A dominant positive and negative selectable gene for use in mammalian cells.

abstract：:The generation of diverse neuronal types and subtypes from multipotent progenitors during development is crucial for assembling functional neural circuits in the adult central nervous system. During mouse retinogenesis, early retinal progenitors give rise to several cell types, including ganglion, amacrine, horizontal...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luo H,Jin K,Xie Z,Qiu F,Li S,Zou M,Cai L,Hozumi K,Shima DT,Xiang M

更新日期：2012-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Sexual arousal is a dynamical, highly coordinated neurophysiological process that is often induced by visual stimuli. Numerous studies have proposed that the cognitive processing stage of responding to sexual stimuli is the first stage, in which sex differences occur, and the divergence between men and women has been ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mitricheva E,Kimura R,Logothetis NK,Noori HR

更新日期：2019-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Biofilms formed by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae (NTHI) are central to the chronicity, recurrence, and resistance to treatment of multiple human respiratory tract diseases including otitis media, chronic rhinosinusitis, and exacerbations of both cystic fibrosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Extracell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jurcisek JA,Brockman KL,Novotny LA,Goodman SD,Bakaletz LO

更新日期：2017-08-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Seven morphologically nontransformed (flat) revertants with reduced tumorigenicity in vivo have been isolated from populations of Kirsten sarcoma virus-transformed NIH 3T3 cells transfected with a cDNA expression library of normal human fibroblasts. Each revertant harbors 1-10 recombinant plasmids per cell and retains...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Noda M,Kitayama H,Matsuzaki T,Sugimoto Y,Okayama H,Bassin RH,Ikawa Y

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mutant strain deficient in RNase T was isolated and used to study the role of this enzyme in Escherichia coli. Strains lacking as much as 70% of RNase T activity, alone or in combination with the absence of other RNases, display normal growth properties. However, in cca strains, which lack tRNA nucleotidyltransferas...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Deutscher MP,Marlor CW,Zaniewski R

更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It has been found that the mutator phenotype of the recA441 and recA730 strains that express the SOS response constitutively is suppressed by pIP1, a high-copy plasmid carrying the dnaQ gene encoding the 3'----5' exonuclease subunit (epsilon) of DNA polymerase III. We have constructed plasmid pIP11, in which the dnaQ ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jonczyk P,Fijalkowska I,Ciesla Z

更新日期：1988-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:T-cell migration into tissue depends on a cascade of rapid and selective adhesive interactions with endothelium. "Triggering" is a step in that cascade required to activate T-cell integrins. Hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) may be a physiologically relevant trigger, since we demonstrate that HGF can induce both adhesion...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Adams DH,Harvath L,Bottaro DP,Interrante R,Catalano G,Tanaka Y,Strain A,Hubscher SG,Shaw S

更新日期：1994-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:We studied the organization of the kappa light chain genes in germ-line (sperm) and somatic (embryo) tissues. We constructed a plasmid containing a DNA insert coding for the kappa chain MOPC 167 and used the Southern blotting technique to determine the organization of kappa variable and constant region genes. In the h...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joho R,Weissman IL,Early P,Cole J,Hood L

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Early members of the dinosaur-pterosaur clade Ornithodira are very rare in the fossil record, obscuring our understanding of the origins of this important group. Here, we describe an early ornithodiran (Kongonaphon kely gen. et sp. nov.) from the Mid-to-Upper Triassic of Madagascar that represents one of the smallest ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kammerer CF,Nesbitt SJ,Flynn JJ,Ranivoharimanana L,Wyss AR

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin provides a classical model of a globular protein, yet how the hormone changes conformation to engage its receptor has long been enigmatic. Interest has focused on the C-terminal B-chain segment, critical for protective self-assembly in β cells and receptor binding at target tissues. Insight may be obtained fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Menting JG,Yang Y,Chan SJ,Phillips NB,Smith BJ,Whittaker J,Wickramasinghe NP,Whittaker LJ,Pandyarajan V,Wan ZL,Yadav SP,Carroll JM,Strokes N,Roberts CT Jr,Ismail-Beigi F,Milewski W,Steiner DF,Chauhan VS,Ward CW,Weis

更新日期：2014-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The nerve growth factor (NGF)-mediated increase in c-fos gene expression in the rat pheochromocytoma PC12 cell line has been investigated. NGF treatment of PC12 cells results in an increased level of c-fos mRNA within 15 min. An approximately 100-fold increase in the level of c-fos mRNA occurs 30-45 min after exposure...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milbrandt J

更新日期：1986-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Examination of old human lenses indicates that low-molecular-weight alpha crystallin is not present in the inner 30-40%, the nucleus, of the lens. The remainder of such lenses, the periphery, contains normal levels of this protein. This finding is in marked contrast to observations in young lenses, where a large quant...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roy D,Spector A

更新日期：1976-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural exposure to prion disease is likely to occur throughout successive challenges, yet most experiments focus on single large doses of infectious material. We analyze the results from an experiment in which rodents were exposed to multiple doses of feed contaminated with the scrapie agent. We formally define hypot...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gravenor MB,Stallard N,Curnow R,McLean AR

更新日期：2003-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendritic spines receive most synaptic inputs in the forebrain. Their morphology, with a spine head isolated from the dendrite by a slender neck, indicates a potential role in isolating inputs. Indeed, biochemical compartmentalization occurs at spine heads because of the diffusional bottleneck created by the spine nec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Araya R,Jiang J,Eisenthal KB,Yuste R

更新日期：2006-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The adrenergic receptors (ARs) (subtypes alpha 1, alpha 2, beta 1, and beta 2) are a prototypic family of guanine nucleotide binding regulatory protein-coupled receptors that mediate the physiological effects of the hormone epinephrine and the neurotransmitter norepinephrine. We have previously assigned the genes for ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yang-Feng TL,Xue FY,Zhong WW,Cotecchia S,Frielle T,Caron MG,Lefkowitz RJ,Francke U

更新日期：1990-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-17-producing CD27(-) γδ cells (γδ(27-) cells) are widely viewed as innate immune cells that make critical contributions to host protection and autoimmunity. However, factors that promote them over IFN-γ-producing γδ(27+) cells are poorly elucidated. Moreover, although human IL-17-producing γδ cells are commonly imp...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michel ML,Pang DJ,Haque SF,Potocnik AJ,Pennington DJ,Hayday AC

更新日期：2012-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of different total enzyme concentrations on the flux through the bacterial phosphoenolpyruvate:carbohydrate phosphotransferase system (PTS) in vitro was determined by measuring PTS-mediated carbohydrate phosphorylation at different dilutions of cell-free extract of Escherichia coli. The dependence of the fl...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rohwer JM,Postma PW,Kholodenko BN,Westerhoff HV

更新日期：1998-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:When the lactose (lac) permease of Escherichia coli is expressed from the lac promoter at relatively low rates, deletion of amino acid residues 2-8 (delta 7) or 2-9 (delta 8) from the hydrophilic N terminus has a relatively minor effect on the ability of the permease to catalyze active lactose transport. Activity is e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bibi E,Stearns SM,Kaback HR

更新日期：1992-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the mouse tumor necrosis factor (TNF) promoter, 5' untranslated region (UTR), and 3' UTR in TNF gene expression has been examined in three nonmacrophage cell lines (HeLa, NIH 3T3, and L-929). The TNF promoter is not macrophage-specific. On the contrary, it constitutively drives reporter gene expression in ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kruys V,Kemmer K,Shakhov A,Jongeneel V,Beutler B

更新日期：1992-01-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Wild-type p53 protein is a growth modulator whose inactivation has been found to be a key event in malignant transformation. Reconstitution of wild-type p53 in the p53-nonproducer, Abelson murine leukemia virus-transformed pre-B-cell line L12 gave rise to stably growing clones. Wild-type p53-producer derived cell line...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Shaulsky G,Goldfinger N,Peled A,Rotter V

更新日期：1991-10-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A general model is proposed for genetic recombination. Its essential new feature is the hypothesis that recombination is initiated by a single-strand (or asymmetric) transfer, which may, after isomerization, become a two-strand (or symmetric) exchange. The likelihood of this transition from asymmetric to symmetric str...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Meselson MS,Radding CM

更新日期：1975-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We previously have shown that proliferating lymphoid cells contain an extractable cytoplasmic protein that is capable of inducing DNA synthesis in isolated quiescent nuclei (activator of DNA replication, ADR). ADR is present in continuously proliferating (transformed) lymphoblastoid cell lines and in mitogen- or inter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gutowski JK,West A,Cohen S

更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The excess proton in water, H(+)(aq), plays a fundamental role in aqueous solution chemistry. Its solution thermodynamic properties are essential to molecular descriptions of that chemistry and for validation of dynamical calculations. Within the quasichemical theory of solutions those thermodynamic properties are con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Asthagiri D,Pratt LR,Kress JD

更新日期：2005-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:Linkage disequilibrium between polymorphisms in a natural population may result from various evolutionary forces, including random genetic drift due to sampling of gametes during reproduction, restricted migration between subpopulations in a subdivided population, or epistatic selection. In this report, we present evi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kirby DA,Muse SV,Stephan W

更新日期：1995-09-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Ocean acidification describes the progressive, global reduction in seawater pH that is currently underway because of the accelerating oceanic uptake of atmospheric CO(2). Acidification is expected to reduce coral reef calcification and increase reef dissolution. Inorganic cementation in reefs describes the precipitati...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Manzello DP,Kleypas JA,Budd DA,Eakin CM,Glynn PW,Langdon C

更新日期：2008-07-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Indirect reciprocity is a mechanism for cooperation based on shared moral systems and individual reputations. It assumes that members of a community routinely observe and assess each other and that they use this information to decide who is good or bad, and who deserves cooperation. When information is transmitted pub...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hilbe C,Schmid L,Tkadlec J,Chatterjee K,Nowak MA

更新日期：2018-11-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The mammalian RNase A superfamily comprises a diverse array of ribonucleolytic proteins that have a variety of biochemical activities and physiological functions. Two rapidly evolving RNases of higher primates are of particular interest as they are major secretory proteins of eosinophilic leukocytes and have been foun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang J,Dyer KD,Rosenberg HF

更新日期：2000-04-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Several tissue culture cell lines that were transformed by a tumor virus have been found to react with an agglutinin, while under identical conditions their untransformed parent cell lines did not agglutinate. Since a short treatment of the parent cell line with low concentrations of proteases exposed the same aggluti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Burger MM

更新日期：1969-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Activating mutations in BRAF are found in 50% of melanomas and although treatment with BRAF inhibitors (BRAFi) is effective, resistance often develops. We now show that recently discovered NRAS isoform 2 is up-regulated in the setting of BRAF inhibitor resistance in melanoma, in both cell lines and patient tumor tissu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duggan MC,Stiff AR,Bainazar M,Regan K,Olaverria Salavaggione GN,Maharry S,Blachly JS,Krischak M,Walker CJ,Latchana N,Tridandapani S,de la Chapelle A,Eisfeld AK,Carson WE 3rd

更新日期：2017-09-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Daytime sleepiness impairs cognitive ability, but recent evidence suggests it is also an important driver of human motivation and behavior. We aimed to investigate the relationship between sleepiness and a behavior strongly associated with better health: social activity. We additionally aimed to investigate whether a ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Holding BC,Sundelin T,Schiller H,Åkerstedt T,Kecklund G,Axelsson J

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00