Interleukin-6 is an essential, corticotropin-releasing hormone-independent stimulator of the adrenal axis during immune system activation.

abstract：:Massively parallel signature sequencing (MPSS) generates millions of short sequence tags corresponding to transcripts from a single RNA preparation. Most MPSS tags can be unambiguously assigned to genes, thereby generating a comprehensive expression profile of the tissue of origin. From the comparison of MPSS data fro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YT,Scanlan MJ,Venditti CA,Chua R,Theiler G,Stevenson BJ,Iseli C,Gure AO,Vasicek T,Strausberg RL,Jongeneel CV,Old LJ,Simpson AJ

更新日期：2005-05-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Periodicities in the polar/apolar character of the amino acid sequence of a protein can be examined by assigning to each residue a numerical hydrophobicity and searching for periodicity in the resulting one-dimensional function. The strength of each periodic component is the quantity that has been termed the hydrophob...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Eisenberg D,Weiss RM,Terwilliger TC

更新日期：1984-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Immunoaffinity-purified interleukin 2 (IL2) stimulated proliferation of large but not small B cells. Stimulation was observed even when B cells were cultured at very low cell densities (3 X 10(4) per microwell containing 0.2 ml of medium). Addition of small numbers of purified splenic T cells did not enhance the IL2-i...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mond JJ,Thompson C,Finkelman FD,Farrar J,Schaefer M,Robb RJ

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:IL-33, a cytokine of the IL-1 family, is closely associated with type II T cell responses. Here, we report an unexpected proinflammatory role of IL-33 in inflammatory arthritis. IL-33 was expressed in synovial fibroblasts from patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Expression was markedly elevated in vitro by inflam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xu D,Jiang HR,Kewin P,Li Y,Mu R,Fraser AR,Pitman N,Kurowska-Stolarska M,McKenzie AN,McInnes IB,Liew FY

更新日期：2008-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The murine T-cell surface molecules Lyt-2 and L3T4 play a role in the activation of antigen-specific T cells. The currently accepted model for the function of these molecules proposes that Lyt-2 and L3T4 increase the overall avidity of the interaction between the T-cell antigen receptor and antigen in association with...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fazekas de St Groth B,Gallagher PF,Miller JF

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:High-throughput biological data, whether generated as sequencing, transcriptional microarrays, proteomic, or other means, continues to require analytic methods that address its high dimensional aspects. Because the computational part of data analysis ultimately identifies shape characteristics in the organization of d...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Nicolau M,Levine AJ,Carlsson G

更新日期：2011-04-26 00:00:00

abstract：:Surfaces with patterned wettability contrast are important in industrial applications such as heat transfer, water collection, and particle separation. Traditional methods of fabricating such surfaces rely on microfabrication technologies, which are only applicable to certain substrates and are difficult to scale up a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen D,McKinley GH,Cohen RE

更新日期：2016-07-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Dendrite morphogenesis is regulated by neuronal activity or neurotrophins, which may function by activating intrinsic signaling proteins, including Rho family GTPases. Here we report that activity- and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF)-dependent dendritic morphogenesis requires activation of geranylgeranyltrans...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou XP,Wu KY,Liang B,Fu XQ,Luo ZG

更新日期：2008-11-04 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of RNA silencing as an antiviral defense mechanism in fungi was examined by testing the effect of dicer gene disruptions on mycovirus infection of the chestnut blight fungus Cryphonectria parasitica. C. parasitica dicer-like genes dcl-1 and dcl-2 were cloned and shown to share a high level of predicted amino ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Segers GC,Zhang X,Deng F,Sun Q,Nuss DL

更新日期：2007-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:New Zealand black x New Zealand white (NZB/W) F1 mice spontaneously develop an autoimmune syndrome with notable similarities to human systemic lupus erythematosus. Female NZB/WF1 mice produce high titers of antinuclear antibodies and invariably succumb to severe glomerulonephritis by 12 months of age. Although the dev...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang Y,Hu Q,Madri JA,Rollins SA,Chodera A,Matis LA

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:We model experience-dependent plasticity in the cortical representation of whiskers (the barrel cortex) in normal adult rats, and in adult rats that were prenatally exposed to alcohol. Prenatal exposure to alcohol (PAE) caused marked deficits in experience-dependent plasticity in a cortical barrel-column. Cortical pla...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benusková L,Rema V,Armstrong-James M,Ebner FF

更新日期：2001-02-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of oxidation state on the pH dependence of the dissolution of the Fe(4)S(4) clusters of Chromatium vinosum ferredoxin and high-potential iron protein (HIPIP) has been studied. The first-order rate constants (k(obs)) for dissolution of both the Fe(4)S(4)(S-Cys)(4) (2-) and Fe(4)S(4)(S-Cys)(4) (3-) cluster...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Maskiewicz R,Bruice TC

更新日期：1977-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hereditary hemochromatosis (HH) is a common genetic disorder characterized by excess absorption of dietary iron and progressive iron deposition in several tissues, particularly liver. The vast majority of individuals with HH are homozygous for mutations in the HFE gene. Recently a second transferrin receptor (TFR2) wa...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Fleming RE,Ahmann JR,Migas MC,Waheed A,Koeffler HP,Kawabata H,Britton RS,Bacon BR,Sly WS

更新日期：2002-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Rabbit corneas denuded of their endothelium were coated with bovine corneal endothelial cells (from steers) previously maintained in tissue culture for short (20 generations) or prolonged (200 generations) periods. When grafted back into female rabbits, the corneal buttons remained clear and showed no edema. In contra...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gospodarowicz D,Greenburg G,Alvarado J

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The protein dystrophin, normally found on the cytoplasmic surface of skeletal muscle cell membranes, is absent in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy as well as mdx (X-linked muscular dystrophy) mice. Although its primary structure has been determined, the precise functional role of dystrophin remains the subjec...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Petrof BJ,Shrager JB,Stedman HH,Kelly AM,Sweeney HL

更新日期：1993-04-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The capsids of neurotropic herpesviruses have the remarkable ability to move in specific directions within axons. By modulating bidirectional capsid transport to favor either retrograde (minus-end) or anterograde (plus-end) motion, these viruses travel to sensory ganglia or peripheral tissue at specific stages of infe...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Luxton GW,Haverlock S,Coller KE,Antinone SE,Pincetic A,Smith GA

更新日期：2005-04-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Formation and remodeling of the skeleton relies on precise temporal and spatial regulation of genes expressed in cartilage and bone cells. Debilitating diseases of the skeletal system occur when mutations arise that disrupt these intricate genetic regulatory programs. Here, we report that mice bearing parallel null mu...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Jones DC,Schweitzer MN,Wein M,Sigrist K,Takagi T,Ishii S,Glimcher LH

更新日期：2010-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Antibiotic resistance in clinically important bacteria can be mediated by target protection mechanisms, whereby a protein binds to the drug target and protects it from the inhibitory effects of the antibiotic. The most prevalent source of clinical resistance to the antibiotic fusidic acid (FA) is expression of the Fus...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Tomlinson JH,Kalverda AP,Calabrese AN

更新日期：2020-10-13 00:00:00

abstract：:In spite of the diversity of possible biological forms observed in nature, a limited range of morphospace is frequently occupied for a given trait. Several mechanisms have been proposed to explain this bias in the distribution of phenotypes including selection, drift, and developmental constraints. Despite extensive w...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malagón JN,Ahuja A,Sivapatham G,Hung J,Lee J,Muñoz-Gómez SA,Atallah J,Singh RS,Larsen E

更新日期：2014-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:A method is described in which the interference of radiated second-harmonic electric fields generated by a pair of oriented molecules intercalated into double-stranded DNA is controlled and measured. The results show that the relative molecular orientation of the two molecules significantly changes the magnitude of th...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Doughty B,Rao Y,Kazer SW,Kwok SJ,Turro NJ,Eisenthal KB

更新日期：2013-04-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Noncompliance with social distancing during the early stage of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic poses a great challenge to the public health system. These noncompliance behaviors partly reflect people's concerns for the inherent costs of social distancing while discounting its public health benefits. W...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Xie W,Campbell S,Zhang W

更新日期：2020-07-28 00:00:00

abstract：:The nuclear exosome-targeting (NEXT) complex functions as an RNA exosome cofactor and is involved in surveillance and turnover of aberrant transcripts and noncoding RNAs. NEXT is a ternary complex composed of the RNA-binding protein RBM7, the scaffold zinc-knuckle protein ZCCHC8, and the helicase MTR4. While RNA inter...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Puno MR,Lima CD

更新日期：2018-06-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Addition of acetylcholine to growing cultures of mouse neuroblastoma cells induced a 37-fold increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase (EC 3.1.1.7). Morphological changes, consisting of neurite-extensions, were also observed during the logarithmic phase of growth of cells stimulated with acetylcholine....

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Harkins J,Arsenault M,Schlesinger K,Kates J

更新日期：1972-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The all-cis hexose D-allose, fed to hamster fibroblast cultures over 14-20 hr, brings about a striking down-regulation of hexose transport. This down-regulation by allose is inhibited by 2,4-dinitrophenol. By using D-[14C]allose and thin-layer chromatography, two types of products accumulated that have been identified...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ullrey DB,Kalckar HM

更新日期：1991-02-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Cdc10-dependent transcript 1 (Cdt1) is an essential DNA replication protein whose accumulation at the end of the cell cycle promotes the formation of pre-replicative complexes and replication in the next cell cycle. Geminin is thought to be involved in licensing replication by promoting the accumulation of Cdt1 in mit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ballabeni A,Zamponi R,Moore JK,Helin K,Kirschner MW

更新日期：2013-07-23 00:00:00

abstract：:The NOVH protein belongs to the emerging CCN [Connective tissue growth factor (CTGF), Cyr61/Cef10, nephroblastoma overexpressed gene] family of growth regulators sharing a strikingly conserved multimodular organization but exhibiting distinctive functional features. Two members of the family (CYR61 and CTGF) are posit...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Perbal B,Martinerie C,Sainson R,Werner M,He B,Roizman B

更新日期：1999-02-02 00:00:00

abstract：:We have carried out free energy perturbation calculations on DNA double-stranded hexanucleotides. The sequence d(CGCGCG)2 has been "mutated" into d(CGTGCG).d(CGCACG) with the oligonucleotide in the A, B, and Z structural forms, both in vacuo and in aqueous solution. In addition, model free energy calculations have bee...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Dang LX,Pearlman DA,Kollman PA

更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One of the advantages of the production of monoclonal antibodies by tissue culture methods is that they can be internally labeled by using appropriate radioactive amino acid in the culture fluid. Thus, radioactive immunological probes of high specific activity can be prepared. Here we report applications of these inte...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cuello AC,Priestley JV,Milstein C

更新日期：1982-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Gene expression in higher organisms is thought to be regulated by a complex network of transcription factor binding and chromatin modifications, yet the relative importance of these two factors remains a matter of debate. Here, we show that a computational approach allows surprisingly accurate prediction of histone mo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Benveniste D,Sonntag HJ,Sanguinetti G,Sproul D

更新日期：2014-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:We have developed an in vitro transcription system that uses nuclei isolated from Lemna gibba G-3. The in vitro transcripts include sequences homologous to hybridization probes for the small subunit of ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase [3-phospho-D-glycerate carboxy-lyase (dimerizing), EC 4.1.1.39], the light-harv...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Silverthorne J,Tobin EM

更新日期：1984-02-01 00:00:00