Endosome fusion induced by diphtheria toxin translocation domain.

abstract：:Insight regarding how diverse enzymatic functions and reactions have evolved from ancestral scaffolds is fundamental to understanding chemical and evolutionary biology, and for the exploitation of enzymes for biotechnology. We undertook an extensive computational analysis using a unique and comprehensive combination o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Akiva E,Copp JN,Tokuriki N,Babbitt PC

更新日期：2017-11-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Canavan's disease (CD) is a fatal, hereditary disorder of CNS development that has been linked to mutations in the gene for the enzyme aspartoacylase (ASPA) (EC 3.5.1.15). ASPA acts to hydrolyze N-acetylaspartate (NAA) into l-aspartate and acetate, but the connection between ASPA deficiency and the failure of proper C...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Madhavarao CN,Arun P,Moffett JR,Szucs S,Surendran S,Matalon R,Garbern J,Hristova D,Johnson A,Jiang W,Namboodiri MA

更新日期：2005-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Complex three-dimensional biophotonic nanostructures produce the vivid structural colors of many butterfly wing scales, but their exact nanoscale organization is uncertain. We used small angle X-ray scattering (SAXS) on single scales to characterize the 3D photonic nanostructures of five butterfly species from two fam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Saranathan V,Osuji CO,Mochrie SG,Noh H,Narayanan S,Sandy A,Dufresne ER,Prum RO

更新日期：2010-06-29 00:00:00

abstract：:An unstable allele of the bronze 2 (bz2) locus was isolated from a Robertson's Mutator Zea mays line containing a family of active transposable Mu elements. This mutation is somatically unstable, resulting in numerous revertant purple sectors on a bronze kernel. By following the variegated kernel phenotype through two...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chandler VL,Walbot V

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dimyristoyl lecithin liposomes, containing cytochrome b5 reductase (NADH:ferricytochrome b5 oxidoreductase, EC 1.6.2.2) and varying amounts of cytochrome b5, were used to measure flavoprotein catalysis alone and catalysis requiring electron transfer between the reductase and cytochrome as a function of temperature. Wh...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strittmatter P,Rogers MJ

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of Notch signaling in cartilage differentiation and maturation in vivo was examined. Conditional Notch pathway gain and loss of function was achieved using a Cre/loxP approach to manipulate Notch signaling in cartilage precursors and chondrocytes of the developing mouse embryo. Conditional overexpression of a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mead TJ,Yutzey KE

更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:High-pressure methods are increasingly used to produce new dense materials with unusual properties. Increasing efforts to understand the reaction mechanisms at the microscopic level, to set up and optimize synthetic approaches, are currently directed at carbon-based solids. A fundamental, but still unsolved, question ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Citroni M,Bini R,Foggi P,Schettino V

更新日期：2008-06-03 00:00:00

abstract：:We demonstrate that the receptor binding moiety of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin (EtxB) can completely prevent autoimmune disease in a murine model of arthritis. Injection of male DBA/1 mice at the base of the tail with type II collagen in the presence of complete Freund's adjuvant normally leads to arthrit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Williams NA,Stasiuk LM,Nashar TO,Richards CM,Lang AK,Day MJ,Hirst TR

更新日期：1997-05-13 00:00:00

abstract：:We expressed a cDNA encoding the Arabidopsis thaliana defense-related protein ELI3-2 in Escherichia coli to determine its biochemical function. Based on a protein database search, this protein was recently predicted to be a mannitol dehydrogenase [Williamson, J. D., Stoop, J. M. H., Massel, M. O., Conkling, M. A. & Ph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Somssich IE,Wernert P,Kiedrowski S,Hahlbrock K

更新日期：1996-11-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in sequences at the C terminus of the capsid precursor protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that affect the viral p6 protein prevent release of budded virus particles from the cell surface. The experiments reported here define an important step in the life cycle of the virus, the release of the bud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Göttlinger HG,Dorfman T,Sodroski JG,Haseltine WA

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A cDNA encoding a specific form of thyroid hormone receptor expressed in human liver, kidney, placenta, and brain was isolated from a human kidney library. Identical clones were found in human placenta and HepG2 cDNA libraries. The cDNA encodes a 490-amino acid protein (Mr, 54,824). When expressed and translated in vi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakai A,Seino S,Sakurai A,Szilak I,Bell GI,DeGroot LJ

更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We have transferred the human gene for hypoxanthine-guanine phosphoribosyltransferase (HPRT, EC 2.4.2.8; IMP:pyrophosphate phosphoribosyltransferease) via isolated metaphase chromosomes from human HeLa S3 cells into murine A9 cells which lack functional murine HPRT activity, using the technique of McBride and Ozer (Pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Willecke K,Ruddle FH

更新日期：1975-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Real-life decisions are often repeated. Whether considering taking a job in a new city, or doing something mundane like checking if the stove is off, decisions are frequently revisited even if no new information is available. This mode of behavior takes a particularly pathological form in obsessive-compulsive disorder...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Solway A,Lin Z,Vinaik E

更新日期：2021-01-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Down syndrome (DS) caused by trisomy of chromosome 21 is the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Although the prenatal diagnosis of DS has become feasible, there are no therapies available for the rescue of DS-related neurocognitive impairment. A growth inducer newly identified in our screen of neura...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nakano-Kobayashi A,Awaya T,Kii I,Sumida Y,Okuno Y,Yoshida S,Sumida T,Inoue H,Hosoya T,Hagiwara M

更新日期：2017-09-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Two striking differences between humans and our closest living relatives, chimpanzees and gorillas, are the size of our brains (larger by a factor of three or four) and our life span (longer by a factor of about two). Our thesis is that these two distinctive features of humans are products of coevolutionary selection....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaplan HS,Robson AJ

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Prolonged incubation of NIH 3T3 cells under the growth constraint of confluence results in the death of some cells in a manner suggestive of apoptosis. Successive rounds of prolonged incubation at confluence of the surviving cells produce increasing neoplastic transformation in the form of increments in saturation den...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rubin H,Yao A,Chow M

更新日期：1995-05-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Cofilin-actin rods are inclusion-like structures that are induced by certain chemical or physical stresses in cultured cells, and the rods formed in neurons are thought to be associated with neurodegeneration. Here, we cloned an Aplysia cofilin homolog and overexpressed it in cultured neurons. Overexpressed cofilin fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jang DH,Han JH,Lee SH,Lee YS,Park H,Lee SH,Kim H,Kaang BK

更新日期：2005-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Heat shock (HS) initiates rapid, extensive, and evolutionarily conserved changes in transcription that are accompanied by chromatin decondensation and nucleosome loss at HS loci. Here we have employed in situ Hi-C to determine how heat stress affects long-range chromatin conformation in human and Drosophila cells. We ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ray J,Munn PR,Vihervaara A,Lewis JJ,Ozer A,Danko CG,Lis JT

更新日期：2019-09-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Protein acetylation, especially histone acetylation, is the subject of both research and clinical investigation. At least four small-molecule histone deacetylase inhibitors are currently in clinical trials for the treatment of cancer. These and other inhibitors also affect microtubule acetylation. A multidimensional, ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Haggarty SJ,Koeller KM,Wong JC,Grozinger CM,Schreiber SL

更新日期：2003-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Melittin messenger RNA from queen bee venom glands has been translated in a cell-free system from wheat germ. A product larger than promelittin is formed which has the carboxy-terminal sequence-Gln-Gln-GlyCOOH. Melittin and promelittin from venom glands terminate in -Gln-GlnCONH2. The possible role of the extra glycin...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Suchanek G,Kreil G

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Low-temperature flash photolysis with IR and visible spectroscopy was used to probe the influence of the distal histidine His-64(E7) of sperm-whale myoglobin (Mb) on the orientation of bound carbon monoxide (CO) and on the kinetics of CO rebinding. The synthesis and high-level expression of a sperm-whale myoglobin gen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Braunstein D,Ansari A,Berendzen J,Cowen BR,Egeberg KD,Frauenfelder H,Hong MK,Ormos P,Sauke TB,Scholl R

更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A cDNA expression library in lambda gt11 was screened with affinity-purified polyclonal anti-rat cytochrome b5 reductase antibodies. One positive clone out of 450,000 clones was isolated and found to be incomplete. This clone was used to rescreen the library, and a second, overlapping clone that contained the entire c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pietrini G,Carrera P,Borgese N

更新日期：1988-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A 105-kilobase bacterial artificial chromosome (BAC) clone from the ovate-containing region of tomato chromosome 2 was sequenced and annotated. The tomato BAC sequence was then compared, gene by gene, with the sequenced portions of the Arabidopsis thaliana genome. Rather than matching a single portion of the Arabidops...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ku HM,Vision T,Liu J,Tanksley SD

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Symmetric and asymmetric dimethylation of arginine are isomeric protein posttranslational modifications with distinct biological effects, evidenced by the methylation of arginine 3 of histone H4 (H4R3): symmetric dimethylation of H4R3 leads to repression of gene expression, while asymmetric dimethylation of H4R3 is as...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sun L,Wang M,Lv Z,Yang N,Liu Y,Bao S,Gong W,Xu RM

更新日期：2011-12-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of antibodies to extravasate out of blood vessels is critical for therapeutic activity, because molecular targets for most diseases are located outside of the endothelial lining. By performing detailed biodistribution studies with a novel IL9-armed cancer-specific antibody, we identified a clear correlatio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Venetz D,Hess C,Lin CW,Aebi M,Neri D

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the unifying hallmark of prion diseases is CNS neurodegeneration caused by conformational corruption of host prion protein (PrP) to its infective counterpart, contagious transmission of chronic wasting disease (CWD) results from shedding of prions produced at high titers in the periphery of diseased cervids. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bian J,Christiansen JR,Moreno JA,Kane SJ,Khaychuk V,Gallegos J,Kim S,Telling GC

更新日期：2019-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Membrane vesicles were extracted from etiolated and light-grown plants, a plant cell suspension culture, and an alga. Upon addition of ATP and Mg(2+), active Ca(2+) uptake into the vesicles against a concentration gradient was shown. The dependence of this uptake on ATP and Mg(2+) concentrations, pH, and temperature i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gross J,Marmé D

更新日期：1978-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The proapoptotic activity of the "BH3-only" molecule BAD can be differentially regulated by survival factor signaling. Bad-deficient mice lacking both BAD long and BAD short proteins proved viable, and most cell types appeared to develop normally. BAD did not exclusively account for cell death after withdrawal of surv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ranger AM,Zha J,Harada H,Datta SR,Danial NN,Gilmore AP,Kutok JL,Le Beau MM,Greenberg ME,Korsmeyer SJ

更新日期：2003-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The Arabidopsis DEMETER (DME) DNA glycosylase demethylates the maternal genome in the central cell prior to fertilization and is essential for seed viability. DME preferentially targets small transposons that flank coding genes, influencing their expression and initiating plant gene imprinting. DME also targets interg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang C,Hung YH,Rim HJ,Zhang D,Frost JM,Shin H,Jang H,Liu F,Xiao W,Iyer LM,Aravind L,Zhang XQ,Fischer RL,Huh JH,Hsieh TF

更新日期：2019-08-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Creatine kinase from rabbit muscle has been specifically labeled with a derivative of a nitroxide free radical on the two essential sulfhydryl groups, one per active site. The conformation in the environment of the enzyme-bound free radical and the change in conformation induced upon binding of the substrate, metal ad...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Taylor JS,Leigh JS Jr,Cohn M

更新日期：1969-09-01 00:00:00