Aptamers evolved from live cells as effective molecular probes for cancer study.

abstract：:Glucocorticoids play a critical role in control of the cytokine response after immune challenge. Conversely, cytokines modulate glucocorticoid production by the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. To define the potency and mechanism of interleukin-6 (IL-6) for augmentation of adrenal function, we exploited mice defic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bethin KE,Vogt SK,Muglia LJ

更新日期：2000-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For over a century neuroscientists have debated the dynamics by which human cortical language networks allow words to be spoken. Although it is widely accepted that Broca's area in the left inferior frontal gyrus plays an important role in this process, it was not possible, until recently, to detail the timing of its ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Flinker A,Korzeniewska A,Shestyuk AY,Franaszczuk PJ,Dronkers NF,Knight RT,Crone NE

更新日期：2015-03-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Apicomplexan parasites replicate within a protective organelle, called the parasitophorous vacuole (PV). The Toxoplasma gondii PV is filled with a network of tubulated membranes, which are thought to facilitate trafficking of effectors and nutrients. Despite being critical to parasite virulence, there is scant mechani...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Beraki T,Hu X,Broncel M,Young JC,O'Shaughnessy WJ,Borek D,Treeck M,Reese ML

更新日期：2019-03-26 00:00:00

abstract：:The wide diversity of dendritic trees is one of the most striking features of neural circuits. Here we develop a general quantitative theory relating the total length of dendritic wiring to the number of branch points and synapses. We show that optimal wiring predicts a 2/3 power law between these measures. We demonst...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cuntz H,Mathy A,Häusser M

更新日期：2012-07-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Information concerning the dynamics of river meandering is embedded in their planforms. Here, we focus on how bend skewing varies with increasing sinuosity, and how flow direction is embedded in bend skewing. It has often been thought that upstream-skewed bends are dominant within a sufficiently long reach. These bend...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Guo X,Chen D,Parker G

更新日期：2019-11-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Chromosome 14 allelic loss is common in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) and may reflect essential tumor suppressor gene loss in tumorigenesis. An intact chromosome 14 was transferred to an NPC cell line using a microcell-mediated chromosome transfer approach. Microcell hybrids (MCHs) containing intact exogenously trans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cheung AK,Lung HL,Ko JM,Cheng Y,Stanbridge EJ,Zabarovsky ER,Nicholls JM,Chua D,Tsao SW,Guan XY,Lung ML

更新日期：2009-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:A single-nucleotide polymorphism in the human arylamine N-acetyltransferase 2 (Nat2) gene has recently been identified as associated with insulin resistance in humans. To understand the cellular and molecular mechanisms by which alterations in Nat2 activity might cause insulin resistance, we examined murine ortholog N...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Camporez JP,Wang Y,Faarkrog K,Chukijrungroat N,Petersen KF,Shulman GI

更新日期：2017-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Proactive policing, the strategic targeting of people or places to prevent crimes, is a well-studied tactic that is ubiquitous in modern law enforcement. A 2017 National Academies of Sciences report reviewed existing literature, entrenched in deterrence theory, and found evidence that proactive policing strategies can...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Del Toro J,Lloyd T,Buchanan KS,Robins SJ,Bencharit LZ,Smiedt MG,Reddy KS,Pouget ER,Kerrison EM,Goff PA

更新日期：2019-04-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone mineralization is an essential step during the embryonic development of vertebrates, and bone serves vital functions in human physiology. To systematically identify unique gene functions essential for osteogenesis, we performed a forward genetic screen in zebrafish and isolated a mutant, no bone (nob), that does ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huitema LF,Apschner A,Logister I,Spoorendonk KM,Bussmann J,Hammond CL,Schulte-Merker S

更新日期：2012-12-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Adenine-thymine (AT)-rich interactive domain 5a (Arid5a) is an RNA-binding protein found in the cytoplasm and nucleus of normally growing cells. Although Arid5a is known to play an important role in immune regulation, whether and how Arid5a subcellular localization impacts immune regulation has remained unclear. In th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higa M,Oka M,Fujihara Y,Masuda K,Yoneda Y,Kishimoto T

更新日期：2018-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Memory CD8 T cells provide durable protection against diverse intracellular pathogens and can be broadly segregated into distinct circulating and tissue-resident populations. Paradigmatic studies have demonstrated that circulating memory cells can be further divided into effector memory (Tem) and central memory (Tcm) ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Milner JJ,Nguyen H,Omilusik K,Reina-Campos M,Tsai M,Toma C,Delpoux A,Boland BS,Hedrick SM,Chang JT,Goldrath AW

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The gap junctional protein connexin32 is expressed in hepatocytes, exocrine pancreatic cells, Schwann cells, and other cell types. We have inactivated the connexin32 gene by homologous recombination in the mouse genome and have generated homozygous connexin32-deficient mice that were viable and fertile but weighed on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nelles E,Bützler C,Jung D,Temme A,Gabriel HD,Dahl U,Traub O,Stümpel F,Jungermann K,Zielasek J,Toyka KV,Dermietzel R,Willecke K

更新日期：1996-09-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Little is known about how genetic variation and epigenetic marks interact to shape differences in behavior. The foraging (for) gene regulates behavioral differences between the rover and sitter Drosophila melanogaster strains, but the molecular mechanisms through which it does so have remained elusive. We show that th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Anreiter I,Kramer JM,Sokolowski MB

更新日期：2017-11-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Early conformational events during folding of acyl-CoA binding protein (ACBP), an 86-residue alpha-helical protein, were explored by using a continuous-flow mixing apparatus with a dead time of 70 micros to measure changes in intrinsic tryptophan fluorescence and tryptophan-dansyl fluorescence energy transfer. Althoug...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Teilum K,Maki K,Kragelund BB,Poulsen FM,Roder H

更新日期：2002-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Early events in the action of 17-beta-estradiol can be studied in soluble extracts of rat uterus by exposure of the estradiol-receptor protein to a DNA-cellulose matrix. After complexing with [(3)H]estradiol, the 4S receptor protein binds to the DNA, and it can be eluted with buffer of high ionic strength as a more ti...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Yamamoto KR,Alberts BM

更新日期：1972-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanism by which antifreeze proteins (AFPs) irreversibly bind to ice has not yet been resolved. The ice-binding site of an AFP is relatively hydrophobic, but also contains many potential hydrogen bond donors/acceptors. The extent to which hydrogen bonding and the hydrophobic effect contribute to ice binding has ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Garnham CP,Campbell RL,Davies PL

更新日期：2011-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of the endoplasmic reticulum stress-regulated kinase, PERK, in mammary gland function was assessed through generation of a targeted deletion in mammary epithelium. Characterization revealed that PERK is required for functional maturation of milk-secreting mammary epithelial cells. PERK-dependent signaling con...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bobrovnikova-Marjon E,Hatzivassiliou G,Grigoriadou C,Romero M,Cavener DR,Thompson CB,Diehl JA

更新日期：2008-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Initiation of bovine papillomavirus (BPV) DNA synthesis in vivo and in vitro depends on the interaction of the viral initiator protein E1 with the replication origin (ori+ DNA). The viral E2 protein assists this interaction, resulting in a cooperative assembly of both proteins on the replication origin. Using gel mobi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lusky M,Hurwitz J,Seo YS

更新日期：1994-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In eukaryotes, ubiquitination is an important posttranslational process achieved through a cascade of ubiquitin-activating (E1), conjugating (E2), and ligase (E3) enzymes. Many pathogenic bacteria deliver virulence factors into the host cell that function as E3 ligases. How these bacterial "Trojan horses" integrate in...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lin DY,Diao J,Chen J

更新日期：2012-02-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Telomeres are specialized structures located at the ends of linear eukaryotic chromosomes that ensure their complete replication and protect them from fusion and degradation. We report here the characterization of the telomeres of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. We show that the chromosomes terminate in 4-9 kb of...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wicky C,Villeneuve AM,Lauper N,Codourey L,Tobler H,Müller F

更新日期：1996-08-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Perceptual decisions are better when they take uncertainty into account. Uncertainty arises not only from the properties of sensory input but also from cognitive sources, such as different levels of attention. However, it is unknown whether humans appropriately adjust for such cognitive sources of uncertainty during p...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Denison RN,Adler WT,Carrasco M,Ma WJ

更新日期：2018-10-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of BALB/3T3 cells by polyoma virus causes an alteration in the cell surface, characterized by enhanced agglutination of the cells by wheat germ agglutinin or concanavalin A. Infection by the thermosensitive mutant of polyoma, ts-3, causes the cell surface alteration at the permissive temperature, but not at ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eckhart W,Dulbecco R,Burger MM

更新日期：1971-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Goblet-cell hyperplasia is a critical pathological feature in hypersecretory diseases of airways. However, the underlying mechanisms are unknown, and no effective therapy exists. Here we show that stimulation of epidermal growth factor receptors (EGF-R) by its ligands, EGF and transforming growth factor alpha (TGFalph...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takeyama K,Dabbagh K,Lee HM,Agustí C,Lausier JA,Ueki IF,Grattan KM,Nadel JA

更新日期：1999-03-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent functional imaging studies have revealed coactivation in a distributed network of cortical regions that characterizes the resting state, or default mode, of the human brain. Among the brain regions implicated in this network, several, including the posterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobes, have al...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Greicius MD,Srivastava G,Reiss AL,Menon V

更新日期：2004-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Weber's law can be explained either by a compressive scaling of sensory response with stimulus magnitude or by a proportional scaling of response variability. These two mechanisms can be distinguished by asking how quantities are added or subtracted. We trained Rhesus monkeys to associate 26 distinct symbols with 0-25...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Livingstone MS,Pettine WW,Srihasam K,Moore B,Morocz IA,Lee D

更新日期：2014-05-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Reaction networks displaying bistability provide a chemical mechanism for long-term memory storage in cells, as exemplified by many epigenetic switches. These biological systems are not only bistable but switchable, in the sense that they can be flipped from one state to the other by application of specific molecular ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Padirac A,Fujii T,Rondelez Y

更新日期：2012-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Long-range conformational changes in proteins are ubiquitous in biology for the transmission and amplification of signals; such conformational changes can be triggered by small-amplitude, nanosecond protein domain motion. Understanding how conformational changes are initiated requires the characterization of protein d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bu Z,Biehl R,Monkenbusch M,Richter D,Callaway DJ

更新日期：2005-12-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Rev-Erbβ is a nuclear receptor that couples circadian rhythm, metabolism, and inflammation. Heme binding to the protein modulates its function as a repressor, its stability, its ability to bind other proteins, and its activity in gas sensing. Rev-Erbβ binds Fe3+-heme more tightly than Fe2+-heme, suggesting its activit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sarkar A,Carter EL,Harland JB,Speelman AL,Lehnert N,Ragsdale SW

更新日期：2021-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Several significant steps have been completed toward a general method for the site-specific incorporation of unnatural amino acids into proteins in vivo. An "orthogonal" suppressor tRNA was derived from Saccharomyces cerevisiae tRNA2Gln. This yeast orthogonal tRNA is not a substrate in vitro or in vivo for any Escheri...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Liu DR,Schultz PG

更新日期：1999-04-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage gating of hyperpolarization-activated cation (HCN) channels is potentiated by direct binding of cAMP to a cytoplasmic cAMP-sensing domain (CSD). When unliganded, the CSD inhibits hyperpolarization-dependent opening of the HCN channel gate; cAMP binding relieves this autoinhibition so that opening becomes more ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wicks NL,Wong T,Sun J,Madden Z,Young EC

更新日期：2011-01-11 00:00:00