Role of immune activation in progression to AIDS.

Abstract:

PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The purpose is to review recent insights into the impact of HIV-associated immune activation on AIDS and non-AIDS morbidity and mortality. RECENT FINDINGS:Immune activation has long been recognized as an important consequence of untreated HIV infection and predictor of AIDS progression, which declines but fails to normalize during suppressive antiretroviral therapy, and continues to predict disease in this setting. Thus, a major research agenda is to develop novel therapies to reduce persistent immune activation in treated HIV infection. Yet, the optimal targets for interventions remain unclear. Both the specific root causes of immune activation and the many interconnected pathways of immune activation that are most likely to drive disease risk in HIV-infected individuals remain incompletely characterized, but recent studies have shed new light on these topics. SUMMARY:In the context of this review, we will summarize recent evidence helping to elucidate the immunologic pathways that appear most strongly predictive of infectious and noninfectious morbidity. We will also highlight the likelihood that not all root drivers of immune activation - and the discrete immunologic pathways to which they give rise - are likely to produce the same disease manifestations and/or be equally attenuated by early antiretroviral therapy initiation.

journal_name

Curr Opin HIV AIDS

authors

Utay NS,Hunt PW

doi

10.1097/COH.0000000000000242

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2016-03-01 00:00:00

pages

131-7

issue

2

eissn

1746-630X

issn

1746-6318

journal_volume

11

pub_type

杂志文章,评审
  • Biomarkers in immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome: signals from pathogenesis.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) is the paradoxical worsening or unmasking of an infection or neoplasm in HIV-1-infected patients shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation. New insights into the pathogenesis of IRIS may help identify biomarkers that could be useful in pre...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833ed774

    authors: Sereti I,Rodger AJ,French MA

    更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00

  • Reaching 90-90-90 in Botswana.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Botswana, a small country in southern Africa, has had a very high prevalence of HIV since about 1995. It seems important to analyze the response of this country to help us understand how it became one of the first nations to achieve the 90-90-90 targets. RECENT FINDINGS:Botswana began a national prog...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000580

    authors: Essex M,Makhema J,Lockman S

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Th17 cell dynamics in HIV infection.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Th17 cells are a newly identified subtype of CD4 T cells that respond to bacterial and fungal antigens and are important in mucosal immunology. Because HIV infection results in loss of CD4 T cells as well as disruption to the gastrointestinal tract that causes microbial translocation and immune activa...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3283364846

    authors: Klatt NR,Brenchley JM

    更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00

  • Which HIV patients should be screened for osteoporosis: an international perspective.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This review provides international insights into the real-world clinical approach to screening for bone mineral density (BMD) and osteoporosis in people living with HIV (PLWH) using opinions from HIV physicians from key regions around the world. RECENT FINDINGS:Although a significant proportion of PL...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000269

    authors: Alvarez E,Belloso WH,Boyd MA,Inkaya AÇ,Hsieh E,Kambugu A,Kaminski G,Martinez E,Stellbrink HJ,Walmsley S,Brown TT,Mallon PW

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Next-generation sequencing to assess HIV tropism.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Deep sequencing of the V3 region of the HIV envelope gene can detect minority non-R5 variants in patients with high sensitivity and specificity. As next-generation sequencing approaches have matured, the clinical utility of deep sequencing for HIV tropism has entered the clinic. Accurate and sensitive...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328356e9da

    authors: Swenson LC,Däumer M,Paredes R

    更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00

  • Understanding and integrating the structural and biomedical determinants of HIV infection: a way forward for prevention.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:As understanding and integrating the structural and biomedical determinants of HIV infection is essential for the success of prevention efforts, there is a need for biomedical and social scientists to work together. RECENT FINDINGS:A review of the biomedical research literature indicates that the two...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32830136a0

    authors: Kippax S

    更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiological challenges to the assessment of HIV burdens among key populations: respondent-driven sampling, time-location sampling and demographic and health surveys.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Measuring the burden of HIV among key populations is subject to many challenges. Sufficient quantities of valid HIV prevalence and programme coverage data are required to effectively respond to the epidemic. RECENT FINDINGS:Ability to validate exposure to unprotected sex through the innovative use of...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000046

    authors: Sabin KM,Johnston LG

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Microbicides: chemistry, structure, and strategy.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To highlight promising areas of research and preview future generations of microbicides, this review will focus on reports that described new cellular or viral targets, drug substances, or strategies that are specifically intended for topical microbicides. Those reports that dealt with the design, dis...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32830ab9dd

    authors: Zydowsky TM

    更新日期:2008-09-01 00:00:00

  • HIV vaccine development at the turn of the 21st century.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review the status of HIV vaccine development RECENT FINDINGS:Since the discovery of HIV-1 in the early 1980s considerable effort has been exerted to develop a prophylactic vaccine, with relatively meagre results. The absence of natural immunity has proven to be a major stumbling block in identifyi...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32834ddc96

    authors: Girard MP,Plotkin SA

    更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00

  • Role of the gastrointestinal tract in establishing infection in primates and humans.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here we present recent studies examining the gastrointestinal tract during primary HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus infections and emphasizing the onset of severe pathologic processes that are not adequately reflected in peripheral blood. We discuss these findings and hypotheses relating to the r...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3282f331b0

    authors: Mehandru S,Dandekar S

    更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00

  • The microbiome and HIV persistence: implications for viral remission and cure.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article discusses the interaction between HIV infection, the gut microbiome, inflammation and immune activation, and HIV reservoirs, along with interventions to target the microbiome and their implications for HIV remission and cure. RECENT FINDINGS:Most studies show that HIV-infected adults hav...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000434

    authors: Koay WLA,Siems LV,Persaud D

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Kill: boosting HIV-specific immune responses.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Increasing evidence suggests that purging the latent HIV reservoir in virally suppressed individuals will require both the induction of viral replication from its latent state and the elimination of these reactivated HIV-infected cells ('Shock and Kill' strategy). Boosting potent HIV-specific CD8 T ce...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000286

    authors: Trautmann L

    更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00

  • The dysfunction of T follicular helper cells.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:T follicular helper (Tfh) cells play a critical role as providers of B-cell help and dysfunction in Tfh/B-cell interactions can lead to autoimmunity or immunodeficiency. These observations have generated a great deal of interest in understanding how these cells are affected during HIV infection and ho...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000095

    authors: Cubas R,Perreau M

    更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00

  • Repositioning HIV protease inhibitors as cancer therapeutics.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although designed to target only the HIV protease, HIV protease inhibitors induce toxicities in patients such as insulin resistance and lipodystrophy that suggest that protease inhibitors have other targets in mammalian cells. Akt controls insulin signaling and is an important target in cancer, but no...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328313915d

    authors: Bernstein WB,Dennis PA

    更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00

  • Evolving clinical phenotypes in HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the changes in the presentation of HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders (HAND) comparing the current combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) treatment era to the pre-cART era. RECENT FINDINGS:The frequency of the most severe stage of HAND, HIV-associated dementia (HAD), has decreased...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000102

    authors: Sacktor N,Robertson K

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Modelling sexual transmission of HIV: testing the assumptions, validating the predictions.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To discuss the role of mathematical models of sexual transmission of HIV: the methods used and their impact. RECENT FINDINGS:We use mathematical modelling of 'universal test and treat' as a case study to illustrate wider issues relevant to all modelling of sexual HIV transmission. SUMMARY:Mathematic...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32833a51b2

    authors: Baggaley RF,Fraser C

    更新日期:2010-07-01 00:00:00

  • The antibody response in HIV-1-infected donors.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Although the goal of preventive HIV vaccine design is primarily the induction of broadly neutralizing antibodies (bNAbs), recent evidence suggests that a protective response will also benefit from Fc effector functions. Here, we provide an update on the antibody response to HIV infection, including bo...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000559

    authors: Richardson SI,Moore PL

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00

  • The mucosal barrier and immune activation in HIV pathogenesis.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Significant gastrointestinal pathology occurs in progressive HIV and simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infections. This review will examine the relationship between the detrimental events to the gastrointestinal tract during the acute phase of infection and disease progression through the chronic ph...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3282f9ae9c

    authors: Brenchley JM,Douek DC

    更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00

  • Qualitative host factors associated with immunological control of HIV infection by CD8 T cells.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Despite significant technical advances that have permitted an increasingly more quantitative and detailed study of virus-specific cellular immunity over the past few years, our understanding of the nature of immunological control in rare cases of non-progressive HIV infection and diminished control in...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.COH.0000194108.14601.69

    authors: Migueles SA,Tilton JC,Connors M

    更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00

  • HIV infection and immune activation: the role of coinfections.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article explores new data from recent studies addressing the role of coinfections in immune activation in HIV-1-infected patients, with a focus on immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS), an aberrant inflammatory response occurring shortly after antiretroviral therapy (ART) initiation....

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000241

    authors: Boulougoura A,Sereti I

    更新日期:2016-03-01 00:00:00

  • Integrase inhibitors in salvage therapy regimens for HIV-1 infection.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To review current knowledge and the role of integrase inhibitors in the setting of HIV salvage therapy. We will discuss results from recent studies and literature and comment on the potential for integrase inhibitors in defined clinical settings. RECENT FINDINGS:Raltegravir has been studied most inte...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328331b526

    authors: Koelsch KK,Cooper DA

    更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00

  • HIV vaccine research and discovery in the nonhuman primates model: a unified theory in acquisition prevention and control of SIV infection.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Here we highlight the latest advances in HIV vaccine concepts that will expand our knowledge on how to elicit effective acquisition-prevention and/or control of simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) replication in the nonhuman primate (NHP) model. RECENT FINDINGS:In the context of the promising analyse...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328361cfe8

    authors: Lynch RM,Yamamoto T,McDermott AB

    更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00

  • Clinical management of HIV infection in children.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The aim of this article is to review recent advances in the clinical care of HIV-infected children. RECENT FINDINGS:Obstacles to diagnosing HIV in children and providing clinical care to those HIV infected relate to a number of technical and operational factors. Most countries now have antiretroviral...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e3282ddedf5

    authors: Crowley S,Kekitiinwa A,Vaz P

    更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00

  • The protease inhibitors and HIV-associated bone loss.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:HIV infection is an established risk factor for osteoporosis and bone fracture. Combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) increases bone resorption leading to an additional 2-6% bone mineral density (BMD) loss within the first 1-2 years of therapy. Although tenofovir disoproxil fumarate is often blame...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000260

    authors: Moran CA,Weitzmann MN,Ofotokun I

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Recent mobile health interventions to support medication adherence among HIV-positive MSM.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We describe recent mobile health (mHealth) interventions supporting antiretroviral therapy (ART) medication adherence among HIV-positive MSM. RECENT FINDINGS:Keyword searches (1 January 2016-13 May 2017) identified 721 citations. Seven publications reporting on six studies met inclusion criteria. Fiv...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000401

    authors: Muessig KE,LeGrand S,Horvath KJ,Bauermeister JA,Hightow-Weidman LB

    更新日期:2017-09-01 00:00:00

  • Epidemiology and clinical characteristics of elite controllers.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent studies have been published characterizing the epidemiology of elite controllers. The demographic features, clinical characteristics, and HIV disease outcomes of elite controllers are summarized. RECENT FINDINGS:Elite controllers are defined by the ability to spontaneously suppress plasma vire...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e328344f35e

    authors: Okulicz JF,Lambotte O

    更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00

  • Variable adherence to prescribed dosing regimens for protease inhibitors: scope and outcomes.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:It is generally accepted that a high degree of adherence to the dosing regimens of protease inhibitors is essential to avoid virological failure. It is also believed that once-daily dosing of protease inhibitors, by improving adherence, will lead to better outcomes. This review will discuss the patter...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/COH.0b013e32831271c2

    authors: Blaschke TF

    更新日期:2008-11-01 00:00:00

  • Evaluation and management of early virological failure.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To describe the causes, evaluation, and management of early virological failure in patients treated with their first antiretroviral regimen. RECENT FINDINGS:Combination antiretroviral therapy predictably induces a rapid virological response, with the majority of patients achieving an undetectable HIV...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1097/01.COH.0000239853.99742.0f

    authors: Sax PE

    更新日期:2006-09-01 00:00:00

  • The first 90: the gateway to prevention and care: opening slowly, but not for all.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Knowledge of HIV status is the gateway to HIV treatment and prevention, and optimizing this pillar is essential to bend the curve of the HIV epidemic toward zero new infections. This review will discuss the epidemiology of serostatus awareness, including disparities among key populations, and explore ...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000590

    authors: Thompson M

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • A role for antibodies in natural HIV control.

    abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Rare patients naturally control HIV replication without antiretroviral therapy. Understanding the mechanisms implicated in natural HIV control will inform the development of immunotherapies against HIV. Elite controllers are known for developing efficient antiviral T-cell responses, but recent finding...

    journal_title:Current opinion in HIV and AIDS

    pub_type: 杂志文章,评审

    doi:10.1097/COH.0000000000000554

    authors: Moris A,Pereira M,Chakrabarti L

    更新日期:2019-07-01 00:00:00