Prevention of autoimmune disease due to lymphocyte modulation by the B-subunit of Escherichia coli heat-labile enterotoxin.

abstract：:We have used in vitro selection techniques to characterize DNA sequences that are ligated efficiently by T4 RNA ligase. We find that the ensemble of selected sequences ligated about 10 times as efficiently as the random mixture of sequences used as the input for selection. Surprisingly, the majority of the selected se...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harada K,Orgel LE

更新日期：1993-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:We lack a clear understanding of the enzootic maintenance of the bacterium (Yersinia pestis) that causes plague and the sporadic epizootics that occur in its natural rodent hosts. A key to elucidating these epidemiological dynamics is determining the dominant transmission routes of plague. Plague can be acquired from ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Webb CT,Brooks CP,Gage KL,Antolin MF

更新日期：2006-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:The diversity of the T cell receptor (TCR) repertoire is limited, because of the processes of positive and negative T cell selection. To obtain T cells with specificities beyond the immune system's capacity, we have developed a strategy for retroviral TCR display. In this approach, a library of T cell variants is gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kessels HW,van Den Boom MD,Spits H,Hooijberg E,Schumacher TN

更新日期：2000-12-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Spo11 and the Rad50-Mre11 complex have been indirectly implicated in processes associated with DNA replication. These proteins also have been shown to have early meiotic roles essential for the formation of a programmed DNA double-strand break known in Saccharomyces cerevisiae to initiate meiotic recombination. In bot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Merino ST,Cummings WJ,Acharya SN,Zolan ME

更新日期：2000-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Two forms of lactoferrin, an intact lactoferrin and a "nicked" but apparently intact (i.e., 78-kDa) form, have been isolated from the urine of preterm infants fed human milk. These two forms of lactoferrin, demonstrated to be entirely of maternal origin, were copurified using affinity columns of immobilized single-str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hutchens TW,Henry JF,Yip TT

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA mismatch repair is central to the maintenance of genomic stability. It is initiated by the recognition of base-base mismatches and insertion/deletion loops by the family of MutS proteins. Subsequently, ATP induces a unique conformational change in the MutS-mismatch complex but not in the MutS-homoduplex complex th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang H,Yang Y,Schofield MJ,Du C,Fridman Y,Lee SD,Larson ED,Drummond JT,Alani E,Hsieh P,Erie DA

更新日期：2003-12-09 00:00:00

abstract：:In a microarray-based gene profiling analysis of Müller glia-derived retinal stem cells in light-damaged retinas from adult zebrafish, we found that 2 genes required for regeneration of fin and heart tissues in zebrafish, hspd1 (heat shock 60-kDa protein 1) and mps1 (monopolar spindle 1), were up-regulated. Expression...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Qin Z,Barthel LK,Raymond PA

更新日期：2009-06-09 00:00:00

abstract：:A mathematical analysis of the formation of hemolytic plaques in agar is presented. The results can be used to calculate the rate constant for antigen-antibody association and the distribution of antibody secretion rates. The limitations of the treatment and estimates of the expected errors involved are briefly discus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： De Lisi CP,Bell GI

更新日期：1974-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations in sequences at the C terminus of the capsid precursor protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 that affect the viral p6 protein prevent release of budded virus particles from the cell surface. The experiments reported here define an important step in the life cycle of the virus, the release of the bud...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Göttlinger HG,Dorfman T,Sodroski JG,Haseltine WA

更新日期：1991-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Normal myeloid precursors and MGI(+)D(+) myeloid leukemic cells can be induced to differentiate to mature cells by the normal protein inducer MGI. The sequence of differentiation is the induction of C3 and Fc rosettes, C3 and Fc immune phagocytosis (IP), synthesis and secretion of lysozyme, and formation of mature mac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lotem J,Sachs L

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha), also known as cachectin, was demonstrated to induce the expression of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in a chronically infected T-cell clone (ACH-2). Concentrations of recombinant TNF-alpha as low as 50 pg/ml induced a significant increase over background of HIV expression i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Folks TM,Clouse KA,Justement J,Rabson A,Duh E,Kehrl JH,Fauci AS

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In contrast to mechanisms mediating uptake of intracellular bacterial pathogens, bacterial egress and cell-to-cell transmission are poorly understood. Previously, we showed that the transmission of pathogenic mycobacteria between phagocytic cells also depends on nonlytic ejection through an F-actin based structure, ca...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gerstenmaier L,Pilla R,Herrmann L,Herrmann H,Prado M,Villafano GJ,Kolonko M,Reimer R,Soldati T,King JS,Hagedorn M

更新日期：2015-02-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The oligodendrocyte (Od), a glial cell that produces myelin in the central nervous system, may be a target for autoreactive T cells in autoimmune demyelinating processes, although not expressing major histocompatibility complex (MHC) products. To analyze Od-T-cell interactions, we selected from normal SJL/J mouse sple...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jewtoukoff V,Lebar R,Bach MA

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A central event in the eukaryotic cell cycle is the decision to commence DNA replication (S phase). Strict controls normally operate to prevent repeated rounds of DNA replication without intervening mitoses ("endoreplication") or initiation of mitosis before DNA is fully replicated ("mitotic catastrophe"). Some of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Novak B,Tyson JJ

更新日期：1997-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Erythropoietin (Epo) is a glycoprotein factor that specifically regulates the proliferation and differentiation of erythroid progenitor cells. Here we describe the isolation of Epo-responsive mouse erythroleukemia cell line SKT6, the characterization of the specific binding of biologically active 125I-labeled human Ep...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Todokoro K,Kanazawa S,Amanuma H,Ikawa Y

更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Light chains were obtained from IgG rabbit antibodies to the group-specific carbohydrates of groups A and C streptococci. An analysis of the amino acid alternatives which exist at the first three positions of the N-terminus in both light-chain preparations shows a marked restriction in amino acid sequence heterogeneit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hood L,Lackland H,Eichman K,Kindt TJ,Braun DG,Krause RM

更新日期：1969-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The land plants and their immediate green algal ancestors, the charophytes, form the Streptophyta. There is evidence that both the chloroplast DNA (cpDNA) and mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) underwent substantial changes in their architecture (intron insertions, gene losses, scrambling in gene order, and genome expansion in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Turmel M,Otis C,Lemieux C

更新日期：2002-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:An endogenous circadian biological clock controls the temporal aspects of life in most organisms, including rhythmic control of genes involved in clock output pathways. In the fungus Neurospora crassa, one pathway known to be under control of the clock is asexual spore (conidia) development. To understand more fully t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bell-Pedersen D,Shinohara ML,Loros JJ,Dunlap JC

更新日期：1996-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:W. D. Hamilton's celebrated formula for the age-specific force of natural selection furnishes predictions for senescent mortality due to mutation accumulation, at the price of reliance on a linear approximation. Applying to Hamilton's setting the full nonlinear demographic model for mutation accumulation recently deve...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wachter KW,Evans SN,Steinsaltz D

更新日期：2013-06-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenosine deaminases that act on RNA (ADARs) constitute a family of RNA-editing enzymes that convert adenosine to inosine within double-stranded regions of RNA. We previously developed a method to identify inosine-containing RNAs and used it to identify five ADAR substrates in Caenorhabditis elegans. Here we use the s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Morse DP,Aruscavage PJ,Bass BL

更新日期：2002-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Inherited retinal degeneration (RD) is a devastating and currently untreatable neurodegenerative condition that leads to loss of photoreceptor cells and blindness. The vast genetic heterogeneity of RD, the lack of "druggable" targets, and the access-limiting blood-retinal barrier (BRB) present major hurdles toward eff...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vighi E,Trifunović D,Veiga-Crespo P,Rentsch A,Hoffmann D,Sahaboglu A,Strasser T,Kulkarni M,Bertolotti E,van den Heuvel A,Peters T,Reijerkerk A,Euler T,Ueffing M,Schwede F,Genieser HG,Gaillard P,Marigo V,Ekström P,Pa

更新日期：2018-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:We examine the IFN-alpha/beta-independent activation of cellular transcription that constitutes an early antiviral response of cells against influenza A and B viruses, which cause widespread epidemics in humans. We show that influenza B virus induces the synthesis in human cells of several mature mRNAs encoded by gene...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kim MJ,Latham AG,Krug RM

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Prophenoloxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes of the melanization reaction, which is a prominent defense mechanism of arthropods. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has ten PPO genes in the genome, four of which (PPO1, PPO3, PPO5, and PPO8) were expressed in response to microbial infection. Cactus depletion resulted in transcripti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zou Z,Shin SW,Alvarez KS,Bian G,Kokoza V,Raikhel AS

更新日期：2008-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The cycles of carbon and oxygen at the Earth surface are intimately linked, where the burial of organic carbon into sediments represents a source of oxygen to the surface environment. This coupling is typically quantified through the isotope records of organic and inorganic carbon. Yet, the late Neoproterozoic Eon, th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bjerrum CJ,Canfield DE

更新日期：2011-04-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Retrieval of recently acquired declarative memories depends on the hippocampus, but with time, retrieval is increasingly sustainable by neocortical representations alone. This process has been conceptualized as system-level consolidation. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging, we assessed over the course of thre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takashima A,Petersson KM,Rutters F,Tendolkar I,Jensen O,Zwarts MJ,McNaughton BL,Fernández G

更新日期：2006-01-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The hyperactivity of the brain renin-angiotensin system (RAS) has been implicated in the development and maintenance of hypertension in several types of experimental and genetic hypertension animal models. We previously reported that in the murine brain, aminopeptidase A (APA) is involved in the conversion of angioten...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fournie-Zaluski MC,Fassot C,Valentin B,Djordjijevic D,Reaux-Le Goazigo A,Corvol P,Roques BP,Llorens-Cortes C

更新日期：2004-05-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Host species have evolved mechanisms that can inhibit pathogen replication even after a cell has been successfully invaded. Here we show that tripartite-motif protein 21 (TRIM21), a ubiquitously expressed E3 ubiquitin ligase that targets viruses inside the cytosol, protects mice against fatal viral infection. Upon inf...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Vaysburd M,Watkinson RE,Cooper H,Reed M,O'Connell K,Smith J,Cruickshanks J,James LC

更新日期：2013-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common autosomal recessive disorder of iron metabolism that leads to excessive iron storage in the liver and other organs. Recently, between 83 and 100% of HH patients have been found to be homozygous for the same mutation in a novel major histocompatibility complex class I-like ge...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Parkkila S,Waheed A,Britton RS,Feder JN,Tsuchihashi Z,Schatzman RC,Bacon BR,Sly WS

更新日期：1997-03-18 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the origins and functional evolution of the Shaker and KCNQ families of voltage-gated K(+) channels to better understand how neuronal excitability evolved. In bilaterians, the Shaker family consists of four functionally distinct gene families (Shaker, Shab, Shal, and Shaw) that share a subunit structure co...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li X,Liu H,Chu Luo J,Rhodes SA,Trigg LM,van Rossum DB,Anishkin A,Diatta FH,Sassic JK,Simmons DK,Kamel B,Medina M,Martindale MQ,Jegla T

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Glyco-immune checkpoint receptors, molecules that inhibit immune cell activity following binding to glycosylated cell-surface antigens, are emerging as attractive targets for cancer immunotherapy. Defining biologically relevant ligands that bind and activate such receptors, however, has historically been a significant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wisnovsky S,Möckl L,Malaker SA,Pedram K,Hess GT,Riley NM,Gray MA,Smith BAH,Bassik MC,Moerner WE,Bertozzi CR

更新日期：2021-02-02 00:00:00