Abstract:
:Microscopic eukaryotes are known to have important ecosystem functions, but their diversity in most environments remains vastly unexplored. Here we analyzed an 18S rRNA gene library from a subsurface iron- and sulfur-oxidizing microbial community growing in highly acidic (pH < 0.9) runoff within the Richmond Mine at Iron Mountain (northern California). Phylogenetic analysis revealed that the majority (68%) of the sequences belonged to fungi. Protists falling into the deeply branching lineage named the acidophilic protist clade (APC) and the class Heterolobosea were also present. The APC group represents kingdom-level novelty, with <76% sequence similarity to 18S rRNA gene sequences of organisms from other environments. Fluorescently labeled oligonucleotide rRNA probes were designed to target each of these groups in biofilm samples, enabling abundance and morphological characterization. Results revealed that the populations vary significantly with the habitat and no group is ubiquitous. Surprisingly, many of the eukaryotic lineages (with the exception of the APC) are closely related to neutrophiles, suggesting that they recently adapted to this extreme environment. Molecular analyses presented here confirm that the number of eukaryotic species associated with the acid mine drainage (AMD) communities is low. This finding is consistent with previous results showing a limited diversity of archaea, bacteria, and viruses in AMD environments and suggests that the environmental pressures and interplay between the members of these communities limit species diversity at all trophic levels.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Baker BJ,Tyson GW,Goosherst L,Banfield JFdoi
10.1128/AEM.02500-08subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-04-01 00:00:00pages
2192-9issue
7eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336pii
AEM.02500-08journal_volume
75pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Large numbers of bacteriophages (2 x 10(7) to 1 x 10(8)/ml) were present in ruminal fluid from sheep and cattle. Twenty-six distinct types were identified and placed in three morphological groups; several phages possessed unusual structural features. The large numbers and diversity of phages observed indicates a possi...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.6.1637-1641.1988
更新日期:1988-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aerobic, glucose-limited chemostat cultures of Saccharomyces cerevisiae CEN.PK113-7D were grown with different nitrogen sources. Cultures grown with phenylalanine, leucine, or methionine as a nitrogen source contained high levels of the corresponding fusel alcohols and organic acids, indicating activity of the Ehrlich...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.6.3276-3284.2005
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Twenty-six subsurface samples were collected from a borehole at depths of 173.3 to 196.8 m in the saturated zone at the Hanford Site in south-central Washington State. The sampling was performed throughout strata that included fine-grained lacustrine (lake) sediments, a paleosol (buried soil) sequence, and coarse-grai...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.2.749-757.1995
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 113 strains of mesophilic strains lactic streptococci of the species Streptococcus lactis, S. lactis subsp. diacetilactis, and S. cremoris, chosen from 291 strains that had been previously classified into six groups on the basis of their sensitivity to 132 virulent phages, were subjected to induction with m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.43.2.349-356.1982
更新日期:1982-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The N-acetylglucosaminidase LytB of Streptococcus pneumoniae is involved in nasopharyngeal colonization and is responsible for cell separation at the end of cell division; thus, ΔlytB mutants form long chains of cells. This paper reports the construction and properties of a defective pneumococcal mutant producing an i...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00280-20
更新日期:2020-05-05 00:00:00
abstract::An efficient method for the transformation of the methylotrophic bacterium Methylobacterium extorquens NR-2 with a broad-host-range plasmid, pLA2917, by electroporation was examined. Transformants of M. extorquens NR-2 expressing resistance to kanamycin were obtained after electric pulse. These transformants were foun...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.4.924-926.1991
更新日期:1991-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Xenorhabdus nematophila, a bacterium pathogenic for insects associated with the nematode Steinernema carpocapsae, releases high quantities of proteases, which may participate in the virulence against insects. Zymogram assays and cross-reactions of antibodies suggested that two distinct proteases were present. The majo...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.3.1297-1304.2002
更新日期:2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Heterotrophic bacteria in the SAR11 and Roseobacter lineages shape the marine carbon, nitrogen, phosphorous, and sulfur cycles, yet they do so having adopted divergent ecological strategies. Currently, it is unknown whether these globally significant groups partition into specific niches with respect to micronutrients...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03128-15
更新日期:2016-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Allozyme electrophoresis and restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) analyses were used to examine the genetic diversity of a collection of 18 Rhizobium leguminosarum bv. trifolii, 1 R. leguminosarum bv. viciae, and 2 R. meliloti strains. Allozyme analysis at 28 loci revealed 16 electrophoretic types. The mean...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.12.3489-3495.1991
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Small-subunit ribosomal DNA (SSU rDNA) from 20 phenotypically distinct strains of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D)-degrading bacteria was partially sequenced, yielding 18 unique strains belonging to members of the alpha, beta, and gamma subgroups of the class Proteobacteria. To understand the origin of 2,4-D deg...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.64.10.4089-4092.1998
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The following two factors significantly influence estimates of the maximum specific growth rate ( micro (max)) and the lag-phase duration (lambda): (i) the technique used to monitor bacterial growth and (ii) the model fitted to estimate parameters. In this study, nine strains of Listeria monocytogenes were monitored s...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.12.5816-5825.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vaginal mucosa of ovariectomized female rats has been examined by scanning electron microscopy before and after estrogen [1,3,5(10)-estratriene-3,17beta-diol] treatment. Without estrogen stimulation vaginal colonization is minimal and the epithelium is characterized by a layer of epithelial cells covered with smal...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.34.1.80-87.1977
更新日期:1977-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thiolase (acetyl coenzyme A acetyltransferase; EC 2.3.1.9) from Clostridium acetobutylicum is a key enzyme in the production of acids and solvents in this organism. The purification and properties of the enzyme have already been described (D. P. Wiesenborn, F. B. Rudolph, and E.T. Papoutsakis, Appl. Environ. Microbiol...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.9.2735-2741.1991
更新日期:1991-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The acid-insoluble metal sulfides FeS2, MoS2, and WS2 are chemically attacked by iron(III) hexahydrate ions, generating thiosulfate, which is oxidized to sulfuric acid. Other metal sulfides are attacked by iron(III) ions and by protons, resulting in the formation of elemental sulfur via intermediary polysulfides. Sulf...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.1.319-321.1999
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A beta-mannanase (EC 3.2.1.78) from Vibrio sp. strain MA-138 was purified by ammonium sulfate precipitation and several chromatographic procedures including gel filtration, adsorption, and ion-exchange chromatographies. The final ion-exchange chromatography Mono Q yielded one major active fraction and three minor acti...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.61.12.4454-4458.1995
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two types of endosymbiotic bacteria were identified in the gastrodermis of the marine invertebrate Xenoturbella bocki (Xenoturbellida, Bilateria). While previously described Chlamydia-like endosymbionts were rare, Gammaproteobacteria distantly related to other endosymbionts and pathogens were abundant. The endosymbion...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01092-09
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Differences in individual host responses have emerged as an issue regarding the health benefits of probiotics. Here, we applied ribosome engineering (RE) technology, developed in an actinomycete study, to Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG). RE can effectively enhance microbial potential by using antibiotics to indu...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01448-20
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the harmful side effects on indigenous soil microorganisms of two organic solvents, acetone and dichloromethane, that are normally used for spiking of soil with polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons for experimental purposes. The solvents were applied in two contamination protocols to either the whole soil samp...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.4.1808-1816.2002
更新日期:2002-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we describe a novel clade within Ensifer meliloti and consider how geographic and ecological isolation contributed to the limited distribution of this group. Members of the genus Ensifer are best known for their ability to form nitrogen-fixing symbioses with forage legumes of three related genera, Medicago L., M...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03446-16
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We developed an improved method for cultivation-independent sorting of bacterial cells. The technique is based on labeling the target cells by in situ hybridization with polynucleotide transcript probes. Due to the probes' length, part of the probe remains outside the cell and can subsequently be used to capture the c...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.494-497.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have assembled a collection of 13 psychrophilic ligA alleles that can serve as genetic elements for engineering mesophiles to a temperature-sensitive (TS) phenotype. When these ligA alleles were substituted into Francisella novicida, they conferred a TS phenotype with restrictive temperatures between 33 and 39°C. W...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03890-15
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Upstream of the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) chitinase G gene, a small gene (named chb3) is located whose deduced product shares 37% identical amino acids with the previously described CHB1 protein from Streptomyces olivaceoviridis. The chb3 gene and its upstream region were cloned in a multicopy vector and transform...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.67.3.1268-1273.2001
更新日期:2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The McMurdo Dry Valleys (MCM) of southern Victoria Land, Antarctica, harbor numerous ice-covered bodies of water that provide year-round liquid water oases for isolated food webs dominated by the microbial loop. Single-cell microbial eukaryotes (protists) occupy major trophic positions within this truncated ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00478-16
更新日期:2016-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Halophenols such as 2,4-dibromophenol (DBP) occur naturally in some marine sediments, as a consequence of various animal and algal activities. In an earlier study, DBP was observed in the burrow microenvironment of the hemichordate Saccoglossus kowalewskii. At the concentrations found in the burrow lining, aerobic res...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.12.3079-3085.1988
更新日期:1988-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chlamydiae are important pathogens of humans and animals but diagnosis of chlamydial infections is still hampered by inadequate detection methods. Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) using rRNA-targeted oligonucleotide probes is widely used for the investigation of uncultured bacteria in complex microbial commun...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.8.4081-4089.2002
更新日期:2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Circular bacteriocins are a group of N-to-C-terminally linked antimicrobial peptides, produced by Gram-positive bacteria of the phylum Firmicutes. Circular bacteriocins generally exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, including against common food-borne pathogens, such as Clostridium and Listeria spp. These pe...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1128/AEM.02284-14
更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Candida parapsilosis, C. tropicalis, and Torulopsis glabrata were the human-associated yeasts most frequently isolated from quahogs, oysters, and mussels collected from four estuarine areas along the northern shore of Long Island Sound. Some inconsistency and seasonal variation in the occurrence of these and other yea...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.33.2.370-378.1977
更新日期:1977-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae normally cannot assimilate mannitol, a promising brown macroalgal carbon source for bioethanol production. The molecular basis of this inability remains unknown. We found that cells capable of assimilating mannitol arose spontaneously from wild-type S. cerevisiae during prolonged culture in ma...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02906-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of solar radiation and predacious microorganisms on the survival of bacteria of fecal and plant origin was studied. The decline in the numbers of Escherichia coli cells in estuarine water samples was found to be significantly greater in the presence of both naturally occurring microbial predators and solar ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.41.5.1083-1087.1981
更新日期:1981-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In this work we investigated the antibacterial properties of differently shaped silver nanoparticles against the gram-negative bacterium Escherichia coli, both in liquid systems and on agar plates. Energy-filtering transmission electron microscopy images revealed considerable changes in the cell membranes upon treatme...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02218-06
更新日期:2007-03-01 00:00:00