In vivo studies fail to reveal a role for IL-4 or STAT6 signaling in Th2 lymphocyte differentiation.

abstract：:MCF10A mammary epithelial cells form growth-arrested structures when cultured in three-dimensional basement membrane gels. Activation of the receptor tyrosine kinase ErbB2 induces formation of proliferative structures that share properties with noninvasive early stage lesions. We conducted a genetic screen to identify...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Seton-Rogers SE,Lu Y,Hines LM,Koundinya M,LaBaer J,Muthuswamy SK,Brugge JS

更新日期：2004-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:In the coming century, anthropogenic climate change will threaten the persistence of restricted endemic species, complicating conservation planning. Although most efforts to quantify potential shifts in species' ranges use global climate model (GCM) output, regional climate model (RCM) output may be better suited to p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kueppers LM,Snyder MA,Sloan LC,Zavaleta ES,Fulfrost B

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A short interspersed nuclear element, Mg-SINE, was isolated and characterized from the genome of the rice blast fungus, Magnaporthe grisea. Mg-SINE was isolated as an insertion element within Pot2, an inverted-repeat transposon from M. grisea and shows typical features of a mammalian SINE. Mg-SINE is present as a 0.47...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kachroo P,Leong SA,Chattoo BB

更新日期：1995-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Using currently available gene fusion techniques, we have constructed plasmids that direct the overproduction of the carboxyl-terminal two-thirds of DNA polymerase I, corresponding to the proteolytically derived "Klenow fragment." We have obtained overproduction amounting to several percent of the cellular protein usi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joyce CM,Grindley ND

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fifty cats with feline leukemia virus (FeLV) infection and leukemia-lymphoma complex were treated by ex vivo immunoadsorption with Staphylococcus protein A-bound filters. Most cats responded to therapy. Twelve showed tumor regression, including disappearance of tumor cells, but died later of other complications. Three...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu WT,Engelman RW,Trang LQ,Hau K,Good RA,Day NK

更新日期：1984-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Claspin is a homolog of Mrc1, a checkpoint protein required for the DNA replication checkpoint in yeast. In Xenopus, phosphorylated Claspin binds to xChk1 and regulates xChk1 activation in response to replication stress. In this study, we have shown that the human homolog of Claspin is required for resistance to multi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin SY,Li K,Stewart GS,Elledge SJ

更新日期：2004-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations of the VHL tumor suppressor gene occur in patients with VHL disease and in the majority of sporadic clear cell renal carcinomas (VHL(-/-) RCC). Loss of VHL protein function is associated with constitutive expression of mRNAs encoding hypoxia-inducible proteins, such as vascular endothelial growth factor. Ove...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： de Paulsen N,Brychzy A,Fournier MC,Klausner RD,Gnarra JR,Pause A,Lee S

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Levels of inter-male aggression, both in laboratory encounters and in the field, rise dramatically during the breeding season, closely paralleling the seasonal rise in testosterone. However, post-pubertally castrated males also show the dramatic seasonal rise in aggression in laboratory encounters with castrated oppon...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Caldwell GS,Glickman SE,Smith ER

更新日期：1984-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have used (13C)-1H NMR spectroscopy at 360.13 MHz to resolve the 13C coupled proton resonance of glutamate and lactate in the rat brain in vivo. The time required for the 13C fractional enrichment of the 4-CH2 position of brain glutamate to reach isotopic steady state was determined during a continuous infusion of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rothman DL,Behar KL,Hetherington HP,den Hollander JA,Bendall MR,Petroff OA,Shulman RG

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatitis C virus (HCV) NS3-4A is a membrane-associated multifunctional protein harboring serine protease and RNA helicase activities. It is an essential component of the HCV replication complex and a prime target for antiviral intervention. Here, we show that membrane association and structural organization of HCV NS...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brass V,Berke JM,Montserret R,Blum HE,Penin F,Moradpour D

更新日期：2008-09-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Myoglobin-mediated oxygen delivery to intracellular mitochondria is demonstrated in cardiac myocytes isolated from the hearts of mature rats. Myocytes are held at high ambient oxygen pressure, 40-340 torr (5-45 kPa); sarcoplasmic myoglobin is fully oxygenated. In this condition oxygen availability does not limit respi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wittenberg BA,Wittenberg JB

更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The reactivities of N-iodosuccinimide and iodine with various goitrogenic compounds were studied with dimethylsulfoxide through which nitrogen had been bubbled as a solvent. Although iodine does not react with all of the compounds, N-iodosuccinimide does react with all of them. N-Iodosuccinimide may, therefore, serve ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jirousek L,Soodak M

更新日期：1973-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Interaction of syntaxin 1 with the alpha(1D) subunit of the voltage-gated L type Ca(2+) channel was investigated in the pancreatic beta cell. Coexpression of the enhanced green fluorescent protein-linked alpha(1D) subunit with the enhanced blue fluorescent protein-linked syntaxin 1 and Western blot analysis together w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang SN,Larsson O,Bränström R,Bertorello AM,Leibiger B,Leibiger IB,Moede T,Köhler M,Meister B,Berggren PO

更新日期：1999-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Apicomplexan parasites replicate within a protective organelle, called the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The Toxoplasma gondii PV is filled with a network of tubulated membranes, which are thought to facilitate trafficking of effectors and nutrients. Despite being critical to parasite virulence, there is scant mechani...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beraki T,Hu X,Broncel M,Young JC,O'Shaughnessy WJ,Borek D,Treeck M,Reese ML

更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Positively acting, rate-limiting regulatory factors that influence tissue-specific expression of the human cardiac alpha-actin gene in a mouse muscle cell line are shown by in vivo competition and gel mobility-shift assays to bind to upstream regions of its promoter but to neither vector DNA nor a beta-globin promoter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miwa T,Boxer LM,Kedes L

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Homology-directed repair (HDR) is a critical pathway for the repair of DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs) in mammalian cells. Efficient HDR is thought to be crucial for maintenance of genomic integrity during organismal development and tumor suppression. However, most mammalian HDR studies have focused on transformed and...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kass EM,Helgadottir HR,Chen CC,Barbera M,Wang R,Westermark UK,Ludwig T,Moynahan ME,Jasin M

更新日期：2013-04-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed a high-throughput approach to the labor-intensive problems of DNA cyclization, which we use to characterize DNA curvature and mechanical properties. The method includes a combinatorial approach to make the DNA constructs needed and automated real-time measurement of the kinetics using fluorescence. W...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Y,Crothers DM

更新日期：2003-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:An inwardly rectifying, ATP-regulated K+ channel with a distinctive molecular architecture, ROMK1, was recently cloned from rat kidney. Using patch clamp techniques, we have investigated the regulation of ROMK1 with particular emphasis on phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. Spontaneous channel rundown occurre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McNicholas CM,Wang W,Ho K,Hebert SC,Giebisch G

更新日期：1994-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We have measured the oxygen concentration in the body water of murine FSa and NFSa fibrosarcomas using a new method for quantitative oxygen concentration determination deep in the tissues of a living animal. The measurement uses unusually low-frequency electron paramagnetic spectroscopy sensitive to substrate 7 cm dee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Halpern HJ,Yu C,Peric M,Barth E,Grdina DJ,Teicher BA

更新日期：1994-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Modified bovine leukemia virus (BLV) glycoproteins were expressed by using vaccinia virus recombinants, and their fusogenic capacities were examined by a syncytia-formation assay. This analysis indicates that (i) both BLV envelope glycoproteins gp51 and gp30 are necessary for cell fusion; (ii) insertion of the N-termi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vonèche V,Portetelle D,Kettmann R,Willems L,Limbach K,Paoletti E,Ruysschaert JM,Burny A,Brasseur R

更新日期：1992-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have generated transgenic mice harboring a glycine-to-cysteine mutation in residue 85 of the triple helical domain of mouse type II collagen. The offspring of different founders displayed a phenotype of severe chondrodysplasia characterized by short limbs and trunk, cranio-facial deformities, and cleft palate. The ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garofalo S,Vuorio E,Metsaranta M,Rosati R,Toman D,Vaughan J,Lozano G,Mayne R,Ellard J,Horton W

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:During genome transcription in rotavirus, as with many segmented double-stranded RNA viruses, mRNA is transcribed within the intact subviral particle and translocated through specific channels in the capsid. To understand how the conformation of the capsid affects the efficiency of transcriptional events in the viral ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lawton JA,Estes MK,Prasad BV

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The flavin cofactor in photoenzyme photolyase and photoreceptor cryptochrome may exist in an oxidized state and should be converted into reduced state(s) for biological functions. Such redox changes can be efficiently achieved by photoinduced electron transfer (ET) through a series of aromatic residues in the enzyme. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu Z,Tan C,Guo X,Li J,Wang L,Sancar A,Zhong D

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:The colligative properties of ATP and catecholamines demonstrated in vitro are thought to be responsible for the extraordinary accumulation of solutes inside chromaffin cell secretory vesicles, although this has yet to be demonstrated in living cells. Because functional cells cannot be deprived of ATP, we have knocked...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Estévez-Herrera J,Domínguez N,Pardo MR,González-Santana A,Westhead EW,Borges R,Machado JD

更新日期：2016-07-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin resistance, obesity, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and nonalcoholic fatty liver are components of the metabolic syndrome, a disease complex that is increasing at epidemic rates in westernized countries. Although proinflammatory cytokines have been suggested to contribute to the development of these disorders, the mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ueki K,Kondo T,Tseng YH,Kahn CR

更新日期：2004-07-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical genomics is a powerful approach to dissect processes that may be intractable using conventional genetics because of gene lethality or redundancy. Recently, a link has been established between endomembrane trafficking and gravitropism. To understand this link, we screened a library of 10,000 diverse chemicals ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Surpin M,Rojas-Pierce M,Carter C,Hicks GR,Vasquez J,Raikhel NV

更新日期：2005-03-29 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to the immunosuppressive potential of UVB (280-320 nm) radiation in experimental animals and humans, UVA (320-400 nm) radiation at environmentally relevant doses appears to be immunologically inert. However, such exposure to UVA radiation has been observed unexpectedly to induce resistance to UVB-induced i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reeve VE,Tyrrell RM

更新日期：1999-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The DNA strand exchange protein RAD51 facilitates the central step in homologous recombination, a process fundamentally important for accurate repair of damaged chromosomes, restart of collapsed replication forks, and telomere maintenance. The active form of RAD51 is a nucleoprotein filament that assembles on single-s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Subramanyam S,Ismail M,Bhattacharya I,Spies M

更新日期：2016-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro and in vivo triplet state electron paramagnetic resonance (epr) spectra of bacteriochlorophylls (Bchls) show important differences in (a) electron spin polarization (esp), and (b) zero field splitting (ZFS) parameters. The unusual esp and ZFS properties of the observed in vivo triplet state are best interpret...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thurnauer MC,Katz JJ,Norris JR

更新日期：1975-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) plays an important role in peroxisome biogenesis; some peroxisomal membrane proteins are inserted into the ER and trafficked to peroxisomes in vesicles. These vesicles could also provide the phospholipids required for the growth of peroxisomal membranes, because peroxisomes lack phosphol...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Raychaudhuri S,Prinz WA

更新日期：2008-10-14 00:00:00