Abstract：
:The mammalian inactive X chromosome (Xi) is a model for facultative heterochromatin. Increased DNA compaction for the Xi, and for facultative heterochromatin in general, has long been assumed based on recognition of a distinct Barr body using nucleic-acid staining. This conclusion has been challenged by a report revealing equal volumes occupied by the inactive and active X chromosomes. Here, we use light and electron microscopy to demonstrate in mouse and human fibroblasts a unique Xi ultrastructure, distinct from euchromatin and constitutive heterochromatin, containing tightly packed, heterochromatic fibers/domains with diameters in some cases approaching that of prophase chromatids. Significant space between these packed structures is observed even within condensed regions of the Xi. Serial-section analysis also reveals extensive contacts of the Xi with the nuclear envelope and/or nucleolus, with nuclear envelope association being observed in all cells. Implications of our results for models of Xi gene silencing and chromosome territory organization are discussed.
journal_name
J Cell Scijournal_title
Journal of cell scienceauthors
Rego A,Sinclair PB,Tao W,Kireev I,Belmont ASdoi
10.1242/jcs.026104subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-04-01 00:00:00pages
1119-27issue
Pt 7eissn
0021-9533issn
1477-9137pii
jcs.026104journal_volume
121pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Through serial thin-section analysis of rat mammary epithelial cells, the number of centrioles per cell and their intracellular location were determined. In all developmental stages (e.g. virginal, pregnant, lactation, involution), each epithelial cell contained a single centriole that was located in the apical region...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endothelial cells (ECs) sense shear stress and transduce blood flow information into functional responses that play important roles in vascular homeostasis and pathophysiology. A unique feature of shear-stress-sensing is the involvement of many different types of membrane-bound molecules, including receptors, ion chan...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.119628
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phosphoinositides regulate myriad cellular processes, acting as potent signaling molecules in conserved signaling pathways and as organelle gatekeepers that recruit effector proteins to membranes. Phosphoinositide-generating enzymes have been studied extensively in yeast and cultured cells, yet their roles in animal d...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.129031
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An intriguing question in cell biology is what targets proteins to, and regulates their translocation between, specific cellular locations. Here we report that the polybasic nuclear localization sequence (NLS) required for nuclear entry of the adapter protein and candidate human obesity gene product SH2B1β, also local...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.078949
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Yeast Reb1 and its mammalian ortholog TTF1 are conserved Myb-type DNA-binding proteins that bind to specific sites near the 3'-end of rRNA genes (rDNA). Here, they participate in the termination of transcription driven by RNA polymerase I and block DNA replication forks approaching in the opposite direction. We found ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.070987
更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Intracellular pH has been measured by laser microspectrofluorimetry, using the pH-sensitive dyes SNARF-1, SNARF-calcein and SNARF-1-dextran. By this technique it was possible to accurately determine pH in volumes as small as 0.5 x 0.5 x 1 microns 3. The probes were loaded into the cells either by diffusion of their ac...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Crumbs (Crb) is an evolutionarily conserved transmembrane protein localised to the apical membrane of epithelial cells. Loss or mislocalisation of Crb is often associated with disruption of apicobasal cell polarity. crb mRNA is also apically enriched in epithelial cells, and, as shown here, accumulates in the oocyte o...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.236497
更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00
abstract：:It has been shown previously that whilst the rat type I integral membrane protein TGN38 (ratTGN38) is predominantly localised to the trans-Golgi network this protein does reach the cell surface from where it is internalised and delivered back to the trans-Golgi network. This protein thus provides a suitable tool for t...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To understand the molecular mechanisms underlying sorting of apical and basolateral membrane components in human intestinal epithelial cells, we have cloned the human homolog of rat syntaxin 3 and looked for its subcellular localization. Endogenous human syntaxin 3 was found to be localized at the apical membrane of c...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The COPII coat and the small GTPase Sar1 mediate protein export from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) via specialized domains known as the ER exit sites. The peripheral ER protein Sec16 has been proposed to organize ER exit sites. However, it remains unclear how these molecules drive COPII coat polymerization. Here, we ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.203844
更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Assembly of the nuclear envelope (NE) in telophase is essential for higher eukaryotic cells to re-establish a functional nucleus. Time-lapse, FRAP and FRET analyses in human cells showed that barrier-to-autointegration factor (BAF), a DNA-binding protein, assembled first at the distinct ;core' region of the telophase ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.033597
更新日期：2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In metazoans, cyclin-dependent kinase 7 (CDK7) has essential roles in both the cell-division cycle and transcription, as a CDK-activating kinase (CAK) and as a component of the general transcription factor TFIIH, respectively. Controversy over its double duty has been resolved, but questions remain. First, how does CD...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1242/jcs.02718
更新日期：2005-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have previously demonstrated that the subcellular distribution of the adhesion plaque protein, talin, changes dramatically in human platelets in response to platelet activation (Beckerle et al., J. Cell Biol. 109, 3333-3346, 1989). Talin is uniformly distributed throughout the cytoplasm of resting platelets. Howeve...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Endocytic trafficking is regulated by ubiquitylation (also known as ubiquitination) of cargoes and endocytic machineries. The role of ubiquitylation in lysosomal delivery has been well documented, but its role in the recycling pathway is largely unknown. Here, we report that the ubiquitin (Ub) ligase RFFL regulates ub...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.228007
更新日期：2019-02-07 00:00:00
abstract：:The mitotic spindle has long been recognized to play an essential role in determining the position of the cleavage furrow during cell division, however little is known about the mechanisms involved in this process. One attractive hypothesis is that signals from the spindle may function to induce reorganization of cort...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcription factor IIH (TFIIH) participates in transcription, nucleotide excision repair and the control of the cell cycle. In the present study, we demonstrate that the Dmp52 subunit of TFIIH in Drosophila physically interacts with the fly p53 homologue, Dp53. The depletion of Dmp52 in the wing disc generates chrom...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.122721
更新日期：2013-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:It is becoming clear that mechanical stimuli are crucial factors in regulating the biology of the cell, but the short-term structural response of a cell to mechanical forces remains relatively poorly understood. We mechanically stimulated cells transiently expressing actin-EGFP with controlled forces (0-20 nN) in orde...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.088302
更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Successful implantation requires the synchronization of viable embryonic development with endometrial receptivity. The mechanisms allowing for the initiation of crosstalk between the embryo and the endometrium remain elusive; however, recent studies have revealed that there are alterations in endometrial microRNAs (mi...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.164004
更新日期：2015-02-15 00:00:00
abstract：:CENP-C, one of the few known intrinsic proteins of the human centromere, is thought to play structural as well as regulatory roles crucial to proper chromosome segregation and mitotic progression. To further define the functions of CENP-C throughout the cell cycle we have used the yeast interaction trap to identify pr...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1998-07-30 00:00:00
abstract：:Cofilin has emerged as a key regulator of actin dynamics at the leading edge of motile cells. Through its actin-severing activity, it creates new actin barbed ends for polymerization and also depolymerizes old actin filaments. Its function is tightly regulated in the cell. Spatially, its activity is restricted by othe...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.01631
更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sister chromatid cohesion is essential for proper segregation of the genome in mitosis and meiosis. Central to this process is cohesin, a multi-protein complex conserved from yeast to human. Previous genetic studies in fungi have identified Pds5/BimD/Spo76 as an additional factor implicated in cohesion. Here we descri...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.02355
更新日期：2005-05-15 00:00:00
abstract：:We have explored the biological function of a surface glycoprotein (GP72) of Trypanosoma cruzi by studying a null mutant parasite, generated by targeted gene deletion. GP72 deletion affected parasite morphology in several stages of the life cycle. Insect midgut (epimastigote) forms had a detached flagellum (apomastigo...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1993-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Motile eukaryotic flagella beat through coordinated activity of dynein motor proteins; however, the mechanisms of dynein coordination and regulation are incompletely understood. The inner dynein arm (IDA) f complex (also known as the I1 complex), and the tether and tether head (T/TH) complex are thought to be key regu...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.239855
更新日期：2020-01-23 00:00:00
abstract：:Formins constitute a family of eukaryotic proteins that are considered to function as a cytoskeleton organizer to regulate morphogenesis, cell polarity and cytokinesis. Fhos is a recently identified mammalian formin, which contains the conserved domains FH (formin homology) 1 and FH2 in the middle region and the Dia-a...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.00769
更新日期：2003-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of centromeres in the interphase nuclei of human diploid fibroblasts was analyzed using anti-centromere immunofluorescence and laser scanning confocal microscopoy. The positions of the centromeres were placed within the nuclear chromatin distribution and presented some aspects of the dynamics of nucle...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Junctional adhesion molecules (JAMs) are members of an immunoglobulin subfamily expressed by leukocytes and platelets as well as by epithelial and endothelial cells, in which they localize to cell-cell contacts and are specifically enriched at tight junctions. The recent identification of extracellular ligands and int...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1242/jcs.00930
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Mutations in leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2) are associated with Parkinson’s disease, but the precise physiological function of the protein remains ill-defined. Recently, our group proposed a model in which LRRK2 kinase activity is part of an EndoA phosphorylation cycle that facilitates efficient vesicle formatio...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.158196
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ubiquitinated membrane proteins such as epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) are delivered to early endosomes and then sorted to lysosomes via multivesicular bodies (MVBs) for degradation. The regulatory mechanism underlying formation of intralumenal vesicles en route to generation of MVBs is not fully understood. ...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.229179
更新日期：2019-10-03 00:00:00
abstract：:Meiotic chromosome condensation is a unique process, characterized by dramatic changes in chromosome morphology that are required for the correct progression of pairing, synapsis, recombination and segregation of sister chromatids. We used an antibody that recognizes a ser 10 phosphoepitope on histone H3 to monitor H3...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In plants, many nucleus-encoded proteins are targeted to both mitochondria and plastids, and this process is generally mediated by ambiguous N-terminal targeting sequences that are recognized by receptors on both organelles. In many algae, however, plastids were acquired by secondarily engulfing green or red algae, wh...
journal_title：Journal of cell science
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1242/jcs.116533
更新日期：2012-12-15 00:00:00
