Age-related changes in the cerebral substrates of cognitive procedural learning.

Abstract:

:Cognitive procedural learning occurs in three qualitatively different phases (cognitive, associative, and autonomous). At the beginning of this process, numerous cognitive functions are involved, subtended by distinct brain structures such as the prefrontal and parietal cortex and the cerebellum. As the learning progresses, these cognitive components are gradually replaced by psychomotor abilities, reflected by the increasing involvement of the cerebellum, thalamus, and occipital regions. In elderly subjects, although cognitive studies have revealed a learning effect, performance levels differ during the acquisition of a procedure. The effects of age on the learning of a cognitive procedure have not yet been examined using functional imaging. The aim of this study was therefore to characterize the cerebral substrates involved in the learning of a cognitive procedure, comparing a group of older subjects with young controls. For this purpose, we performed a positron emission tomography activation study using the Tower of Toronto task. A direct comparison of the two groups revealed the involvement of a similar network of brain regions at the beginning of learning (cognitive phase). However, the engagement of frontal and cingulate regions persisted in the older group as learning continued, whereas it ceased in the younger controls. We assume that this additional activation in the older group during the associative and autonomous phases reflected compensatory processes and the fact that some older subjects failed to fully automate the procedure.

journal_name

Hum Brain Mapp

journal_title

Human brain mapping

authors

Hubert V,Beaunieux H,Chételat G,Platel H,Landeau B,Viader F,Desgranges B,Eustache F

doi

10.1002/hbm.20605

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2009-04-01 00:00:00

pages

1374-86

issue

4

eissn

1065-9471

issn

1097-0193

journal_volume

30

pub_type

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