1H-Observe/13C-decouple spectroscopic measurements of lactate and glutamate in the rat brain in vivo.

abstract：:Eukaryotic translation initiation factor (eIF) 5 is crucial for the assembly of the eukaryotic preinitiation complex. This activity is mediated by the ability of its C-terminal HEAT domain to interact with eIF1, eIF2, and eIF3 in the multifactor complex and with eIF4G in the 48S complex. However, the binding sites for...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamamoto Y,Singh CR,Marintchev A,Hall NS,Hannig EM,Wagner G,Asano K

更新日期：2005-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:In animals, successful production of the visual chromophore (11-cis-retinal or derivatives thereof such as 11-cis-3-hydroxy-retinal) is essential for photoreceptor cell function and survival. These carotenoid-derived compounds must combine with a protein moiety (the opsin) to establish functional visual pigments. Evid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Oberhauser V,Voolstra O,Bangert A,von Lintig J,Vogt K

更新日期：2008-12-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Maintenance of genome stability is carried out by a suite of DNA repair pathways that ensure the repair of damaged DNA and faithful replication of the genome. Of particular importance are the repair pathways, which respond to DNA double-strand breaks (DSBs), and how the efficiency of repair is influenced by sequence h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meyer D,Fu BX,Heyer WD

更新日期：2015-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The cyclic enzymatic function of a cytochrome P450, as it catalyzes the oxygen-dependent metabolism of many organic chemicals, requires the delivery of two electrons to the hemeprotein. In general these electrons are transferred from NADPH to the P450 via an FMN- and FAD-containing flavoprotein (NADPH-P450 reductase)....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Faulkner KM,Shet MS,Fisher CW,Estabrook RW

更新日期：1995-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Some monocytes normally take up residence in tissues as sessile macrophages, but others differentiate into migratory cells resembling dendritic cells that emigrate to lymph nodes. In an in vitro model of a vessel wall, lipid mediators lysophosphatidic acid and platelet-activating factor, whose signals are implicated i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Llodrá J,Angeli V,Liu J,Trogan E,Fisher EA,Randolph GJ

更新日期：2004-08-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in Pink1, a gene encoding a Ser/Thr kinase with a mitochondrial-targeting signal, are associated with Parkinson's disease (PD), the most common movement disorder characterized by selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. The mechanism by which loss of Pink1 leads to neurodegeneration is not understood. Here we...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang Y,Gehrke S,Imai Y,Huang Z,Ouyang Y,Wang JW,Yang L,Beal MF,Vogel H,Lu B

更新日期：2006-07-11 00:00:00

abstract：:AvrXa7 is a member of the avrBs3 avirulence gene family, which encodes proteins targeted to plant cells by a type III secretion apparatus. AvrXa7, the product of avrXa7, is also a virulence factor in strain PXO86 of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. Avirulence and virulence specificities are associated with the central r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang B,Zhu W,Johnson LB,White FF

更新日期：2000-08-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Reef-building corals are critically important species that are threatened by anthropogenic stresses including climate change. In attempts to understand corals' responses to stress and other aspects of their biology, numerous genomic and transcriptomic studies have been performed, generating a variety of hypotheses abo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cleves PA,Strader ME,Bay LK,Pringle JR,Matz MV

更新日期：2018-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Effective therapies for most solid cancers, especially those that have progressed to metastasis, remain elusive because of inherent and acquired resistance of tumor cells to conventional treatments. Additionally, the effective therapeutic window for many protocols can be very narrow, frequently resulting in toxicity. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lebedeva IV,Washington I,Sarkar D,Clark JA,Fine RL,Dent P,Curiel DT,Turro NJ,Fisher PB

更新日期：2007-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The three members of the Brn-3 family of POU domain transcription factors are found in highly restricted sets of central nervous system neurons. Within the retina, these factors are present only within subsets of ganglion cells. We show here that in the developing mouse retina, Brn-3b protein is first observed in pres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gan L,Xiang M,Zhou L,Wagner DS,Klein WH,Nathans J

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Mycobacterium marinum, a natural pathogen of fish and frogs and an occasional pathogen of humans, is capable of inducing actin tail formation within the cytoplasm of macrophages, leading to actin-based motility and intercellular spread. Actin tail formation by M. marinum is markedly reduced in macrophages deficient in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stamm LM,Pak MA,Morisaki JH,Snapper SB,Rottner K,Lommel S,Brown EJ

更新日期：2005-10-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Two features make the tooth an excellent model in the study of evolutionary innovations: the relative simplicity of its structure and the fact that the major tooth-forming genes have been identified in eutherian mammals. To understand the nature of the innovation at the molecular level, it is necessary to identify the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toyosawa S,O'hUigin C,Figueroa F,Tichy H,Klein J

更新日期：1998-10-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Certain models of spoken-language processing, like those for many other perceptual and cognitive processes, posit continuous uptake of sensory input and dynamic competition between simultaneously active representations. Here, we provide compelling evidence for this continuity assumption by using a continuous response,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Spivey MJ,Grosjean M,Knoblich G

更新日期：2005-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimyristoyl lecithin liposomes, containing cytochrome b5 reductase (NADH:ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.2) and varying amounts of cytochrome b5, were used to measure flavoprotein catalysis alone and catalysis requiring electron transfer between the reductase and cytochrome as a function of temperature. Wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strittmatter P,Rogers MJ

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The S(N)2 displacement of Cl(-) from 1,2-dichloroethane by acetate (CH(3)CO(2)(-)) in water and by the carboxylate of the active site aspartate in the haloalkane dehalogenase of Xanthobacter autothropicus have been compared by using molecular dynamics simulations. In aqueous solution, six families of contact-pair stru...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hur S,Kahn K,Bruice TC

更新日期：2003-03-04 00:00:00

abstract：:An approach based on mosquitoes carrying a conditional dominant lethal gene (release of insects carrying a dominant lethal, RIDL) is being developed to control the transmission of dengue viruses by vector population suppression. A transgenic strain, designated OX3604C, of the major dengue vector, Aedes aegypti, was en...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wise de Valdez MR,Nimmo D,Betz J,Gong HF,James AA,Alphey L,Black WC 4th

更新日期：2011-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The biological basis underlying differentiation of naive (NAI) T cells into effector (EFFE) and memory (MEM) cells is incompletely understood. Furthermore, whether NAI T cells serially differentiate into EFFE and then MEM cells (linear differentiation) or whether they concurrently differentiate into either EFFE or MEM...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holmes S,He M,Xu T,Lee PP

更新日期：2005-04-12 00:00:00

abstract：:When encountering unexpected event changes, memories of relevant past experiences must be updated to form new representations. Current models of memory updating propose that people must first generate memory-based predictions to detect and register that features of the environment have changed, then encode the new eve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Stawarczyk D,Wahlheim CN,Etzel JA,Snyder AZ,Zacks JM

更新日期：2020-11-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The transthyretin amyloidoses (ATTR) are invariably fatal diseases characterized by progressive neuropathy and/or cardiomyopathy. ATTR are caused by aggregation of transthyretin (TTR), a natively tetrameric protein involved in the transport of thyroxine and the vitamin A-retinol-binding protein complex. Mutations with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bulawa CE,Connelly S,Devit M,Wang L,Weigel C,Fleming JA,Packman J,Powers ET,Wiseman RL,Foss TR,Wilson IA,Kelly JW,Labaudinière R

更新日期：2012-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Nontypeable Hemophilus influenzae (NTHi) is an important human pathogen in both children and adults. In children, it causes otitis media, the most common childhood infection and the leading cause of conductive hearing loss in the United States. In adults, it causes lower respiratory tract infections in the setting of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shuto T,Xu H,Wang B,Han J,Kai H,Gu XX,Murphy TF,Lim DJ,Li JD

更新日期：2001-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The crystal structure of DsRed, a red fluorescent protein from a corallimorpharian, has been determined at 2.0-A resolution by multiple-wavelength anomalous dispersion and crystallographic refinement. Crystals of the selenomethionine-substituted protein have space group P2(1) and contain a tetramer with 222 noncrystal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yarbrough D,Wachter RM,Kallio K,Matz MV,Remington SJ

更新日期：2001-01-16 00:00:00

abstract：:A closed duplex DNA molecule relaxed and containing nucleosomes has a different linking number from the same molecule relaxed and without nucleosomes. What does this say about the structure of the nucleosome? A mathematical study of this question is made, representing the DNA molecule by a ribbon. It is shown that the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fuller FB

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Rhesus monkeys were immunized by multiple inoculations with purified, disrupted, noninfectious simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) in adjuvant. Immunized monkeys developed anti-SIV antibodies detectable by whole-virus ELISA and by immunoblot reactivity; these antibodies had weak neutralizing activity. One week after t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Desrosiers RC,Wyand MS,Kodama T,Ringler DJ,Arthur LO,Sehgal PK,Letvin NL,King NW,Daniel MD

更新日期：1989-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prostaglandin J(2) (PGJ(2)) and its metabolites Delta(12)-PGJ(2) and 15-deoxy-Delta(12,14)-PGJ(2) (15d-PGJ(2)) are naturally occurring derivatives of prostaglandin D(2) that have been suggested to exert antiinflammatory effects in vivo. 15d-PGJ(2) is a high-affinity ligand for the peroxisome proliferator-activated rec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Straus DS,Pascual G,Li M,Welch JS,Ricote M,Hsiang CH,Sengchanthalangsy LL,Ghosh G,Glass CK

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Epithelia in animals are colonized by complex communities of microbes. Although a topic of long-standing interest, understanding the evolution of the microbial communities and their role in triggering innate immune responses has resisted analysis. Cnidaria are among the simplest animals at the tissue grade of organiza...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fraune S,Bosch TC

更新日期：2007-08-07 00:00:00

abstract：:The tumor promoter phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) induces characteristic reversible changes of cell shape in certain fibroblastic lines: motile lamellas are transformed into noncontractile narrow processes; simultaneously, the actin microfilament network of lamellas is locally disorganized. This reaction to PMA...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bershadsky AD,Ivanova OY,Lyass LA,Pletyushkina OY,Vasiliev JM,Gelfand IM

更新日期：1990-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We reported previously that Go-deficient mice develop severe neurological defects that include hyperalgesia, a generalized tremor, lack of coordination, and a turning syndrome somewhat reminiscent of unilateral lesions of the dopaminergic nigro-striatal pathway. By using frozen coronal sections of serially sectioned b...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jiang M,Spicher K,Boulay G,Wang Y,Birnbaumer L

更新日期：2001-03-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic inflammation results in increased nitrogen monoxide (.NO) formation and the accumulation of nitrite (NO(2-)). Neutrophils stimulated by various inflammatory mediators release myeloperoxidase to produce the cytotoxic agent hypochlorous acid (HOCl). Exposure of chondrocytic SW1353 cells to HOCl resulted in a con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Whiteman M,Hooper DC,Scott GS,Koprowski H,Halliwell B

更新日期：2002-09-17 00:00:00

abstract：:T cell-dependent B-cell responses decline with age, suggesting defective CD4 T-cell function. CD4 memory T cells from individuals older than 65 y displayed increased and sustained transcription of the dual-specific phosphatase 4 (DUSP4) that shortened expression of CD40-ligand (CD40L) and inducible T-cell costimulator...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yu M,Li G,Lee WW,Yuan M,Cui D,Weyand CM,Goronzy JJ

更新日期：2012-04-10 00:00:00

abstract：:An inwardly rectifying, ATP-regulated K+ channel with a distinctive molecular architecture, ROMK1, was recently cloned from rat kidney. Using patch clamp techniques, we have investigated the regulation of ROMK1 with particular emphasis on phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. Spontaneous channel rundown occurre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McNicholas CM,Wang W,Ho K,Hebert SC,Giebisch G

更新日期：1994-08-16 00:00:00