Abstract：
:Bone health is a major lifelong concern in caring for women and girls with Turner syndrome (TS). There is an approximately 25% increase in fracture risk most of which is related to medium or high impact trauma. The long bones, especially of the forearm are predominantly affected. This fact may be due to a selective cortical bone deficiency in TS which is unrelated to hypogonadism. In addition, lack of adequate estrogen replacement can lead to trabecular bone deficiency and increase in vertebral compression fractures after age 45. Evaluation of bone density by dual X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA) is important, however, it should be used judiciously in TS in view of its inherent tendency to underestimate the bone density of people with short stature. Bone size-independent methods, such as QCT or volumetric transformation of DEXA data should be used in individuals shorter than 150 cm. Achieving optimal bone density is of critical importance for fracture prevention in TS, and should be pursued by timely introduction of hormone replacement therapy, adequate dose of estrogens during the young adult life, optimal calcium and vitamin D intake and regular physical exercise. In addition, other measures to prevent fall and trauma should be considered, including optimizing hearing and vision, avoiding contact sports and exercise to improve coordination.
journal_name
Rev Endocr Metab Disordjournal_title
Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disordersauthors
Bakalov VK,Bondy CAdoi
10.1007/s11154-008-9076-2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-06-01 00:00:00pages
145-51issue
2eissn
1389-9155issn
1573-2606journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:An emerging branch of research is examining the linkage between Vitamin D and nonskeletal disorders, including endocrine diseases. In this regard, a still little studied aspect concerns the involvement of vitamin D in adrenal gland disorders. Adrenal gland disorders, which might be theoretically affected by vitamin D ...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
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更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
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更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2014-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
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更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
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更新日期：2013-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9138-0
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2008-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
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pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-06-03 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2010-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-012-9215-7
更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Vitamin D is a key hormone involved in the regulation of calcium/phosphorous balance and recently it has been implicated in the pathogenesis of sub-inflammation, insulin resistance and obesity. The two main forms of vitamin D are cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) and ergocalciferol (Vitamin D2): the active form (1,25-dihyd...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-020-09588-z
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Worldwide prevalence of diabetes mellitus in the adult population is increasing and when explicitly searched within specific groups of patients, as those presenting cardiovascular disease (CVD), dysglycaemia is detected in about three-quarters of the patients. Dysglycaemia alone is a major risk factor for microvascula...
journal_title：Reviews in endocrine & metabolic disorders
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s11154-010-9136-2
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
