Abstract:
:Influenza A viruses are hosted by numerous avian and mammalian species, which have shaped their evolution into distinct lineages worldwide. The viral genome consists of eight RNA segments that are frequently exchanged between different viruses via a process known as genetic reassortment. A complete genotype nomenclature is essential to describe gene segment reassortment. Specialized bioinformatic tools to analyze reassortment are not available, which hampers progress in understanding its role in host range, virulence and transmissibility of influenza viruses. To meet this need, we have developed a nomenclature to name influenza A genotypes and implemented a web server, FluGenome (http://www.flugenome.org/), for the assignment of lineages and genotypes. FluGenome provides functions for the user to interrogate the database in different modalities and get detailed reports on lineages and genotypes. These features make FluGenome unique in its ability to automatically detect genotype differences attributable to reassortment events in influenza A virus evolution.
journal_name
Nucleic Acids Resjournal_title
Nucleic acids researchauthors
Lu G,Rowley T,Garten R,Donis ROdoi
10.1093/nar/gkm365subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-07-01 00:00:00pages
W275-9issue
Web Server issueeissn
0305-1048issn
1362-4962pii
gkm365journal_volume
35pub_type
杂志文章abstract::We have determined the DNA sequence surrounding the transcription terminator following rpoC, the gene that codes for the beta' subunit of RNA polymerase in E. coli K12. The 2044 bp sequence obtained contains the distal 335 codons of rpoC followed by a 212 bp non-coding region and a second open reading frame (ORFa) of ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/9.24.6827
更新日期:1981-12-21 00:00:00
abstract::The modified nucleoside, 7-(4,5-cis-dihydroxy-1-cyclopenten-3-yl-aminomethyl)-7-deazaguanosine, designated as Q, and its derivative, Q*, were found in tRNA's from various organisms, including several mammalian tissues, other animals such as starfish, lingula and hagfish, and wheat germ. Q isolated from rat liver tRNA ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/2.10.1931
更新日期:1975-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Selenoproteins contain the amino acid selenocysteine which is encoded by a UGA Sec codon. Recoding UGA Sec requires a complex mechanism, comprising the cis-acting SECIS RNA hairpin in the 3'UTR of selenoprotein mRNAs, and trans-acting factors. Among these, the SECIS Binding Protein 2 (SBP2) is central to the mechanism...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp078
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to the recruitment model of transcriptional activation, an activator helps initiate transcription by bringing the RNA polymerase to a specific location on the DNA through interaction with components of the transcriptional machinery. However, it is difficult to isolate and define the activities of specific ac...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp1227
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::SV40 DNA form I is expressed efficiently after its injection into the nuclei of Xenopus laevis oocytes, resulting in the synthesis of RNA and protein products of both viral late and early transcription units. However it was observed that injection of SV40 genes cloned into pBR322 or related plasmids yielded vastly red...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/15.4.1579
更新日期:1987-02-25 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, a cDNA from the hepatitis C virus (HCV) RNA genome has been isolated in the USA from a chronically infected chimpanzee. In order to isolate HCV cDNA derived from human material, RNA was extracted from plasma of a Japanese blood donor implicated in post-transfusion non-A, non-B hepatitis and HCV cDNA was synt...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/17.24.10367
更新日期:1989-12-25 00:00:00
abstract::Differential display of mRNA is a simple, sensitive and powerful method to identify differentially expressed gene fragments. The main drawback of differential display is the lack of reproducibility and the inability to read and compare complex gels. This issue results from employing unoptimized primer combinations and...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/26.3.854
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The 3374 nucleotide sequence of RNA2 from the British PEBV strain SP5 has been determined. The RNA includes three open reading frames flanked by 5' and 3' noncoding regions of 509 and 480 nucleotides. The open reading frames specify coat protein, a 29.6K product homologous to the 29.1K product of TRV(TCM) RNA2 and a 2...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/18.15.4507
更新日期:1990-08-11 00:00:00
abstract::Approximately half of all human transcripts contain at least one upstream translational initiation site that precedes the main coding sequence (CDS) and gives rise to an upstream open reading frame (uORF). We generated uORFdb, publicly available at http://cbdm.mdc-berlin.de/tools/uorfdb, to serve as a comprehensive li...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkt952
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcriptionally non-co-linear (NCL) transcripts can originate from trans-splicing (trans-spliced RNA; 'tsRNA') or cis-backsplicing (circular RNA; 'circRNA'). While numerous circRNAs have been detected in various species, tsRNAs remain largely uninvestigated. Here, we utilize integrative transcriptome sequencing of p...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky032
更新日期:2018-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::Denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE) is based upon the different melting behaviors of DNA molecules in a chemical denaturant gradient according to their sequences. This technique has recently become a widespread tool to detect mutations. The introduction of a GC-clamp enables the detection of most single bas...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/19.12.3331
更新日期:1991-06-25 00:00:00
abstract::Synthesis of a small amount of 42S RNA in addition to the VSV specific mRNA species was observed in a coupled transcription-translation system containing ribonucleoprotein particles from L cell infected with vesicular stomatitis virus and nuclease-treated ribosomal extract obtained from uninfected HeLa cells. Analysis...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/10.20.6341
更新日期:1982-10-25 00:00:00
abstract::LocDB is a manually curated database with experimental annotations for the subcellular localizations of proteins in Homo sapiens (HS, human) and Arabidopsis thaliana (AT, thale cress). Currently, it contains entries for 19,604 UniProt proteins (HS: 13,342; AT: 6262). Each database entry contains the experimentally der...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq927
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Interaction detection methods have led to the discovery of thousands of interactions between proteins, and discerning relevance within large-scale data sets is important to present-day biology. Here, a spectral method derived from graph theory was introduced to uncover hidden topological structures (i.e. quasi-cliques...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkg340
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Error-free lesion bypass and error-prone lesion bypass are important cellular responses to DNA damage during replication, both of which require a DNA polymerase (Pol). To identify lesion bypass DNA polymerases, we have purified human Polkappa encoded by the DINB1 gene and examined its response to damaged DNA templates...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/28.21.4138
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Redefinition of UAG, UAA and UGA to specify a standard amino acid occurs in response to recoding signals present in a minority of mRNAs. This 'read-through' is in competition with termination and is utilized for gene expression. One of the recoding signals known to stimulate read-through is a hexanucleotide sequence o...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/30.9.2011
更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::In vivo and in vitro RNA splicing experiments have demonstrated that the intron splicing machineries are not interchangeable in all organisms. These differences have prevented the efficient in vivo expression of monocot genes containing introns in dicot plants and the in vitro excision of some plant introns in HeLa ce...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/16.14.7159
更新日期:1988-07-25 00:00:00
abstract::The National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) provides a large suite of online resources for biological information and data, including the GenBank® nucleic acid sequence database and the PubMed® database of citations and abstracts published in life science journals. The Entrez system provides search and re...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/nar/gkaa892
更新日期:2021-01-08 00:00:00
abstract::This laboratory has established in previous studies that Pmel 17, a gene expressed specifically in melanocytes, maps near the silver coat color locus (si/si) on mouse chromosome 10. In the current study, we have focused on determining whether or not the si allele carries a mutation in Pmel 17. Pmel 17 cDNA clones, iso...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/23.1.154
更新日期:1995-01-11 00:00:00
abstract::The mammalian transcription factor SRF and the yeast regulatory protein MCM1 contain DNA binding domains that are 70% identical; moreover, both proteins can bind the serum response element in the human c-fos promoter. Here we present an analysis of MCM1 sequence specificity by selection of sites from random sequence o...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/20.13.3297
更新日期:1992-07-11 00:00:00
abstract::A flow-injection (FI) device is combined, through the use of a low-volume (4 microl) flow cell, with an ultrasensitive surface plasmon resonance (SPR) spectrometer equipped with a bi-cell photodiode detector. The application of this novel FI-SPR device for sequence-specific ultratrace analysis of oligodeoxynucleotides...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gnf072
更新日期:2002-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::In this study we describe a novel method to investigate the RNA-RNA interactions between a small RNA and its target that we termed 'RNA walk'. The method is based on UV-induced AMT cross-linking in vivo followed by affinity selection of the hybrid molecules and mapping the intermolecular adducts by RT-PCR or real-time...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp872
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::From a sarkosyl-insoluble outer membrane fraction prepared from the Helicobacter pylori strain ATCC 43504, 19 proteins could be sequenced N-terminally by Edman degradation. Oligonucleotides were deduced and used for screening of a genomic library. From the isolated genes, five code for different members of a H.pylori ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/27.16.3325
更新日期:1999-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mismatch uracil DNA glycosylase (Mug) from Escherichia coli is an initiating enzyme in the base-excision repair pathway. As with other DNA glycosylases, the abasic product is potentially more harmful than the initial lesion. Since Mug is known to bind its product tightly, inhibiting enzyme turnover, understanding how ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkq913
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insertion of microRNA target sequences into the flavivirus genome results in selective tissue-specific attenuation and host-range restriction of live attenuated vaccine viruses. However, previous strategies for miRNA-targeting did not incorporate a mechanism to prevent target elimination under miRNA-mediated selective...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkw061
更新日期:2016-04-20 00:00:00
abstract::The Saccharomyces cerevisiae kinase/adenosine triphosphatase Rio1 regulates rDNA transcription and segregation, pre-rRNA processing and small ribosomal subunit maturation. Other roles are unknown. When overexpressed, human ortholog RIOK1 drives tumor growth and metastasis. Likewise, RIOK1 promotes 40S ribosomal subuni...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gky618
更新日期:2018-09-06 00:00:00
abstract::In silico prediction of transcription factor binding sites (TFBSs) is central to the task of gene regulatory network elucidation. Genomic DNA sequence information provides a basis for these predictions, due to the sequence specificity of TF-binding events. However, DNA sequence alone is an impoverished source of infor...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkn866
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Synthetic oligonucleotides were used to introduce mutations into the lacPUV5 promoter. Four mutations were obtained at positions -13, -14, and -15, with respect to the transcriptional start site. The effects of these mutations were measured in vivo and the results are discussed with respect to the consensus sequence a...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/12.9.4011
更新日期:1984-05-11 00:00:00
abstract::The nucleotide sequences of the 5S rRNAs of the oomycete water molds Saprolegnia ferax and Pythium hydnosporum and of the chytrid water molds Blastocladiella simplex and Phlyctochytrium irregulare were determined by chemical and enzymatic partial degradation of 3' and 5' end-labelled molecules, followed by gel sequenc...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/10.18.5717
更新日期:1982-09-25 00:00:00
abstract::Structured RNA molecules form complex 3D architectures stabilized by multiple interactions involving the nucleotide base, sugar and phosphate moieties. A significant percentage of the bases in structured RNA molecules in the Protein Data Bank (PDB) hydrogen-bond with phosphates of other nucleotides. By extracting and ...
journal_title:Nucleic acids research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/nar/gkp468
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00