effects and may impose a risk without associated benefit. Levofloxacin n-oxide is an impurity isolated from levofloxacin. However there is insufficient toxic information about levofloxacin n-oxide. This study investigates the genotoxicity...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2011.635319
更新日期:2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was conducted to evaluate the sublethal effects of a synthetic pyrethroid, cypermethrin on ATPase, and glycogen phosphorylase in gill, kidney, liver, and muscle tissue of freshwater fish, Clarias batrachus (Linn) during exposure and cessation of exposure. Thirty-six fish were exposed to 1/3 of LC 50 ...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376510802205650
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present study was designed to investigate the effect of ginsenoside Rh1 on myocardial injury and heart function in isoproterenol-induced cardiotoxicity in rats. Sprague-Dawley rats were subcutaneously injected with isoproterenol (20 mg/kg). Cardiac marker enzymes in serum, antioxidative parameters and inflammatory...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.3109/15376516.2012.702798
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract The effects of 4-hydroxytamoxifen (OHTAM) on the mitochondrial permeability transition (MPT) induced by Ca(2+) plus peroxynitrite (ONOO(-)) or phenylarsine oxide (PhAsO) were studied to clarify its mechanisms of MPT inhibition. Ca(2+) plus ONOO(-) induced mitochondrial swelling, membrane potential (Delta Psi)...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376520590918793
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress has a causative role in ischemic reperfusion-induced cell death. Evidence has shown that metformin is capable to reduce ischemic reperfusion injuries. The current study investigated the effect of metformin on ischemia/reperfusion-induced apoptosis in PC12 cells by evaluation of Bcl-2 family proteins e...
journal_title:Toxicology mechanisms and methods
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/15376516.2018.1486495
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00