Symbol addition by monkeys provides evidence for normalized quantity coding.

abstract：:Navigation, the ability to reach desired goal locations, is critical for animals and humans. Animal navigation has been studied extensively in birds, insects, and some marine vertebrates and invertebrates, yet we are still far from elucidating the underlying mechanisms in other taxonomic groups, especially mammals. He...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tsoar A,Nathan R,Bartan Y,Vyssotski A,Dell'Omo G,Ulanovsky N

更新日期：2011-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:A scientist may publish tens or hundreds of papers over a career, but these contributions are not evenly spaced in time. Sixty years of studies on career productivity patterns in a variety of fields suggest an intuitive and universal pattern: Productivity tends to rise rapidly to an early peak and then gradually decli...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Way SF,Morgan AC,Clauset A,Larremore DB

更新日期：2017-10-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Histone H3 phosphorylation is a critical step that couples signal transduction pathways to gene regulation. To specifically assess the transcriptional regulatory functions of H3 phosphorylation, we developed an in vivo targeting approach and found that the H3 kinase MSK1 is a direct and potent transcriptional activato...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lau PN,Cheung P

更新日期：2011-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrate primary cilium is a Hedgehog signaling center but the extent of its involvement in other signaling systems is less well understood. This report delineates a mechanism by which fibroblast growth factor (FGF) controls primary cilia. Employing proteomic approaches to characterize proteins associated with the F...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kunova Bosakova M,Nita A,Gregor T,Varecha M,Gudernova I,Fafilek B,Barta T,Basheer N,Abraham SP,Balek L,Tomanova M,Fialova Kucerova J,Bosak J,Potesil D,Zieba J,Song J,Konik P,Park S,Duran I,Zdrahal Z,Smajs D,Jans

更新日期：2019-03-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are well-known accelerants of aging, but, paradoxically, we show that physiological levels of ROS extend life span in pupae of the moth Helicoverpa armigera, resulting in the dormant state of diapause. This developmental switch appears to operate through a variant of the conventional insu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang XS,Wang T,Lin XW,Denlinger DL,Xu WH

更新日期：2017-09-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Natural killer (NK) cells form three functionally distinct populations of effectors: competent cytolytic effectors able to bind and kill target cells and two subsets of nonlytic effectors, one able and the other unable to bind target cells. A flow cytometric method was developed, based on size and two-color fluorescen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lebow LT,Bonavida B

更新日期：1990-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:30S ribosomal proteins from Bacillus stearothermophilus (B. proteins) have been fractionated and characterized with respect to their ability to replace various E. coli 30S proteins (E. proteins) in the E. coli 30S ribosome reconstitution system. The functional counterparts of all the E. proteins, except S1, S6, S9, an...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Higo K,Held W,Kahan L,Nomura M

更新日期：1973-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Molecular dynamics simulations show that the desolvation rates of isotopes of Li(+), K(+), Rb(+), Ca(2+), Sr(2+), and Ba(2+) may have a relatively strong dependence on the metal cation mass. This inference is based on the observation that the exchange rate constant, k(wex), for water molecules in the first hydration s...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hofmann AE,Bourg IC,DePaolo DJ

更新日期：2012-11-13 00:00:00

abstract：:The recent isolation and identification of alpha-N-acetyl forms of the C-Fragment of lipotropin (beta-endorphin, residues 61-91) and the C'-Fragment (residues 61-87) [Smyth, D.G., Massey, D.E., Zakarian, S. & Finnie, M. (1979) Nature (London) 279, 252-254] has led to a study of their distribution in the pituitary and ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zakarian S,Smyth D

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Diarthrodial joints are essential for load bearing and locomotion. Physiologically, articular cartilage sustains millions of cycles of mechanical loading. Chondrocytes, the cells in cartilage, regulate their metabolic activities in response to mechanical loading. Pathological mechanical stress can lead to maladaptive ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lee W,Leddy HA,Chen Y,Lee SH,Zelenski NA,McNulty AL,Wu J,Beicker KN,Coles J,Zauscher S,Grandl J,Sachs F,Guilak F,Liedtke WB

更新日期：2014-11-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Heavy (H) chain binding protein (BiP), which binds to free immunoglobulin H chain of the mu and gamma classes, can be demonstrated in pre-B-cells. It is proposed that the displacement of BiP from H chain by light (L) chain terminates the activity of the enzyme system, L-generase, which catalyzes DNA rearrangement at t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wabl M,Steinberg C

更新日期：1982-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aerobic respiration is a fundamental energy-generating process; however, there is cost associated with living in an oxygen-rich environment, because partially reduced oxygen species can damage cellular components. Organisms evolved enzymes that alleviate this damage and protect the intracellular milieu, most notably t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kaya A,Gerashchenko MV,Seim I,Labarre J,Toledano MB,Gladyshev VN

更新日期：2015-08-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Many of the mutagenic or lethal effects of ionization radiation can be attributed to damage caused to the DNA by low-energy electrons. To gain insight on the parameters affecting this process, we measured the low-energy electron (<2 eV) transmission yield through self-assembled monolayers of short DNA oligomers. The e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ray SG,Daube SS,Naaman R

更新日期：2005-01-04 00:00:00

abstract：:In recent years, a large body of research has demonstrated that judgments and behaviors can propagate from person to person. Phenomena as diverse as political mobilization, health practices, altruism, and emotional states exhibit similar dynamics of social contagion. The precise mechanisms of judgment propagation are ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Moussaïd M,Herzog SM,Kämmer JE,Hertwig R

更新日期：2017-04-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Male infertility, affecting as many as 10% of the adult population, is an extremely prevalent disorder. In most cases, the cause of the condition is unknown, and genetic factors that might affect male fertility, other than some sequences on the Y chromosome, have not been identified. We report here that male mice hete...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Huang LS,Voyiaziakis E,Chen HL,Rubin EM,Gordon JW

更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Leptin is an adipocytokine that plays a key role in the modulation of immune responses and the development and maintenance of inflammation. Circulating levels of leptin are elevated in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients, but it is not clear whether this association can reflect a direct influence of leptin on ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lourenço EV,Liu A,Matarese G,La Cava A

更新日期：2016-09-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Administration of epidermal growth factor (EGF) to neonatal mice resulted in rapid tyrosine phosphorylation of a number of specific substrates in liver, kidney, lung, bladder, skin, and brain as detected by Western blot analysis of tissue homogenates with anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies. In the liver, three prominent ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Donaldson RW,Cohen S

更新日期：1992-09-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoprecipitation of proteins extracted from metabolically labeled human glioblastoma and fibrosarcoma cells with antiserum to platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) showed that these cells express and secrete proteins that are recognized specifically by the antiserum. The molecular masses of immunoprecipitated prote...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pantazis P,Pelicci PG,Dalla-Favera R,Antoniades HN

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Stepwise, synthetic alteration of oxytocin, guided by conformational and enzymological considerations, has led to analogs with specifically modified activity profiles and resistance to enzymatic inactivation. General requirements for the design of peptides with therapeutic value are discussed. ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Walter R,Yamanaka T,Sakakibara S

更新日期：1974-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent evidence indicates there is a role for small membrane vesicles, including exosomes, as vehicles for intercellular communication. Exosomes secreted by most cell types can mediate transfer of proteins, mRNAs, and microRNAs, but their role in the transmission of infectious agents is less established. Recent studie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramakrishnaiah V,Thumann C,Fofana I,Habersetzer F,Pan Q,de Ruiter PE,Willemsen R,Demmers JA,Stalin Raj V,Jenster G,Kwekkeboom J,Tilanus HW,Haagmans BL,Baumert TF,van der Laan LJ

更新日期：2013-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Confined liquid crystals (LC) provide a unique platform for technological applications and for the study of LC properties, such as bulk elasticity, surface anchoring, and topological defects. In this work, lyotropic chromonic liquid crystals (LCLCs) are confined in spherical droplets, and their director configurations...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jeong J,Davidson ZS,Collings PJ,Lubensky TC,Yodh AG

更新日期：2014-02-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Monocytes originate from precursors made in the bone and remain in the circulation for nearly 24 h. Much effort has been done to identify the molecules regulating transendothelial migration of monocytes during inflammatory conditions. In contrast, considerably less is known about the process of constitutive monocyte e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Thomas-Ecker S,Lindecke A,Hatzmann W,Kaltschmidt C,Zänker KS,Dittmar T

更新日期：2007-03-27 00:00:00

abstract：:We provide evidence that citrate anions bridge between mineral platelets in bone and hypothesize that their presence acts to maintain separate platelets with disordered regions between them rather than gradual transformations into larger, more ordered blocks of mineral. To assess this hypothesis, we take as a model fo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Davies E,Müller KH,Wong WC,Pickard CJ,Reid DG,Skepper JN,Duer MJ

更新日期：2014-04-08 00:00:00

abstract：:Helicases are molecular motor enzymes that unwind and translocate nucleic acids. One of the central questions regarding helicase activity is whether the process of coupling ATP hydrolysis to DNA unwinding requires an oligomeric form of the enzyme. We have applied a pre-steady-state kinetics approach to address this qu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nanduri B,Byrd AK,Eoff RL,Tackett AJ,Raney KD

更新日期：2002-11-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic agriculture promotes sustainability compared to conventional agriculture. However, the multifunctional sustainability benefits of organic farms might be mediated by landscape context. Assessing how landscape context affects sustainability may aid in targeting organic production to landscapes that promote high ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith OM,Cohen AL,Reganold JP,Jones MS,Orpet RJ,Taylor JM,Thurman JH,Cornell KA,Olsson RL,Ge Y,Kennedy CM,Crowder DW

更新日期：2020-02-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In the wake of the COVID-19 pandemic many countries implemented containment measures to reduce disease transmission. Studies using digital data sources show that the mobility of individuals was effectively reduced in multiple countries. However, it remains unclear whether these reductions caused deeper structural chan...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schlosser F,Maier BF,Jack O,Hinrichs D,Zachariae A,Brockmann D

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Bone remodeling requires osteoclasts to generate and maintain an acidified resorption compartment between the apical membrane and the bone surface to solubilize hydroxyapatite crystals within the bone matrix. This acidification process requires (i) apical proton secretion by a vacuolar H(+)-ATPase, (ii) actin cytoskel...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Coury F,Zenger S,Stewart AK,Stephens S,Neff L,Tsang K,Shull GE,Alper SL,Baron R,Aliprantis AO

更新日期：2013-02-05 00:00:00

abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) receptor controls a pathway supporting the differentiation and survival of a wide range of neural cell types during development and in adulthood. Cardiotrophin-like cytokine (CLC)-cytokine-like factor 1 (CLF) composite cytokine is a second ligand for the CNTF alpha-component receptor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rousseau F,Gauchat JF,McLeod JG,Chevalier S,Guillet C,Guilhot F,Cognet I,Froger J,Hahn AF,Knappskog PM,Gascan H,Boman H

更新日期：2006-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:Silencing of multiple cancer-related genes is associated with de novo methylation of linked CpG islands. Additionally, bivalent histone modification profiles characterized by the juxtaposition of active and inactive histone marks have been observed in genes that become hypermethylated in cancer. It is unknown how thes...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rodriguez J,Muñoz M,Vives L,Frangou CG,Groudine M,Peinado MA

更新日期：2008-12-16 00:00:00

abstract：:While seeking a new host cell, obligate intracellular parasites, such as the protozoan Toxoplasma gondii, must be able to endure the stress of an extracellular environment. The mechanisms Toxoplasma use to remain viable while deprived of a host cell are not understood. We have previously shown that phosphorylation of ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Joyce BR,Queener SF,Wek RC,Sullivan WJ Jr

更新日期：2010-10-05 00:00:00