Ecological and socioeconomic effects of China's policies for ecosystem services.

abstract：:Many cortical neurons combine the information ascending and descending the cortical hierarchy. In the classical view, this information is combined nonlinearly to give rise to a single firing-rate output, which collapses all input streams into one. We analyze the extent to which neurons can simultaneously represent mul...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Naud R,Sprekeler H

更新日期：2018-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Expression of T1ST2, the IL-33R, by Th2 cells requires GATA3. Resting Th2 cells express little GATA3, which is increased by IL-33 and a STAT5 activator, in turn increasing T1ST2 from its low-level expression on resting Th2 cells. Th2 cells that have upregulated T1ST2 produce IL-13, but not IL-4, in response to IL-33 p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo L,Wei G,Zhu J,Liao W,Leonard WJ,Zhao K,Paul W

更新日期：2009-08-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(V)1 channels initiate excitation-contraction coupling in skeletal and cardiac muscle. During the fight-or-flight response, epinephrine released by the adrenal medulla and norepinephrine released from sympathetic nerves increase muscle contractility by activation of the β-adrenergic receptor/cAMP-dependent protein k...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Emrick MA,Sadilek M,Konoki K,Catterall WA

更新日期：2010-10-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae myristoyl-CoA:protein N-myristoyltransferase (Nmt1p; EC 2.3.1.97) is an essential enzyme that is highly selective for myristoyl-CoA in vivo. It is unclear why myristate (C14:0), a rare cellular fatty acid, has been selected for this covalent protein modification over more abundant fatty acids ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rudnick DA,Lu T,Jackson-Machelski E,Hernandez JC,Li Q,Gokel GW,Gordon JI

更新日期：1992-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Excitatory synaptic transmission in the mammalian central nervous system is mediated predominantly by glutamate receptor (GluR) channels of the alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate/kainate (AMPA/KA) receptor type. A major improvement in our understanding of glutamatergic synaptic transmission has been ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Keller BU,Blaschke M,Rivosecchi R,Hollmann M,Heinemann SF,Konnerth A

更新日期：1993-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Biological polymers such as nucleic acids and proteins are constructed of only one-the d or l-of the two possible nonsuperimposable mirror images (enantiomers) of selected organic compounds. However, before the advent of life, it is generally assumed that chemical reactions produced 50:50 (racemic) mixtures of enantio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cooper G,Rios AC

更新日期：2016-06-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes is tightly regulated during the perinatal period. These genes are induced by glucagon (cAMP) and glucocorticoids and repressed by insulin. To address the role of cAMP and glucocorticoids in the physiological activation of genes encoding gluconeogenic enzymes in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Montoliu L,Blendy JA,Cole TJ,Schütz G

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The complement system has evolved to annul pathogens, but its improper regulation is linked with diseases. Efficient regulation of the system is primarily provided by a family of proteins termed regulators of complement activation (RCA). The knowledge of precise structural determinants of RCA proteins critical for imp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gautam AK,Panse Y,Ghosh P,Reza MJ,Mullick J,Sahu A

更新日期：2015-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunization of strain A mice with p-azophenylarsonate-conjugated protein stimulates B cells that synthesize anti-p-azophenylarsonate antibodies. A large fraction of these cells produce antibodies with variable (V) regions encoded by a single heavy chain V gene segment together with multiple combinations of diversity,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wysocki L,Manser T,Gefter ML

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A goal of regenerative medicine is to identify cardiovascular progenitors from human ES cells (hESCs) that can functionally integrate into the human heart. Previous studies to evaluate the developmental potential of candidate hESC-derived progenitors have delivered these cells into murine and porcine cardiac tissue, w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ardehali R,Ali SR,Inlay MA,Abilez OJ,Chen MQ,Blauwkamp TA,Yazawa M,Gong Y,Nusse R,Drukker M,Weissman IL

更新日期：2013-02-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The first step in the replication of the adenovirus genome is the covalent attachment of the 5'-terminal nucleotide, dCMP, to the virus-encoded terminal protein precursor (pTP). This reaction can be observed in vitro and has been previously shown to be dependent upon either viral DNA or linearized plasmid DNA containi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Challberg MD,Rawlins DR

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The frequencies of diverse rearrangements of variable (V)lambda to joining (J)lambda gene segments were examined by Southern blot hybridization in 30 murine B-cell lines, each producing an immunoglobulin lambda light chain of known subtype (lambda 1, lambda 2, or lambda 3). For 11 out of 12 lambda 1 chains, the rearra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Reilly EB,Blomberg B,Imanishi-Kari T,Tonegawa S,Eisen HN

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We analyzed gene expression patterns in human gastric cancers by using cDNA microarrays representing approximately equal 30,300 genes. Expression of PLA2G2A, a gene previously implicated as a modifier of the Apc(Min/+) (multiple intestinal neoplasia 1) mutant phenotype in the mouse, was significantly correlated with p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Leung SY,Chen X,Chu KM,Yuen ST,Mathy J,Ji J,Chan AS,Li R,Law S,Troyanskaya OG,Tu IP,Wong J,So S,Botstein D,Brown PO

更新日期：2002-12-10 00:00:00

abstract：:The three members of the Brn-3 family of POU domain transcription factors are found in highly restricted sets of central nervous system neurons. Within the retina, these factors are present only within subsets of ganglion cells. We show here that in the developing mouse retina, Brn-3b protein is first observed in pres...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gan L,Xiang M,Zhou L,Wagner DS,Klein WH,Nathans J

更新日期：1996-04-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Much experimental work has been devoted in comparing the folding behavior of proteins sharing the same fold but different sequence. The recent design of proteins displaying very high sequence identities but different 3D structure allows the unique opportunity to address the protein-folding problem from a complementary...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Giri R,Morrone A,Travaglini-Allocatelli C,Jemth P,Brunori M,Gianni S

更新日期：2012-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Acetylcholinesterase of intact red blood cell membranes and the acetylcholine receptor at the neuromuscular junction of whole-frog sartorius muscle have been irreversibly inactivated by photo-affinity labeling with two quaternary ammonium aryl azides. The inactivation requires that the azides, at the time of their pho...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kiefer H,Lindstrom J,Lennox ES,Singer SJ

更新日期：1970-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The high concentration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) in milk of several species implies that the mammary gland is either a site of synthesis for this neuropeptide or that it is efficiently concentrated from plasma by this organ. By PCR amplification of mammary gland cDNA, we have demonstrated expression of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Palmon A,Ben Aroya N,Tel-Or S,Burstein Y,Fridkin M,Koch Y

更新日期：1994-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:The visual images in the eyes contain much more information than the brain can process. An important selection mechanism is feature-based attention (FBA). FBA is best described by attention filters that specify precisely the extent to which items containing attended features are selectively processed and the extent to...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun P,Chubb C,Wright CE,Sperling G

更新日期：2016-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Most variation in behavior has a genetic basis, but the processes determining the level of diversity at behavioral loci are largely unknown for natural populations. Expression of arginine vasopressin receptor 1a (Avpr1a) and oxytocin receptor (Oxtr) in specific regions of the brain regulates diverse social and reprodu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lonn E,Koskela E,Mappes T,Mokkonen M,Sims AM,Watts PC

更新日期：2017-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Ferritin has a protein shell of 5 X 10(6) Da consisting of 24 subunits of two types, a heavier (H) chain of 21,000 Da and a lighter (L) chain of 19,000 Da. A cDNA clone of the messenger for the L subunit has been isolated from a human monocyte-like leukemia cell line. The clone contains an open reading frame of 522 nu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dörner MH,Salfeld J,Will H,Leibold EA,Vass JK,Munro HN

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The origin of the multicellular animals has been investigated by rate invariant analysis of 18S rRNA sequences. These analyses indicate that (i) the Metazoa is a monophyletic taxon; (ii) the Deuterostomia is a monophyletic taxon; (iii) the Annelida-Mollusca lineage is the sister group of an arthropod subgroup; and (iv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lake JA

更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the ultrafast structural transitions of the heme induced by nitric oxide (NO) binding for several heme proteins by subpicosecond time-resolved resonance Raman and femtosecond transient absorption spectroscopy. We probed the heme iron motion by the evolution of the iron-histidine Raman band intensity af...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kruglik SG,Yoo BK,Franzen S,Vos MH,Martin JL,Negrerie M

更新日期：2010-08-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The rate of reproduction of deep-sea bacteria from six different capture depths between 1957 and 10,476 meters was studied as a function of temperature and pressure. The results showed the following: the true deep-sea bacteria of different depths have several characteristics, presumably evolutionally derived, distingu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yayanos AA

更新日期：1986-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The enhanced disease resistance 1 (edr1) mutation of Arabidopsis confers resistance to powdery mildew disease caused by the fungus Erysiphe cichoracearum. Resistance mediated by the edr1 mutation is correlated with induction of several defense responses, including host cell death. Double mutant analysis revealed that ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Frye CA,Tang D,Innes RW

更新日期：2001-01-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Synthesis of the 31-amino acid, inner membrane protein MgtS (formerly denoted YneM) is induced by very low Mg2+ in a PhoPQ-dependent manner in Escherichia coli Here we report that MgtS acts to increase intracellular Mg2+ levels and maintain cell integrity upon Mg2+ depletion. Upon development of a functional tagged de...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang H,Yin X,Wu Orr M,Dambach M,Curtis R,Storz G

更新日期：2017-05-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The early steps in the biosynthesis of Taxol involve the cyclization of geranylgeranyl diphosphate to taxa-4(5),11(12)-diene followed by cytochrome P450-mediated hydroxylation at C5, acetylation of this intermediate, and a second cytochrome P450-dependent hydroxylation at C10 to yield taxadien-5 alpha-acetoxy-10 beta-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoendorf A,Rithner CD,Williams RM,Croteau RB

更新日期：2001-02-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Many fatal neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson, the prion-related diseases, and non-neurodegenerative disorders such as type II diabetes are characterized by abnormal amyloid fiber aggregates, suggesting a common mechanism of pathogenesis. We have discovered that a class of systematically designe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hauser CA,Deng R,Mishra A,Loo Y,Khoe U,Zhuang F,Cheong DW,Accardo A,Sullivan MB,Riekel C,Ying JY,Hauser UA

更新日期：2011-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro recombination of cloned H-2 genes resulted in two allogeneically novel mouse transplantation antigens in which the C2 domains of H-2Ld and H-2Dd were exchanged. These genes were introduced into mouse L cells by DNA-mediated gene transfer. We have used these transformed fibroblast lines, expressing recombinant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ozato K,Evans GA,Shykind B,Margulies DH,Seidman JG

更新日期：1983-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents some calculated results on the vibrational structuring of the magnetic circular dichroism of the benzene (1)A(1g)"(1)B(2u) transition. The good agreement between the experimental and calculated relative intensities of the B-bands (positive magnetic circular dichroism bands) indicates that these ban...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shieh DJ,Lin SH,Eyring H

更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Negative-stranded RNA viruses cover their genome with nucleoprotein (N) to protect it from the human innate immune system. Abrogation of the function of N offers a unique opportunity to combat the spread of the viruses. Here, we describe a unique fold of N from Leanyer virus (LEAV, Orthobunyavirus genus, Bunyaviridae ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Niu F,Shaw N,Wang YE,Jiao L,Ding W,Li X,Zhu P,Upur H,Ouyang S,Cheng G,Liu ZJ

更新日期：2013-05-28 00:00:00