Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether gum chewing affects perceived levels of everyday stress among persons who (1) regularly chew gum or (2) do not chew gum on a regular basis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Two Internet-based studies were conducted. Study 1 enrolled participants who chewed gum > or =4 days per week, chewed > or =11 pieces of gum per week, and chewed gum during the previous week (frequent or heavy chewers, n = 280). Study 2 enrolled participants who had chewed gum previously but did so infrequently and had not chewed during at least the 7 days before recruitment (n = 212). Both studies used a randomized, crossover design: each participant either chewed gum or abstained from chewing for a number of sequential days, then switched to the opposite behavior for the same number of days. Stress levels were assessed by means of self-reported responses to the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) at screening and after each test sequence. RESULTS:More participants (54% in study 1 [p < or = 0.10] and 57% in study 2 [p < or = 0.05]) reported that chewing gum reduced their stress level at least a little, compared with those who reported no effect on or an increase in stress. In both studies, mean STAI state scores increased significantly after the abstaining period, indicating an increase in the perceived level of stress, and decreased significantly after the gum-chewing period. Particular stress-specific emotions (e.g., not feeling relaxed, feeling tense) were reported to have significantly increased when participants abstained from chewing gum and to have decreased when they chewed. More severe levels of stress (e.g., being upset or frightened) were not affected by chewing or abstaining from chewing gum. The studies had several potential limitations, including self-reporting, a large initial recruitment, and the need for habit alteration. CONCLUSIONS:The findings point to a relationship between decreased stress and gum chewing and suggest chewing gum may help reduce perceived levels of everyday stress.
journal_name
Curr Med Res Opinjournal_title
Current medical research and opinionauthors
Zibell S,Madansky Edoi
10.1185/03007990902959283subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-06-01 00:00:00pages
1491-500issue
6eissn
0300-7995issn
1473-4877journal_volume
25pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:OBJECTIVE:The primary aim of this study was to compare the effect of colesevelam HCl in combination with ezetimibe to ezetimibe monotherapy on low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels in subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia. METHODS:Subjects with primary hypercholesterolemia (N = 86) were enrolled in a...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/030079906X148436
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To look into current evidence exploring the added value of rLH supplementation to rFSH in GnRH analogues cycles, to identify groups of women that still have no evidence for adjuvant rLH therapy and to discuss ways that may advance research on this topic. METHODS:Eight systematic reviews and meta-analyses exp...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03007995.2017.1417827
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Description of risk of cardiovascular (CV) events associated with diabetes is evolving. This US-based real-world study estimated risk of future CV events and heart failure (HF) from type 2 diabetes (T2DM) only, prior CV events only or T2DM plus prior CV events, versus controls, and evaluated healthcare resou...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03007995.2020.1832455
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Normalizing serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) levels by lifelong treatment with levothyroxine (LT4) remains the primary goal of therapy for patients with hypothyroidism. The reference ranges for TSH are derived from populations with (supposedly) normal thyroid function. But, TSH results are affected by a number ...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/03007995.2019.1570769
更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Compatibility of two types of needles with a variety of durable and prefilled injection pens for diabetes medication was tested by attaching the needles according to ISO 11608-2 and verifying penetration into the cartridge using air shots and two-dimensional X-rays. NovoFine* and NovoFine Autocover† attached correctly...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 信件
doi:10.1185/03007995.2010.547574
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Migraine is a very common disorder, affecting about 11% of adult populations in Western countries. Prevalence is highest during the peak productive years--between the ages of 25 and 55. The prevalence is higher in females than males at all post-pubertal ages, but the sex ratio varies with age. In the United States, mi...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1185/0300799039117005
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although beta-blocker therapy has been shown to improve survival in patients with chronic heart failure, this class of drugs tends to be underutilized in diabetic patients due to concerns about adverse metabolic effects, especially on glycemic control. No randomized clinical trial has specifically evaluated ...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1185/030079906X80459
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiac arrhythmias are the most common cardiac complication reported in pregnant women with and without structural heart disease (SHD); they are more frequent among women with SHD, such as cardiomyopathy and congenital heart disease (CHD). While older studies had indicated supraventricular tachycardia as the most com...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03007995.2020.1762555
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The therapeutic efficacy of cimetidine given as 400 mg twice daily was compared to that of cimetidine given as 1.0 g daily in 4 divided doses (200 mg 3-times daily and 400 mg at night) in two groups of 25 patients (total 50 patients) with active duodenal ulceration. After 4 weeks, healing rates of 72% and 76%, respect...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007998509109626
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To compare the efficacy and safety of the concomitant administration of travoprost 0.004% once daily and brinzolamide 0.1% twice daily with those of a fixed combination of latanoprost 0.005%/timolol 0.5% once daily. RESEARCH, DESIGN AND METHODS:Forty-four patients with primary open-angle glaucoma or ocular hyp...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/030079904125004529
更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the statistical strength of direct comparative randomized controlled trials is generally acknowledged, the particular demands of therapeutic decision making will often require indirect comparisons to be made, based on pooled data from multiple trials. As for all post-hoc analyses, the process of indirect comp...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1185/03007995.2014.1002559
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The epidemiology and outcome of people hospitalised with a primary diagnosis of psoriasis has never been characterised previously in the United Kingdom. The aim of the study was to characterise the epidemiology of people admitted to hospital with a primary diagnosis of psoriasis. METHODS:Routine hospital da...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1185/03007990802583563
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To investigate whether once daily biphasic insulin aspart 30 (BIAsp 30) is noninferior to once daily insulin glargine (IGlar) among Chinese and Japanese insulin-naïve subjects with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:This was a 24 week treat-to-target trial (NCT01123980) that include...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.838155
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The rates of blood pressure (BP) control worldwide are discouraging. This study had the purpose of assessing the effectiveness of perindopril/amlodipine fixed dose combination on BP-lowering efficacy, and recording adherence, safety and tolerability during a 4 month treatment period. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METH...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1080/03007995.2016.1193481
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two hundred and two patients with symptoms, signs and mycological evidence of Candida vaginitis were entered in a single-blind trial comparing 6-day clotrimazole therapy with a control group receiving 6 days' nystatin therapy. Adequate data was collected on 69 clotrimazole and 72 nystatin treated patients for analysis...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007997509113652
更新日期:1975-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Bisoprolol, a highly cardioselective beta(1)-blocker, is widely used to treat elderly patients with hypertension, coronary artery disease and heart failure. The current literature lacks evidence regarding its potency to prevent atrial fibrillation (AF) following cardiac surgery. Therefore the aim of this stud...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/030079906X115649
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A double-blind trial was carried out in 37 patients with osteoarthrosis to compare the efficacy and tolerance of 250 mg diflunisal twice daily with that of 400 mg ibuprofen 3-times daily over an 8-week period. Rating scale assessments were made, at the end of a preceding 1-week, wash-out period on placebo and at regul...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007997809109001
更新日期:1978-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Abstract A growing body of evidence suggests that targeting low-density lipoprotein cholesterol is not enough and that a substantial residual risk remains despite aggressive statin treatment, particularly in patients with mixed dyslipidemia. Statin plus fibrate combination results in a more effective control of severa...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1185/03007995.2010.505463
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia seen in clinical practice and has attracted much attention due to its association with a substantial mortality and morbidity, particularly from stroke, thromboembolism and heart failure. This Editorial Commentary provides a brief overview of the ...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 评论,社论
doi:10.1185/03007990902910443
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To compare acute normovolemic hemodilution versus low central venous pressure strategy versus conventional fluid management in reducing intraoperative estimated blood loss, hematocrit drop and need for blood transfusion in patients undergoing radical retropubic prostatectomy under general anesthesia. RESEARC...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007995.2013.877436
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of methodological choices in a meta-analysis of real-world evidence (RWE) comparing three non-vitamin-K antagonist oral anticoagulants with vitamin K antagonists (VKAs) for the treatment of patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF). Methods: Th...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1080/03007995.2019.1647020
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nausea with or without vomiting of pregnancy (NVP) is the most common medical condition in pregnancy. NVP, even with mild symptoms, is associated with costs to society, patients, and the health care system. OBJECTIVE:The main objective of this study was to estimate the total direct and indirect costs per wo...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1185/030079907x178739
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To systematically identify and assess current quality measures for anticoagulation in atrial fibrillation (AF), venous thromboembolism (VTE) treatment and surgical VTE prophylaxis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Fifteen quality measure websites were searched as were bibliographic databases (January 2000-Februar...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03007995.2016.1200020
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Objective: Health utility estimates for children and adolescents are critical for cost-utility analyses informing health technology assessment (HTA) authorities' decisions governing access to pediatric treatments. However, in a recent review, only 29% of published pediatric cost-utility models used a utility measure v...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03007995.2020.1762553
更新日期:2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:With a growing number of studies and comparators in MRSA skin infections, a unified framework for comparing treatments is needed for health technology assessment (HTA). The objective was to systematically assess the success rates of common antimicrobial agents for the treatment of complicated skin and soft ti...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1185/03007995.2010.481251
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In a 4-week, double-blind, placebo-controlled study, the attention-promoting agent modafinil improved symptoms of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children and adolescents and was well tolerated. To assess the continued efficacy of modafinil and obtain additional safety data, an 8-week, open...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/030079906X148300
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of this study was to evaluate the effects of losartan +/- hydrochlorothiazide (HCTZ) versus placebo in obese patients with systolic and diastolic hypertension. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:Randomized patients (n = 261) were non-diabetic with systolic blood pressure (SBP) > or = 140 and < or = 1...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/030079908x280716
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A randomized, double-blind, parallel-group, multi-centre clinical trial was undertaken in 60 patients with dermatophytosis or pityriasis versicolor to compare topical 2% fenticonazole cream with topical 2% miconazole cream. Treatment, by twice-daily application, was for 4 weeks or until earlier complete resolution of ...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007998609110427
更新日期:1986-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Early involvement of specialists is associated with improved survival in ovarian cancer patients. However, only 33-60% of patients are currently being referred. A more effective strategy to get patients with an elevated risk of ovarian cancer to gynecologic oncologists is needed. The objective of this study w...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/03007995.2016.1176014
更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Forty-nine patients participated in a randomized double-blind, parallel group comparison of beclomethasone dipropionate aqueous nasal spray with terfenadine tablets in the treatment of hay fever. Symptom scores for nasal and ocular symptoms as well as grass pollen counts were registered daily for at least 1 month. Eva...
journal_title:Current medical research and opinion
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1185/03007998509109635
更新日期:1985-01-01 00:00:00