Abstract:
:Prophenoloxidases (PPOs) are key enzymes of the melanization reaction, which is a prominent defense mechanism of arthropods. The mosquito Aedes aegypti has ten PPO genes in the genome, four of which (PPO1, PPO3, PPO5, and PPO8) were expressed in response to microbial infection. Cactus depletion resulted in transcriptional activation of these four genes, suggesting this up-regulation to be under the control of the Toll pathway. The silencing of Cactus also led to developmental arrest and death of the avian malaria parasite, Plasmodium gallinaceum. We discovered that RUNT-related transcription factor 4 (RUNX4), the orthologue of Drosophila Lozenge, bound to the RUNT binding motif in the promoter of mosquito PPO genes and stimulated the expression of Drosophila PPO-A1 and PPO3 in S2 cell line. The immune effects caused by Cactus depletion were eliminated by double knockdown of Cactus/RUNX4. These findings suggest that RUNX4 regulates PPO gene expression under the control of the Toll pathway and plays a critical role in restricting parasite development.
journal_name
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S Aauthors
Zou Z,Shin SW,Alvarez KS,Bian G,Kokoza V,Raikhel ASdoi
10.1073/pnas.0804658105subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-11-25 00:00:00pages
18454-9issue
47eissn
0027-8424issn
1091-6490pii
0804658105journal_volume
105pub_type
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