Abstract：
:Diagnosis of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection by antibody-based testing allows for some recently infected individuals to be falsely assessed as non-infected. Since such individuals often have high viral loads and are capable of transmitting HIV, it is an imperative public health need to identify these individuals. We investigated the feasibility and capability of a diagnostic algorithm which included screening and confirmation of HIV infection using only nucleic-acid-based tests. This investigation involved screening 1361 prospectively collected specimens using antibody-based methods in parallel to simultaneously testing the same specimens by a qualitative HIV RNA detection method (APTIMA HIV-1). Specimens that were positive by antibody screening were confirmed by either immunofluorescent assay or Western blotting, while specimens positive by RNA screening were confirmed by real-time RT-PCR. In the course of the study, 27 specimens were found to contain either HIV antibody or HIV RNA. Twenty-six of the 27 specimens were HIV RNA positive, while 23 of the 27 specimens were antibody positive. One specimen was found which possessed HIV antibody but was assessed as negative by the HIV RNA screening test. Four specimens were found to contain detectable HIV RNA but were negative by the antibody screening test. Three of these four patients were negative at point-of-care by rapid test, while one was negative by enzyme immunoassay. These data indicate that screening and confirmation of HIV infection by RNA methods alone, if affordable, may constitute an effective alternative HIV diagnostic algorithm in certain settings.
journal_name
J Med Microbioljournal_title
Journal of medical microbiologyauthors
Ren A,Louie B,Rauch L,Castro L,Liska S,Klausner JD,Pandori MWdoi
10.1099/jmm.0.2008/002386-0subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-01 00:00:00pages
1228-1233issue
Pt 10eissn
0022-2615issn
1473-5644journal_volume
57pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Cholera, caused by Vibrio cholerae, results in significant morbidity and mortality worldwide, including Thailand. Representative V. cholerae strains associated with endemic cholera (n = 32), including strains (n = 3) from surface water sources, in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2003-2011), were subjected to microbiological, mol...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.053801-0
更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Four hundred and twenty-seven Escherichia coli isolates from 427 cases of infantile diarrhoea in Poland, belonging to serogroups O18, O26, O44, O86, O126 and O127 and 150 E. coli isolates from 52 healthy children were examined for selected virulence properties. The presence of the plasmid pAA, a plasmid encoding enter...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-51-7-548
更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Encapsulation of purified tuberculoproteins in liposomes augmented their ability to elicit delayed hypersensitivity reactions in BCG-immune rats. The effect was most marked with a low-molecular-weight tuberculopeptide that was relatively poor at eliciting reactions when in free form. These findings indicate that, in a...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-18-3-429
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Clinical and bacteriological findings in seven cases of urinary tract infection with cysteine-requiring strains of Klebsiella are described. The organisms were isolated from patients with long-standing urinary tract abnormalities and grew as small (c. 1 mm) colonies on MacConkey agar. The organisms failed to grow in a...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-26-3-211
更新日期：1988-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to assess the primary and combined resistances of Helicobacter pylori isolates obtained from paediatric patients in 2000-2001 to seven antimicrobial agents. Resistance rates of pre-treatment isolates from 115 children were investigated by the limited agar dilution method alone and by the E-te...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-51-9-786
更新日期：2002-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The activities of three sulphonamides and trimethoprim against strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa have been studied. Sulphadiazine had most activity, sulphadimidine had little, and the activity of sulphamethoxazole was intermediate. According to their sensitivity to sulphamethoxazole, strains were divided into two grou...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-10-3-273
更新日期：1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The ELISA technique was shown to be group-specific for the detection of IgM antibodies against coxsackie B viruses, and probably against a wider range of enteroviruses. No evidence was obtained that recent coxsackie B-virus infection predisposes to myocardial infarction. ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-21-4-287
更新日期：1986-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The recently-introduced semi-automated bacterial identification system, the Quantum II BID, is designed to identify fermentative and non-fermentative gram-negative bacilli in 4-5 h. The system was evaluated independently by the two participating laboratories. Inter-laboratory reproducibility was determined by testing ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-21-2-145
更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nosocomial infections with enterococci are an increasing problem in modern medical practice due to the development of resistance to a wide range of antibiotics, including the glycopeptides vancomycin and teicoplanin. An increasing number of vancomycin-resistant enterococci (VRE) have been cultured from clinical specim...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-48-10-935
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Chlamydia trachomatis is one of the most common sexually transmitted pathogens in the world and often causes chronic inflammatory diseases that are insensitive to antibiotics. The type 3 secretion system (T3SS) of pathogenic bacteria is a promising target for therapeutic intervention aimed at bacterial virulence and c...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000189
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Soil specimens collected from a site around the home of patients with food-borne type E. botulism probably caused by neurotoxigenic Clostridium butyricum in Guanyun, Jiangsu province, China, were examined for the presence of neurotoxigenic C. butyricum. Five lakeside sites of Weishan lake, in an area near to the sites...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-48-2-133
更新日期：1999-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Patients with AIDS frequently develop diarrhoeal illness. In this randomized, controlled study, 260 patients were screened for those who had not had diarrhoea in the preceding 3 months and who had received a stable highly active antiretroviral therapy regimen for at least 6 weeks prior to the study enrollment. A total...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46867-0
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have characterised 45 isolates of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) from Glasgow Royal Infirmary by means of simple biotyping, immunoblotting of exported proteins and restriction enzyme fragmentation patterns (REFP) of plasmid DNA. The strains were subdivided into four groups (A-D) on the basis of ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-31-2-125
更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Campylobacter fetus causes severe infections in humans and can be isolated from various mammals and reptiles. However, although poultry are considered to be the main reservoir of Campylobacter jejuni, little is known about the presence of C. fetus in poultry. Thus, specific pathogen-free chickens were experimentally i...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46628-0
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Seven isolates of B. piliformis, the agent of Tyzzer's disease, obtained from various host species, were examined for cytotoxic activity by incubating culture filtrates on BRL 3A rat-hepatocyte and 3T3 mouse-fibroblast cell lines. One isolate exhibited cytopathic effects on BRL 3A cells, but not on 3T3 cells. Three ot...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-37-1-77
更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Amplification and sequence analysis of the 16S rRNA gene can be applied to detect and identify bacteria in clinical samples. We examined 75 clinical samples (17 culture-positive, 58 culture-negative) prospectively by two different PCR protocols, amplifying either a single fragment (1343 bp) or two fragments (762/598 b...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.030387-0
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In Mexico, there is a lack of up-to-date published data that show viruses to be the main cause of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The objective of this study was to estimate the comparative viral frequency between children under the age of 5 years with and without ARI (n = 179 in each group) in a suburban community...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.05007-0
更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Rickettsia conorii infection is endemic in the Mediterranean basin, where it is known as Mediterranean spotted fever, also known as Boutonneuse fever and Marseilles fever. We report the case of a 66-year-old diabetic man who presented a severe form of the disease, complicated by acute renal failure, thrombocytopenia a...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.004465-0
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A detailed study was made of lambs aged 5--7 months naturally infected with Pasteurella haemolytica biotype T. In addition to the well known features of such infections, previously unreported necrotic lesions of the tonsil, oesophagus, pharynx and adjacent areas were consistently seen. Large numbers of P. haemolytica ...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-14-1-89
更新日期：1981-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A pathogenic vancomycin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolate (MIC > or =64 microg ml(-1)) was obtained from a Kolkata hospital in June 2005. Species identification was confirmed by Gram staining, standard biochemical tests and PCR amplification of the nuc gene, which encodes the thermostable nuclease that is...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.47144-0
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The competition for glucose as a growth-limiting substrate between Candida albicans and a mixed community of oral bacteria was investigated. A chemostat was operated under glucose-limiting and glucose excess conditions at a dilution rate of 0.05/h. A mixed population of oral bacteria was established and after a steady...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/0022-1317-49-11-969
更新日期：2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Acinetobacter baumannii is an emerging multidrug-resistant pathogen and very little information is available regarding its imipenem resistance in Latin American countries such as Bolivia. This study investigated the antimicrobial resistance profile of 46 clinical strains from different hospitals in Cochabamba, Bolivia...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.032722-0
更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The move towards pathology networks and hub-and-spoke models of medical laboratory service provision has significantly changed the flow of samples, and the impact of results on patients, over recent years. At the same time advances in technology, including rapid, simple to use molecular platforms, are changing the way...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 信件
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.000919
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of pretreatment of denture acrylic with chlorhexidine gluconate on the subsequent adherence of Candida albicans GDH 2346 was measured in vitro. Adherence was significantly reduced by pretreatment with chlorhexidine; maximal inhibition was achieved by incubation at room temperature for 30 min in 2% chlorhexi...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-20-1-97
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The increasing incidence of reported scabies in Trinidad, from 24.2/100,000 population in 1984 to 59.5/100,000 in 1985, led to a careful monitoring in 1986 of all patients with post-streptococcal acute glomerulonephritis (PSAGN). There were 181 cases of PSAGN; 84 beta-haemolytic streptococcal isolates from 72 patients...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-32-2-111
更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The periodontopathic bacterium Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans has been implicated in the pathogenesis of periodontal diseases. It has been reported previously that infection with the organism induced apoptosis in the mouse macrophage cell line J774.1. In the present study, the role of caspases during apoptosis i...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.47193-0
更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Staphylococcus aureus is a leading cause of hospital-acquired (HA) and community-acquired (CA) infections worldwide. Recently, S. aureus strains resistant to meticillin (MRSA) have become established within both communities. We isolated 314 isolates of MRSA from hospitalized patients in a referral hospital (HA isolate...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.070722-0
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is the commonest pathogen causing food-borne disease among humans and animals in Australia. A multiplex PCR-based reverse line blot (mPCR/RLB) system was developed to rapidly identify S. Typhimurium phage types and strains within them. The system comprised 32 bi...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.47766-0
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Urinary isolates of Escherichia coli that were resistant to trimethoprim were collected in Glasgow Royal Infirmary during 1979 and 1980. Eighty-eight were resistant to trimethoprim 1024 micrograms/ml and 80 (92%) were also resistant to sulphamethoxazole 1024 micrograms/ml; 73% were multiresistant. Plasmids were detect...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/00222615-16-4-433
更新日期：1983-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The aim of this study was to improve the identification of Mycobacterium species in the context of a UK teaching hospital. Real-time PCR assays were established to enable the rapid differentiation between Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) complex and Mycobacterium species other than tuberculosis (MOTT), followed by 16S...
journal_title：Journal of medical microbiology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1099/jmm.0.46855-0
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
