Abstract：
:Graphene, or single-layered graphite, with its high crystallinity and interesting semimetal electronic properties, has emerged as an exciting two-dimensional material showing great promise for the fabrication of nanoscale devices. Thin, elongated strips of graphene that possess straight edges, termed graphene ribbons, gradually transform from semiconductors to semimetals as their width increases, and represent a particularly versatile variety of graphene. Several lithographic, chemical and synthetic procedures are known to produce microscopic samples of graphene nanoribbons, and one chemical vapour deposition process has successfully produced macroscopic quantities of nanoribbons at 950 degrees C. Here we describe a simple solution-based oxidative process for producing a nearly 100% yield of nanoribbon structures by lengthwise cutting and unravelling of multiwalled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) side walls. Although oxidative shortening of MWCNTs has previously been achieved, lengthwise cutting is hitherto unreported. Ribbon structures with high water solubility are obtained. Subsequent chemical reduction of the nanoribbons from MWCNTs results in restoration of electrical conductivity. These early results affording nanoribbons could eventually lead to applications in fields of electronics and composite materials where bulk quantities of nanoribbons are required.
journal_name
Naturejournal_title
Natureauthors
Kosynkin DV,Higginbotham AL,Sinitskii A,Lomeda JR,Dimiev A,Price BK,Tour JMdoi
10.1038/nature07872subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-16 00:00:00pages
872-6issue
7240eissn
0028-0836issn
1476-4687pii
nature07872journal_volume
458pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NATURE文献大全abstract：:Protein modification by the conjugation of ubiquitin moieties--ubiquitination--plays a major part in many biological processes, including cell cycle and apoptosis. The enzymes that mediate ubiquitin-conjugation have been well-studied, but much less is known about the ubiquitin-specific proteases that mediate de-ubiqui...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature01811
更新日期：2003-08-14 00:00:00
abstract：:Ultra-compact dwarf galaxies are among the densest stellar systems in the Universe. These systems have masses of up to 2 × 10(8) solar masses, but half-light radii of just 3-50 parsecs. Dynamical mass estimates show that many such dwarfs are more massive than expected from their luminosity. It remains unclear whether ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13762
更新日期：2014-09-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The alpha-helix defined in 1951 by Pauling et al. on the basis of model building and X-ray fibre diffraction data has 3.65 residues per turn (n) achieved with planar peptides, torsion angles of phi = -48 degrees and psi = -57 degrees and hydrogen bonds which are close to linear. Although X-ray analyses of proteins hav...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/306281a0
更新日期：1983-11-17 00:00:00
abstract：:Common genetic contributions to autism spectrum disorder (ASD) reside in risk gene variants that individually have minimal effect sizes. As environmental factors that perturb neurodevelopment also underlie idiopathic ASD, it is crucial to identify altered regulators that can orchestrate multiple ASD risk genes during ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-018-0423-5
更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Metformin is considered to be one of the most effective therapeutics for treating type 2 diabetes because it specifically reduces hepatic gluconeogenesis without increasing insulin secretion, inducing weight gain or posing a risk of hypoglycaemia. For over half a century, this agent has been prescribed to patients wit...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature13270
更新日期：2014-06-26 00:00:00
abstract：:The methylation of vertebrate DNA at the 5-position of approximately 3-10% of its cytosine residues occurs in a sequence-specific and tissue-specific manner and has been implicated in the control of transcription. How these differences are established and how they mediate the initiation or maintenance of transcription...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/308293a0
更新日期：1984-03-15 00:00:00
abstract：:Kaposi's sarcoma-associated herpesvirus (KSHV, also known as human herpesvirus 8, or HHV 8) is a virus that is consistently present in Kaposi's sarcoma and in primary-effusion (body-cavity-based) lymphomas, malignancies that occur frequently, but not exclusively, in AIDS patients. KSHV is a gamma herpesvirus with homo...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/385347a0
更新日期：1997-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathogenesis in sickle cell disease depends on the polymerization of deoxyhaemoglobin S into long fibres followed by 'gel' formation. The 'gelation' renders the affected erythrocytes less deformable than normal so that they obstruct the microvasculature and the 'gelation' process has been one of the targets for the de...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/288622a0
更新日期：1980-12-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The cyclin-dependent kinases 4 and 6 (Cdk4/6) that control the G1 phase of the cell cycle and their inhibitor, the p16INK4a tumour suppressor, have a central role in cell proliferation and in tumorigenesis. The structures of Cdk6 bound to p16INK4a and to the related p19INK4d reveal that the INK4 inhibitors bind next t...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/26155
更新日期：1998-09-17 00:00:00
abstract：:In several well-characterized site-specific recombination systems it has been shown that, for efficient recombination, the two recombining sites must have identical DNA sequences across the region between the staggered points of exchange. The precise DNA sequence of this overlap region, however, appears to be of littl...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/332861a0
更新日期：1988-04-28 00:00:00
abstract：:The human transcription factor Sp1 binds upstream of certain viral and cellular promoters and activates initiation of RNA synthesis from these promoters by RNA polymerase II. The Sp1 binding sites of both simian virus 40 and a related monkey promoter contain multiple copies of the sequence GGGCGG, three or four of the...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/312409a0
更新日期：1984-11-29 00:00:00
abstract：:A product encoded at the claret locus in Drosophila is needed for normal chromosome segregation in meiosis in females and in early mitotic divisions of the embryo. The predicted amino-acid sequence of the segregation protein was shown recently to be strikingly similar to Drosophila kinesin heavy chain. We have express...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/347780a0
更新日期：1990-10-25 00:00:00
abstract：:Osteoarthritis-the most common form of age-related degenerative whole-joint disease1-is primarily characterized by cartilage destruction, as well as by synovial inflammation, osteophyte formation and subchondral bone remodelling2,3. However, the molecular mechanisms that underlie the pathogenesis of osteoarthritis are...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-019-0920-1
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Evolutionary adaptation can be rapid and potentially help species counter stressful conditions or realize ecological opportunities arising from climate change. The challenges are to understand when evolution will occur and to identify potential evolutionary winners as well as losers, such as species lacking adaptive c...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1038/nature09670
更新日期：2011-02-24 00:00:00
abstract：:The site of action of the antispastic drug baclofen has long been considered to reside in the spinal cord although supraspinal effects have also been reported. This beta-chlorophenyl derivative of the neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) depresses both monosynaptic and polysynaptic transmission in the cord ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/307071a0
更新日期：1984-01-05 00:00:00
abstract：:The polypeptide chains that make up proteins have thousands of atoms and hence millions of possible inter-atomic interactions. It might be supposed that the resulting complexity would make prediction of protein structure and protein-folding mechanisms nearly impossible. But the fundamental physics underlying folding m...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/35011000
更新日期：2000-05-04 00:00:00
abstract：:The identification of properties that contribute to the persistence and resilience of ecosystems despite climate change constitutes a research priority of global relevance. Here we present a novel, empirical approach to assess the relative sensitivity of ecosystems to climate variability, one property of resilience th...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature16986
更新日期：2016-03-10 00:00:00
abstract：:All forms of locomotion are repetitive motor activities that require coordinated bilateral activation of muscles. The executive elements of locomotor control are networks of spinal neurons that determine gait pattern through the sequential activation of motor-neuron pools on either side of the body axis. However, litt...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature12286
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:B lymphocytes originate from pluripotential haematopoietic stem cells and differentiate into immunoglobulin (Ig)-producing cells. B-cell lineage differentiation is accompanied by two types of immunoglobulin gene rearrangements--rearrangement of V, D and J gene segments to create a functional V gene and rearrangement o...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/303812a0
更新日期：1983-06-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Little is known about virus-host cell interactions that regulate the lytic potential of viruses during productive replication. Sindbis virus (SV), a single-stranded positive-sense RNA virus in the alphavirus genus (family Togaviridae), results in lytic infection in most vertebrate cell lines, but persistent productive...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/361739a0
更新日期：1993-02-25 00:00:00
abstract：:The UK Farm-Scale Evaluations (FSE) compared the effects on biodiversity of management of genetically modified herbicide-tolerant (GMHT) spring-sown crops with conventional crop management. The FSE reported larger weed abundance under GMHT management for fodder maize, one of three crops studied. Increased seed product...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature02374
更新日期：2004-03-18 00:00:00
abstract：:The terrestrial sediment record indicates that the Earth's climate varied drastically in the Precambrian era (before 550 million years ago), ranging from surface temperatures similar to or higher than today's to global glaciation events. The most continuous record of sea surface temperatures of that time has been deri...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature05239
更新日期：2006-10-26 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutating the CAACCCCAA sequence in the RNA component of telomerase causes the synthesis in vivo of new telomere sequences corresponding to the mutated RNA sequence, demonstrating that the telomerase contains the template for telomere synthesis. These mutations also lead to nuclear and cell division defects, and senesc...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/344126a0
更新日期：1990-03-08 00:00:00
abstract：:Heat is fundamental to power generation and many industrial processes, and is most useful at high temperatures because it can be converted more efficiently to other types of energy. However, efficient transportation, storage and conversion of heat at extreme temperatures (more than about 1,300 kelvin) is impractical f...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature24054
更新日期：2017-10-11 00:00:00
abstract：:Pathfinding by growing axons in the developing nervous system may be guided by gradients of extracellular guidance factors. Analogous to the process of chemotaxis in microorganisms, we found that axonal growth cones of cultured Xenopus spinal neurons exhibit adaptation during chemotactic migration, undergoing consecut...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature745
更新日期：2002-05-23 00:00:00
abstract：:A list of authors and their affiliations appears at the end of the paper New-particle formation is a major contributor to urban smog1,2, but how it occurs in cities is often puzzling3. If the growth rates of urban particles are similar to those found in cleaner environments (1-10 nanometres per hour), then existing un...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/s41586-020-2270-4
更新日期：2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:During formation of the neuromuscular junction, acetylcholine receptors in the endplate membrane become metabolically stabilized under neural control, their half-life increasing from about 1 day to about 10 days. The metabolic stability of the receptors is regulated by the electrical activity induced in the muscle by ...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/349337a0
更新日期：1991-01-24 00:00:00
abstract：:Natural products containing phosphorus-carbon bonds have found widespread use in medicine and agriculture. One such compound, phosphinothricin tripeptide, contains the unusual amino acid phosphinothricin attached to two alanine residues. Synthetic phosphinothricin (glufosinate) is a component of two top-selling herbic...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature07972
更新日期：2009-06-11 00:00:00
abstract：:The cell adhesion molecules L1, N-CAM and Ng-CAM have been implicated in cell-cell interactions among developing neural cells. L1 and N-CAM are structurally and functionally distinct molecular entities and act synergistically in mediating Ca2+-independent adhesion between re-aggregating early postnatal cerebellar cell...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1038/316728a0
更新日期：1985-08-22 00:00:00
abstract：:Climate change is predicted to increase both drought frequency and duration, and when coupled with substantial warming, will establish a new hydroclimatological model for many regions. Large-scale, warm droughts have recently occurred in North America, Africa, Europe, Amazonia and Australia, resulting in major effects...
journal_title：Nature
pub_type： 历史文章,杂志文章
doi：10.1038/nature11836
更新日期：2013-02-21 00:00:00
