A strategy to capture and characterize the synaptic transcriptome.

abstract：:Recent analyses of high-throughput protein interaction data coupled with large-scale investigations of evolutionary properties of interaction networks have left some unanswered questions. To what extent do protein interactions act as constraints during evolution of the protein sequence? How does the type of interactio...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mintseris J,Weng Z

更新日期：2005-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the factors required for the antiviral activity of the synthetic nucleoside, ribavirin (1-beta-D-ribofuranosyl-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide), is the ability of the molecule to adopt the substrate conformation specified by the enzyme for which it is a competitive inhibitor, inosine 5'-phosphate dehydrogenase (IM...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miles DL,Miles DW,Redington P,Eyring H

更新日期：1976-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hexamethylene bisacetamide (HMBA) induces in vitro the cytodifferentiation of PCC3/A/1 mouse embryonal carcinoma (EC) cells. In EC cells, actin is associated with surface structures but microfilament bundles are not seen. After 2 days of HMBA treatment, rounded EC cells are converted to flat adhesive ones with a devel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulin D,Perreau J,Jakob H,Jacob F,Yaniv M

更新日期：1979-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The commitment of differentiating cells to a specialized fate is fundamental to the correct assembly of tissues within a multicellular organism. Because commitment is often irreversible, entry into and progression through this phase of development must be tightly regulated. Under nitrogen-limiting conditions, the mult...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Videau P,Rivers OS,Hurd K,Ushijima B,Oshiro RT,Ende RJ,O'Hanlon SM,Cozy LM

更新日期：2016-11-08 00:00:00

abstract：:A fibroblast growth regulator, which inhibits the growth and division of proliferating fibroblasts, has been isolated from medium conditioned by exposure to density-inhibited mouse 3T3 cells. This partially purified preparation of the growth-inhibitory activity, termed FGR-s, contained two major polypeptides (Mrs, 10,...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hsu YM,Barry JM,Wang JL

更新日期：1984-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is increasing, but largely indirect, evidence pointing to an effect of commensal gut microbiota on the central nervous system (CNS). However, it is unknown whether lactic acid bacteria such as Lactobacillus rhamnosus could have a direct effect on neurotransmitter receptors in the CNS in normal, healthy animals. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bravo JA,Forsythe P,Chew MV,Escaravage E,Savignac HM,Dinan TG,Bienenstock J,Cryan JF

更新日期：2011-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Energy transfer is enhanced by translational diffusion of the donor and acceptor [Steinberg, I. Z. & Katchalski, E. (1968) J. Chem. Phys. 48, 2404-2410]. The effect of diffusion on energy transfer depends on Dtau(0)/s(2), in which D is the sum of the diffusion coefficients of the donor and acceptor, tau(0) is the life...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas DD,Carlsen WF,Stryer L

更新日期：1978-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Swiftlets are small insectivorous birds, many of which nest in caves and are known to echolocate. Due to a lack of distinguishing morphological characters, the taxonomy of swiftlets is primarily based on the presence or absence of echolocating ability, together with nest characters. To test the reliability of these be...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee PL,Clayton DH,Griffiths R,Page RD

更新日期：1996-07-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Monoaminergic neurons use dopa decarboxylase (DDC; aromatic-L-amino-acid carboxy-lyase, EC 4.1.1.28) to form dopamine from L-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-dopa). We measured regional dopa decarboxylase activity in brains of six healthy volunteers with 6-[18F]fluoro-L-dopa and positron emission tomography. We calculate...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gjedde A,Reith J,Dyve S,Léger G,Guttman M,Diksic M,Evans A,Kuwabara H

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We established a pancreatic adenocarcinoma cell line (CFPAC-1) from a patient with cystic fibrosis (CF) and assessed some of its properties. The cells show epithelial morphology and express cytokeratin and oncofetal antigens characteristic of pancreatic duct cells. Basal and stimulated levels of cAMP and cAMP-dependen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schoumacher RA,Ram J,Iannuzzi MC,Bradbury NA,Wallace RW,Hon CT,Kelly DR,Schmid SM,Gelder FB,Rado TA

更新日期：1990-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The lymphocyte differentiation (Ly) antigen phenotype of cytotoxic effector T cells specific for H-2 mutant alloantigens was determined. Cytotoxic effectors generated in primary mixed lymphocyte culture and specific for H-2Kba and H-2Dda alloantigens are sensitive to both anti-Ly-1 and anti-Ly-2 serum plus complement....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wettstein PJ,Bailey DW,Mobraaten LE,Klein J,Frelinger JA

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mitogen-activated protein (MAP) kinases are central components of signal transduction pathways for cell proliferation, stress responses, and differentiation. Signaling efficiency and specificity are modulated in large part by docking interactions between individual MAP kinase and the kinase interaction motif (KIM), (R...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu S,Sun JP,Zhou B,Zhang ZY

更新日期：2006-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Argonaute and Piwi proteins are key players in the RNA silencing pathway, with the former interacting with micro-RNAs (miRNAs) and siRNAs, whereas the latter targets piwi-interacting RNAs (piRNAs) that are 2'-O-methylated (2(')-OCH(3)) at their 3' ends. Germline-specific piRNAs and Piwi proteins play a critical role i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tian Y,Simanshu DK,Ma JB,Patel DJ

更新日期：2011-01-18 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the advantages of the production of monoclonal antibodies by tissue culture methods is that they can be internally labeled by using appropriate radioactive amino acid in the culture fluid. Thus, radioactive immunological probes of high specific activity can be prepared. Here we report applications of these inte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cuello AC,Priestley JV,Milstein C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Micrometeorites with diameter approximately 100-200 microm dominate the flux of extraterrestrial matter on Earth. The vast majority of micrometeorites are chemically, mineralogically, and isotopically related to carbonaceous chondrites, which amount to only 2.5% of meteorite falls. Here, we report the discovery of the...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gounelle M,Chaussidon M,Morbidelli A,Barrat JA,Engrand C,Zolensky ME,McKeegan KD

更新日期：2009-04-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The nonlinearity of the Navier-Stokes equations makes predicting the flow of fluid around rapidly moving small bodies highly resistant to all approaches save careful experiments or brute force computation. Here, we show how a linearization of the Navier-Stokes equations captures the drag-determining features of the fl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roper M,Brenner MP

更新日期：2009-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Fungi that cause brown rot of wood are essential biomass recyclers and also the principal agents of decay in wooden structures, but the extracellular mechanisms by which they degrade lignocellulose remain unknown. To test the hypothesis that brown-rot fungi use extracellular free radical oxidants as biodegradative too...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kerem Z,Bao W,Hammel KE

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Expansins are unusual proteins discovered by virtue of their ability to mediate cell wall extension in plants. We identified cDNA clones for two cucumber expansins on the basis of peptide sequences of proteins purified from cucumber hypocotyls. The expansin cDNAs encode related proteins with signal peptides predicted ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shcherban TY,Shi J,Durachko DM,Guiltinan MJ,McQueen-Mason SJ,Shieh M,Cosgrove DJ

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Nitric oxide (NO) is an antiviral effector of the innate immune system. Viruses that can interfere with NO synthesis may be able to replicate more rapidly than viruses that cannot limit NO synthesis. We show that the adenovirus E1A protein inhibits NO production by decreasing expression of the inducible NO synthase (N...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cao W,Bao C,Lowenstein CJ

更新日期：2003-06-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Attention allows animals to respond selectively to competing stimuli, enabling some stimuli to evoke a behavioral response while others are ignored. How the brain does this remains mysterious, although it is increasingly evident that even animals with the smallest brains display this capacity. For example, insects res...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Paulk AC,Stacey JA,Pearson TW,Taylor GJ,Moore RJ,Srinivasan MV,van Swinderen B

更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Staphylococcal protein A (SpA) is anchored to the cell wall envelope of Staphylococcus aureus by sortase A, which links the threonyl (T) of its C-terminal LPXTG motif to peptidoglycan cross-bridges (i.e., Gly5). SpA binds the Fcγ domains of IgG and protects staphylococci from opsonophagocytic clearance. Moreover, SpA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Becker S,Frankel MB,Schneewind O,Missiakas D

更新日期：2014-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Bacteriophage T7 encodes an essential inhibitor of the Escherichia coli host RNA polymerase (RNAP), the product of gene 2 (Gp2). We determined a series of X-ray crystal structures of E. coli RNAP holoenzyme with or without Gp2. The results define the structure and location of the RNAP σ(70) subunit domain 1.1(σ(1.1)(7...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bae B,Davis E,Brown D,Campbell EA,Wigneshweraraj S,Darst SA

更新日期：2013-12-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Retinoblastoma-related (RBR) proteins regulate cell division in higher eukaryotes by controlling the adenovirus E2 promoter binding factor (E2F)/dimerization partner (DP) family of transcription factors that regulate expression of many genes involved in cell-cycle progression. We identified a previously undescribed me...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sabelli PA,Dante RA,Leiva-Neto JT,Jung R,Gordon-Kamm WJ,Larkins BA

更新日期：2005-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The evolution of human languages is driven both by primitive biases present in the human sensorimotor systems and by cultural transmission among speakers. However, whether the design of the language faculty is further shaped by linguistic biological biases remains controversial. To address this question, we used near-...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gómez DM,Berent I,Benavides-Varela S,Bion RA,Cattarossi L,Nespor M,Mehler J

更新日期：2014-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous experiments have demonstrated that the human beta-globin gene is correctly regulated in transgenic mice. The beta-globin gene is not expressed in yolk sac-derived erythroid cells in early embryonic development but is expressed concomitantly with the adult mouse beta-globin genes in 14- to 16-day fetal liver a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Behringer RR,Hammer RE,Brinster RL,Palmiter RD,Townes TM

更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The diabetogenic agent alloxan exerts a preferential cytotoxic effect on the pancreatic B cell. The determinants of such a tissue specificity were investigated. Alloxan accumulated rapidly in liver and pancreatic islets but much more slowly in muscle. The activity of glutathione peroxidase and the resistance to exogen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malaisse WJ,Malaisse-Lagae F,Sener A,Pipeleers DG

更新日期：1982-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report dynamic glycoprotein recognition of gels prepared by biomolecular imprinting using lectin and antibody molecules as ligands for tumor-specific marker glycoproteins. The glycoprotein-imprinted gels prepared with minute amounts of cross-linkers could dynamically recognize tumor-specific marker glycoproteins by...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Miyata T,Jige M,Nakaminami T,Uragami T

更新日期：2006-01-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Antimicrobial peptides are postulated to disrupt microbial phospholipid membranes. The prevailing molecular model is based on the formation of stable or transient pores although the direct observation of the fundamental processes is lacking. By combining rational peptide design with topographical (atomic force microsc...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rakowska PD,Jiang H,Ray S,Pyne A,Lamarre B,Carr M,Judge PJ,Ravi J,Gerling UI,Koksch B,Martyna GJ,Hoogenboom BW,Watts A,Crain J,Grovenor CR,Ryadnov MG

更新日期：2013-05-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The density of benzodiazepine/gamma-aminobutyric acid receptor binding sites was lower in the midbrain of seizure-susceptible gerbils compared to control seizure-resistant gerbils. Binding of [3H]diazepam to high-affinity brain-specific sites in membrane homogenates of gerbil brain showed a 20-30% lower binding in mid...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Olsen RW,Wamsley JK,McCabe RT,Lee RJ,Lomax P

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vaccinia virus encodes a multisubunit DNA-dependent RNA polymerase (EC 2.7.7.6) that is packaged in the infectious virus particle. This polymerase was found to contain a submolar polypeptide of approximately 85 kDa in addition to the core subunits, which consist of two larger and several smaller polypeptides. The poly...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ahn BY,Moss B

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00