Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Small molecule inhibitors targeting the CCR5 coreceptor represent a new class of drugs for treating HIV-1 infection. Maraviroc has received regulatory approvals, and vicriviroc is in phase 3 trials. Understanding how resistance to these drugs develops and is diagnosed is essential to guide clinical practice. We review what has been learned from in-vitro resistance studies, and how this relates to what is being seen, or can be anticipated, in clinical studies. RECENT FINDINGS:The principal resistance pathway in vitro involves continued use of CCR5 in an inhibitor-insensitive manner; the resistant viruses recognize the inhibitor-CCR5 complex, as well as free CCR5. Switching to use the CXCR4 coreceptor is rare. The principal genetic pathway involves accumulating 2-4 sequence changes in the gp120 V3 region, but a non-V3 pathway is also known. The limited information available from clinical studies suggests that a similar escape process is followed in vivo. However, the most common change associated with virologic failure involves expansion of pre-existing, CXCR4-using viruses that are insensitive to CCR5 inhibitors. SUMMARY:HIV-1 escapes small molecule CCR5 inhibitors by continuing to use CCR5 in an inhibitor-insensitive manner, or evades them by expanding naturally insensitive, CXCR4-using variants.
journal_name
Curr Opin HIV AIDSjournal_title
Current opinion in HIV and AIDSauthors
Moore JP,Kuritzkes DRdoi
10.1097/COH.0b013e3283223d46subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
118-24issue
2eissn
1746-630Xissn
1746-6318pii
01222929-200903000-00008journal_volume
4pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Deep sequencing of the V3 region of the HIV envelope gene can detect minority non-R5 variants in patients with high sensitivity and specificity. As next-generation sequencing approaches have matured, the clinical utility of deep sequencing for HIV tropism has entered the clinic. Accurate and sensitive...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328356e9da
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B infection is rarely curative, thus research in HBV cure strategies is a priority. Drug development and testing has been hampered by the lack of robust cell culture systems and small animal models. This review summarizes existing models for HBV cure research an...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000616
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review aims to summarize data in the last 18 months on the sexual and reproductive health of perinatally and horizontally infected adolescents and young people living with HIV (age 13-25 years) and to highlight some key issues faced by this group of adolescents as they reach puberty and sexual de...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000456
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Natural killer (NK) cells promote antiviral immunity by producing proinflammatory cytokines and by lysing infected cells. In addition, NK cells can modulate dendritic cell functions. NK-dendritic cell crosstalk results in activation of both cell types, with dendritic cells promoting NK-cell activity a...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328349b089
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article examines the dual HIV and sexually transmitted infection (STI) risk behaviors engaged in by women who use or inject drugs; the individual, social, and structural drivers of HIV and STI risk; prevention strategies; and the implications for multilevel, combined, sex-specific HIV prevention ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3283536ab2
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize recent trends in knowledge of HIV status, care and viral suppression, and the status of implementation of relevant contextual requirements for the United States to achieve the 90-90-90 goals. Recently, the US government announced a plan to decrease HIV incidence by over 90% by 2030. Reach...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000578
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the recent literature (2008-2010) on antiretroviral (ARV) drug disposition into the male and female genital tract. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent studies have confirmed that penetration of antiretroviral agents into the male and female genital tracts are both drug and sex specific. Concentration...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833a0b69
更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to examine the literature regarding HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders, early HIV infection of the central nervous system (CNS), the role of the peripheral immune system in controlling HIV infection and disease within the brain and the potential role that early antir...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32832dd0c2
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review current knowledge and the role of integrase inhibitors in the setting of HIV salvage therapy. We will discuss results from recent studies and literature and comment on the potential for integrase inhibitors in defined clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS:Raltegravir has been studied most inte...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328331b526
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is the paradoxical worsening or unmasking of an infection or neoplasm in HIV-1-infected patients shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. New insights into the pathogenesis of IRIS may help identify biomarkers that could be useful in pre...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed774
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article explores new data from recent studies addressing the role of coinfections in immune activation in HIV-1-infected patients, with a focus on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), an aberrant inflammatory response occurring shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation....
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000241
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the risk of cardiovascular complications in HIV-infected patients receiving combination antiretroviral treatment. RECENT FINDINGS:Recent data suggest that patients with chronic HIV infection will require continuous lifelong combination antiretroviral treatment, which may increase the risk o...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.COH.0000247389.08485.87
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Outcomes among young people living with HIV (YPLWH) remain disturbingly poor. We summarize recent research on youth-friendly services (YFS) and adolescent-specific differentiated care models, which may improve outcomes across the HIV care continuum for this vulnerable population. We further emphasize ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000454
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As understanding and integrating the structural and biomedical determinants of HIV infection is essential for the success of prevention efforts, there is a need for biomedical and social scientists to work together. RECENT FINDINGS:A review of the biomedical research literature indicates that the two...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32830136a0
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose is to review recent insights into the impact of HIV-associated immune activation on AIDS and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS:Immune activation has long been recognized as an important consequence of untreated HIV infection and predictor of AIDS progression, which decline...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000242
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore the utility of home and community-based HIV testing and counseling (HTC) to increase detection of undiagnosed HIV among female spouses and children of HIV-positive PWID in Punjab province, Pakistan. DESIGN:Between March 2014 and March 2015, home-based HTC was provided by a local NGO to spouses of...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000263
更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review current data on HIV-1 resistance arising from the use of fixed dose combination tenofovir disoproxil fumarate/emtricitabine (TDF/FTC) for preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) to prevent HIV-1 infection. RECENT FINDINGS:Resistance to tenofovir (TNV) or FTC is infrequently selected by TDF/FTC PrEP ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000209
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Nonhuman primate (NHP) models of AIDS are powerful systems for evaluating HIV vaccine approaches in vivo. Authentic features of HIV-1 transmission, dissemination, target cell tropism, and pathogenesis, and aspects of anti-HIV-1 immune responses, can be recapitulated in NHPs provided the appropriate, s...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000311
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Knowledge of HIV status is the gateway to HIV treatment and prevention, and optimizing this pillar is essential to bend the curve of the HIV epidemic toward zero new infections. This review will discuss the epidemiology of serostatus awareness, including disparities among key populations, and explore ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000590
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We reviewed recent literature on the role of family planning in eliminating new pediatric HIV infections. RECENT FINDINGS:Global commitments to eliminate new pediatric HIV infections recognize that preventing unintended pregnancies among women with HIV is essential to achieving this goal. However, su...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3283632bd7
更新日期:2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose of this review is to summarize the current standards of care for both HIV treatment and HIV prevention in 2019. RECENT FINDINGS:Current HIV treatment is started as soon as feasible in a person with HIV infection and consists of a three-drug oral daily antiretroviral regimen, consisting of...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000588
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Effective therapies have transformed HIV infection into a chronic disease, and new problems are arising related to aging. This article reviews the aging process, age-related deficit accumulation and frailty, and how these might be affected by chronic HIV infection. RECENT FINDINGS:Aging is characteri...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000070
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Osteoporosis remains an important focus of contemporary research in HIV, with co-morbidities and mortality from non-AIDS illnesses now a major barrier to normal lifespan in many populations living with HIV. This review outlines the major recent advances in our understanding of osteoporosis and fractur...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000080
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this paper is to assess the contribution of antiretroviral therapy to cardiovascular disease, by evaluating relevant clinical and surrogate outcome studies. RECENT FINDINGS:A large proportion of patients receiving antiretroviral therapy develop insulin resistance and dyslipidemia, particul...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3282fb7bcf
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It has been demonstrated that extensive virus diversification and antibody coevolution are necessary to give rise to broadly neutralizing antibodies targeting the envelope protein of HIV-1. Here, we discuss recent progress of vaccine design approaches aiming on strategies to initiate and guide B-cell ...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000356
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Research directed toward an HIV cure presents ethical as well as scientific challenges. RECENT FINDINGS:International guidelines, regulations, and the medical literature provide helpful guidance on protecting research participants. SUMMARY:This review presents points to consider for researchers, spo...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32835ea1c5
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The achievement of significant reductions in the price of antiretroviral drugs constitutes one of the main economic pillars of antiretroviral treatment scale-up in developing countries. Today this economic pillar is threatened. RECENT FINDINGS:The prohibitive prices of newer first-line and second-lin...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833860ba
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review discusses the use of the inhibitory quotient in light of therapeutic drug monitoring of antiretroviral drugs. The inhibitory quotient is a parameter that combines viral resistance data with drug exposure data, and has its main role in therapeutic drug monitoring of protease inhibitors in e...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3282fbaaba
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It is generally accepted that a high degree of adherence to the dosing regimens of protease inhibitors is essential to avoid virological failure. It is also believed that once-daily dosing of protease inhibitors, by improving adherence, will lead to better outcomes. This review will discuss the patter...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32831271c2
更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:People with HIV continue to live with the health consequences of an episodic illness that limits their ability to fully participate in society, particularly for the growing number of older people living with HIV. The present review describes the recent evidence exploring the psychosocial challenges fa...
journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000071
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00