Water supply, sanitation and diarrhoeal disease in Nicaragua: results from a case-control study.

abstract：BACKGROUND:The objective of this retrospective cohort study was to assess the effect of hysterectomy on subsequent risk of cancer among 25,382 hysterectomized and a similar number of non-hysterectomized control women, registered in 1963-1976 in the Mass Screening Registry (MSR). METHODS:Cancer cases were obtained from...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Luoto R,Auvinen A,Pukkala E,Hakama M

更新日期：1997-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from the Seven Countries Study are analysed to examine the relationship between the observed incidence of Coronary Heart Disease in the second 5-year period of follow-up and the major entry risk factors and their changes over the first 5 years. The analysis, using the Multiple Logistic Function model, shows that ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Farchi G,Capocaccia R,Verdecchia A,Menotti A,Keys A

更新日期：1981-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Data from the Stockholm Health of the Population Study in 1984 (n = 6217) show small differences in mean alcohol consumption and in the prevalence of high consumers in various socioeconomic and educational categories of both sexes. Among young people mean consumption was higher in those who had low formal education, e...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Romelsjö A

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Increasing life expectancy has brought public health concern about the increase in prevalence of disability in old age. Reducing the prevalence of disability in older age requires the identification of preventable or modifiable risk factors earlier in life. We have examined the relationship between lifestyle...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Ebrahim S,Wannamethee SG,Whincup P,Walker M,Shaper AG

更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper contains part of the results of a repetitive and comprehensive analysis of accidents among bus drivers. In a series of articles different aspects of the aetiology of bus drivers' accidents will be highlighted. The results presented indicate a strong negative association of experience with accident risk, mod...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Blom DH,Pokorny ML,van Leeuwen P

更新日期：1987-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Management of medical services necessitates decisions regarding the possibly ineffective treatment programmes, hospitals and (even) individual practitioners. Although rigorous evaluations of effectiveness can only be achieved by randomized trials there has been, in recent years, much increase in audit (or peer review)...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： West RR,Willis JD

更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Microscopic examination of multiple faeces samples of 2 825 persons was carried out in the Metropolitan Lagos. Overall prevalence of Entamoeba histolytica was 11.2%. Prevalence increased rapidly in younger age groups and there were no real differences between males and females. Prevalence was high among families who a...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Oyerinde JP,Alonge AA,Adegbite-Hollist AF,Ogunbi O

更新日期：1979-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:End-stage renal disease (ESRD) incidence and prevalence are increasing in many countries worldwide. Due to the high cost of therapy, predicting future numbers of patients requiring dialysis and transplantation is necessary for health care planners. Projecting therapy-specific chronic disease prevalence is in...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Schaubel DE,Morrison HI,Desmeules M,Parsons D,Fenton SS

更新日期：1998-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Predictions concerning people and their health are influenced by many factors and have many sources of uncertainty. Even so predictions can give useful guidelines for health care planning. We present a Bayesian model based on past observations and prior knowledge to predict coronary heart disease (CHD) morta...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Huovinen E,Härkänen T,Martelin T,Koskinen S,Aromaa A

更新日期：2006-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:It is well established now that the incidence of schizophrenia is extremely high for several ethnic minority groups in western Europe, but there is considerable variation among groups. We investigated whether the increased risk among these groups depends upon the degree to which they perceive discrimination ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Veling W,Selten JP,Susser E,Laan W,Mackenbach JP,Hoek HW

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVES:To develop a profile of non-biochemical coronary risks for the South Asian population (predominantly Punjabi with origins in the Indian subcontinent) and the general population in Glasgow, with a focus on dietary patterns, and potential causes of stress. DESIGN:Cross-sectional survey of South Asian men and ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Williams R,Bhopal R,Hunt K

更新日期：1994-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Immunocompromised patients are at increased risk of acquiring healthcare-associated infections (HAIs) and often require specialized models of care. Surveillance of HAIs is essential for effective infection-prevention programmes. However, little is known regarding standardized or specific surveillance methods...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Valentine JC,Hall L,Verspoor KM,Worth LJ

更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:This paper investigates trends in suicide rate, the reasons for and means of suicide and the occupation of deceased, to prioritize suicide prevention activities in India and to highlight the limitations to data quality for surveillance. Methods:Data available in the public domain from the National Crimes Re...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Dandona R,Bertozzi-Villa A,Kumar GA,Dandona L

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Longitudinal cohort studies in sub-Saharan Africa are urgently needed to understand cardiovascular disease development. We, therefore, explored health behaviours and conventional risk factors of African individuals with optimal blood pressure (BP) (≤ 120/80 mm Hg), and their 5-year prediction for the develop...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Schutte AE,Schutte R,Huisman HW,van Rooyen JM,Fourie CM,Malan NT,Malan L,Mels CM,Smith W,Moss SJ,Towers GW,Kruger HS,Wentzel-Viljoen E,Vorster HH,Kruger A

更新日期：2012-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Research in modern biomedicine and social science requires sample sizes so large that they can often only be achieved through a pooled co-analysis of data from several studies. But the pooling of information from individuals in a central database that may be queried by researchers raises important ethico-leg...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Gaye A,Marcon Y,Isaeva J,LaFlamme P,Turner A,Jones EM,Minion J,Boyd AW,Newby CJ,Nuotio ML,Wilson R,Butters O,Murtagh B,Demir I,Doiron D,Giepmans L,Wallace SE,Budin-Ljøsne I,Oliver Schmidt C,Boffetta P,Boniol M,B

更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone and pivmecillinam are the antibiotics currently recommended by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the treatment of dysentery in children; yet there have been no reviews of the clinical effectiveness of these antibiotics in recent years. METHODS:We reviewed all literature repo...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Traa BS,Walker CL,Munos M,Black RE

更新日期：2010-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Preliminary research suggests an association between depression and subsequent increased risk of infections, yet little is known on this topic. This study investigated the association between depression and risk of various types of infections, including temporal and dose-response relationships. METHODS:A pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Andersson NW,Goodwin RD,Okkels N,Gustafsson LN,Taha F,Cole SW,Munk-Jørgensen P

更新日期：2016-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In an extensive health survey 115 male viscose rayon workers exposed to carbon disulphide (CS2) and 76 referents not exposed to this chemical were interviewed using the WHO cardiovascular questionnaire and responded to a self-administered questionnaire. A 12-lead ECG was taken and coded using the Minnesota code. Blood...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Vanhoorne M,De Bacquer D,De Backer G

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A multidisciplinary approach to research has been one of the hallmarks of Walter Holland's outstanding career in medical research. Studies arising from evaluation of the Cancer Research Campaign's health education programme for the early detection of cutaneous malignant melanoma were reviewed at Walter's Festschrift b...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Melia J

更新日期：1995-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：Background:Infectious disease interventions are increasingly tested using cluster-randomized trials (CRTs). These trial settings tend to involve a set of sampling units, such as villages, whose geographic arrangement may present a contamination risk in treatment exposure. The most widely used approach for reducing cont...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： McCann RS,van den Berg H,Takken W,Chetwynd AG,Giorgi E,Terlouw DJ,Diggle PJ

更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:We explored methods to develop uncorrelated variables for epidemiological analysis models. They were used to examine associations between respiratory health outcomes and multiple household risk factors. METHODS:We analysed data collected in the Four Chinese Cities Study (FCCS) to examine health effects on p...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Qian Z,Zhang J,Korn LR,Wei F,Chapman RS

更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Child feeding recommendations include breastfeeding beyond 12 months, however, some researchers have reported increased rates of malnutrition in breastfed toddlers. A negative association between growth and breast-feeding may reflect reverse causality; that is, the outcome (growth) is a determinant of the pr...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Marquis GS,Habicht JP,Lanata CF,Black RE,Rasmussen KM

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In September 1665, an outbreak of plague occurred in Eyam, a small village 10 miles west of Sheffield, in an isolated valley of Derbyshire. Eighty per cent of the population died during the 14 months of the epidemic, a greater proportion than any other community in England. When plague threatened to cause panic and de...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Coleman MP

更新日期：1986-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:This study is an attempt to apply Markov process modelling to health status switching behaviour of infants. The data for the study consist of monthly records of diagnosed illnesses for 1152 children, each observed from the month of first contact with Kasangati Health Centre, Kampala, Uganda, until age 18 mon...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Biritwum RB,Odoom SI

更新日期：1995-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There has been a general decline in mortality from ischaemic heart disease (IHD) in Finland since the beginning of the 1970s. An intensified preventive programme was started in the province of North Karelia in 1972. Between 1974 and 1979 the decline in IHD mortality in North Karelian men was steeper than that in the r...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Tuomilehto J,Puska P,Korhonen H,Mustaniemi H,Vartiainen E,Nissinen A,Kuulasmaa K,Niemensivu H,Salonen JT

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The European Prospective Investigation of Cancer (EPIC) is a 10-country collaborative study in which EPIC-Norfolk is one of the UK centres. EPIC-Norfolk examined 25 639 men and women resident in East Anglia (aged 40-79 years), between 1993 and 1997. The EPIC collaboration was set up to examine the dietary determinants...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Hayat SA,Luben R,Keevil VL,Moore S,Dalzell N,Bhaniani A,Khawaja AP,Foster P,Brayne C,Wareham NJ,Khaw KT

更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of smoking habits, socio-occupational factors and respiratory symptoms in the development of airflow obstruction have been studied in a working population of 575 men aged 30-54 in 1960 and surveyed in 1960 and 1972. On average, FEV1 decreased by 47 ml/annum. Apart from FEV1 level, which reflects loss since...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Kauffmann F,Drouet D,Lellouch J,Brille D

更新日期：1979-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:To determine the presence of interaction in epidemiologic research, typically a product term is added to the regression model. In linear regression, the regression coefficient of the product term reflects interaction as departure from additivity. However, in logistic regression it refers to interaction as de...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Knol MJ,van der Tweel I,Grobbee DE,Numans ME,Geerlings MI

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:The long average incubation time from HIV infection to AIDS makes it difficult to estimate recent HIV transmission from AIDS incidence data. Age-period-cohort (APC) analysis can separate out the effects of age, calendar time and birth cohort to provide a clearer picture of transmission trends. METHODS:AIDS ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Houweling H,Wiessing LG,Hamers FF,Termorshuizen F,Gill ON,Sprenger MJ

更新日期：1999-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper argues that the perspective of economics is valuable in assessing the desirability, purpose and effectiveness of public intervention to reduce occupational accidents and diseases and suggests that the concept of efficiency provides one (although not the only) important criterion by which to judge policy in ...

journal_title：International journal of epidemiology

authors： Henderson J

更新日期：1983-03-01 00:00:00