Affinity-purified interleukin 2 induces proliferation of large but not small B cells.

abstract：:In many plants, osmotic stress induces a rapid accumulation of proline through de novo synthesis from glutamate. This response is thought to play a pivotal role in osmotic stress tolerance [Kishor, P. B. K., Hong, Z., Miao, G.-H., Hu, C.-A. A. and Verma, D. P. S. (1995) Plant Physiol. 108, 1387-1394]. During recovery ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Verbruggen N,Hua XJ,May M,Van Montagu M

更新日期：1996-08-06 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes the use of laminar flow of liquids in capillary systems to pattern the cell culture substrate, to perform patterned cell deposition, and to pattern the cell culture media. We demonstrate the patterning of the cell culture substrate with different proteins, the patterning of different types of cell...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takayama S,McDonald JC,Ostuni E,Liang MN,Kenis PJ,Ismagilov RF,Whitesides GM

更新日期：1999-05-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Liquid RNA.DNA hybridization with separated strands of adenovirus type 2 DNA revealed that late nuclear RNA can hybridize to about 85% of the 1-strand and 10-15% of the h-strand, whereas late cytoplasmic RNA hybridizes to 65-70% and 25% of the l- and h-strand, respectively. With separated strands from the six EcoRI fr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pettersson U,Philipson L

更新日期：1974-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The in vivo biological activities of IgG antibodies result from their bifunctional nature, in which antigen recognition by the Fab is coupled to the effector and immunomodulatory diversity found in the Fc domain. This diversity, resulting from both amino acid and glycan heterogeneity, is translated into cellular respo...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Smith P,DiLillo DJ,Bournazos S,Li F,Ravetch JV

更新日期：2012-04-17 00:00:00

abstract：:In both Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium there is approximately balanced synthesis of the six catalytic and six regulatory polypeptide chains of the regulatory enzyme aspartate transcarbamoylase (carbamoylphosphate:L-aspartate carbamoyltransferase, EC 2.1.3.2). This control is achieved by the contiguous pyr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pauza CD,Karels MJ,Navre M,Schachman HK

更新日期：1982-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Mutations of inversin cause type II nephronophthisis, an infantile autosomal recessive disease characterized by cystic kidney disease and developmental defects. Inversin regulates Wnt signaling and is required for convergent extension movements during early embryogenesis. We now show that Inversin is essential for Xen...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Lienkamp S,Ganner A,Boehlke C,Schmidt T,Arnold SJ,Schäfer T,Romaker D,Schuler J,Hoff S,Powelske C,Eifler A,Krönig C,Bullerkotte A,Nitschke R,Kuehn EW,Kim E,Burkhardt H,Brox T,Ronneberger O,Gloy J,Walz G

更新日期：2010-11-23 00:00:00

abstract：:We recently showed that culture-derived metacyclic trypomastigotes (CMT), but not epimastigotes (Epi), of the Miranda 88 strain of Trypanosoma cruzi evade lysis by the human alternative complement pathway because of inefficient binding of factor B to complement component C3b on the parasite surface. These results sugg...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Rimoldi MT,Sher A,Heiny S,Lituchy A,Hammer CH,Joiner K

更新日期：1988-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymic microenvironment involves complex cell interactions among different types of epithelial cells, macrophages, tissue histiocytes, and immature and maturing T cells. We describe the isolation of a subset of thymic epithelial cells by selective primary culture followed by cotransfection with a simian virus 40 r...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Mizutani S,Watt SM,Robertson D,Hussein S,Healy LE,Furley AJ,Greaves MF

更新日期：1987-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The infectivity of cloned hepatitis B viral DNA (HBV) has been tested in chimpanzees to identify a fully functional HBV genome and to assess the risk associated with its handling. Only one of two HBV DNA sequence variants tested was shown to be infectious. "Clone purified" virus of predicted nucleotide sequence was pr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Will H,Cattaneo R,Darai G,Deinhardt F,Schellekens H,Schaller H

更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The harvest of wildlife for human consumption is valued at several billion dollars annually and provides an essential source of meat for hundreds of millions of rural people living in poverty. This harvest is also considered among the greatest threats to biodiversity throughout Africa, Asia, and Latin America. Economi...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Brashares JS,Golden CD,Weinbaum KZ,Barrett CB,Okello GV

更新日期：2011-08-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Incorporation and conversion of icosapentaenoic acid (20:5, n - 3) by human polymorphonuclear leukocytes were studied in volunteers (n = 6) ingesting a normal Western diet supplemented with icosapentaenoic acid (approximately equal to 4 g daily). Ingestion of icosapentaenoic acid leads to formation of biologically les...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Strasser T,Fischer S,Weber PC

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are endogenously encoded small noncoding RNAs, derived by processing of short RNA hairpins, that can inhibit the translation of mRNAs bearing partially complementary target sequences. In contrast, small interfering RNAs (siRNAs), which are derived by processing of long double-stranded RNAs and are o...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zeng Y,Yi R,Cullen BR

更新日期：2003-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:The 89-kDa cell surface glycoprotein, P3.58, is detectable on advanced human melanomas in situ but not on benign melanocytes or early melanomas. cDNA cloning of P3.58 from melanoma cells was accomplished by screening a lambda zap expression vector library with monoclonal antibodies produced against the denatured antig...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Johnson JP,Stade BG,Holzmann B,Schwäble W,Riethmüller G

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:DNA sequence complementary to Trypanosoma brucei mRNAs coding for the synthesis of the variant-specific antigens AnTat 1.1 and AnTat 1.8 have been cloned and characterized. These sequences have been used as probes to analyze the corresponding genes in the nuclear DNA. The two genes seem to be represented in several (t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pays E,Van Meirvenne N,Le Ray D,Steinert M

更新日期：1981-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:N-Methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP) produces neuropathological and clinical abnormalities in humans, monkeys, and mice that closely resemble idiopathic parkinsonism. N-Methyl-4-phenylpyridine (MPP+), a metabolite of MPTP formed by monoamine oxidase B, is accumulated into striatal and cerebral cortical ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Javitch JA,D'Amato RJ,Strittmatter SM,Snyder SH

更新日期：1985-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The regulatory photoreceptor phytochrome controls the transcription of its own phy genes in a negative feedback fashion. We have exploited microprojectile-mediated gene transfer to develop a rapid transient expression assay system for the study of DNA sequences involved in the phytochrome-regulated expression of these...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Bruce WB,Christensen AH,Klein T,Fromm M,Quail PH

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The receptor 2B4 belongs to the Ig superfamily and is found on the surface of all murine natural killer (NK) cells as well as T cells displaying non-MHC-restricted cytotoxicity. Previous studies have suggested that 2B4 is an activating molecule because cross-linking of this receptor results in increased cytotoxicity a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schatzle JD,Sheu S,Stepp SE,Mathew PA,Bennett M,Kumar V

更新日期：1999-03-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Diminished Sonic Hedgehog (Shh) signaling is associated with the most common forebrain defect in humans, holoprosencephaly (HPE), which includes cyclopia, a phenotype also seen in mice and other vertebrates with defective Shh signaling. The secreted protein Shh acts as a crucial factor that patterns the ventral forebr...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Roessler E,Du YZ,Mullor JL,Casas E,Allen WP,Gillessen-Kaesbach G,Roeder ER,Ming JE,Ruiz i Altaba A,Muenke M

更新日期：2003-11-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Restricted fetal growth is associated with postnatal mortality and morbidity and may be directly related to alterations in the capacity of the placenta to supply nutrients. We proposed previously that imprinted genes can regulate nutrient supply by the placenta. Here, we tested the hypothesis that the insulin-like gro...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sibley CP,Coan PM,Ferguson-Smith AC,Dean W,Hughes J,Smith P,Reik W,Burton GJ,Fowden AL,Constância M

更新日期：2004-05-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disorder, the most common lethal genetic disease in Caucasians. Respiratory disease is the major cause of morbidity and mortality. Indeed, 95% of CF patients die of respiratory failure. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, an opportunistic pathogen, chronically infects the lungs of ov...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Li JD,Feng W,Gallup M,Kim JH,Gum J,Kim Y,Basbaum C

更新日期：1998-05-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A fragment of the cloned gene for the human myeloma ND epsilon chain, coding for the second, third, and fourth domains of the immunoglobulin, has been coupled to the tryptophan control region of an expression plasmid and subcloned in Escherichia coli. Induction of gene expression results in the synthesis of the expect...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Kenten J,Helm B,Ishizaka T,Cattini P,Gould H

更新日期：1984-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Here we describe two mammalian transcription factors selectively expressed in the central nervous system. Both proteins, neuronal PAS domain protein (NPAS) 1 and NPAS2, are members of the basic helix-loop-helix-PAS family of transcription factors. cDNAs encoding mouse and human forms of NPAS1 and NPAS2 have been isola...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhou YD,Barnard M,Tian H,Li X,Ring HZ,Francke U,Shelton J,Richardson J,Russell DW,McKnight SL

更新日期：1997-01-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Underactivity of the glutamatergic system is an attractive model for the pathophysiology of several major mental illnesses. We previously described a chromosome abnormality disrupting the kainate class ionotropic glutamate receptor gene, GRIK4/KA1, in an individual with schizophrenia and learning disability (mental re...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Pickard BS,Knight HM,Hamilton RS,Soares DC,Walker R,Boyd JK,Machell J,Maclean A,McGhee KA,Condie A,Porteous DJ,St Clair D,Davis I,Blackwood DH,Muir WJ

更新日期：2008-09-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Saccharomyces cerevisiae Hop2 and Mnd1 are abundant meiosisspecific chromosomal proteins, and mutations in the corresponding genes lead to defects in meiotic recombination and in homologous chromosome interactions during mid-prophase. Analysis of various double mutants suggests that HOP2, MND1, and DMC1 act in the sam...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen YK,Leng CH,Olivares H,Lee MH,Chang YC,Kung WM,Ti SC,Lo YH,Wang AH,Chang CS,Bishop DK,Hsueh YP,Wang TF

更新日期：2004-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:An inwardly rectifying, ATP-regulated K+ channel with a distinctive molecular architecture, ROMK1, was recently cloned from rat kidney. Using patch clamp techniques, we have investigated the regulation of ROMK1 with particular emphasis on phosphorylation/dephosphorylation processes. Spontaneous channel rundown occurre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： McNicholas CM,Wang W,Ho K,Hebert SC,Giebisch G

更新日期：1994-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Previous work shows that the adolescent reward system is hyperactive, but this finding may be confounded by differences in how teens value money. To address this, we examined the neural ontogeny of objective value representation. Adolescent and adult participants performed a monetary gambling task in which they chose ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barkley-Levenson E,Galván A

更新日期：2014-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:We have determined the complete primary structure of human hemopexin, a plasma beta-glycoprotein that specifically binds one heme with high affinity and transports it to hepatocytes for salvage of the iron. Human hemopexin (Mr approximately equal to 63,000) consists of a single polypeptide chain containing 439 amino a...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Takahashi N,Takahashi Y,Putnam FW

更新日期：1985-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypothalamic malonyl-CoA has been shown to function in global energy homeostasis by modulating food intake and energy expenditure. Little is known, however, about the regulation of malonyl-CoA concentration in the central nervous system. To address this issue we investigated the response of putative intermediates in t...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wolfgang MJ,Cha SH,Sidhaye A,Chohnan S,Cline G,Shulman GI,Lane MD

更新日期：2007-12-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Insulin binding to insulin receptors, on skin fibroblasts established in culture from an infant with insulin resistance and clinical features of leprechaunism was markedly decreased in comparison with cultures from an age-matched control. By contrast, the binding of epidermal growth factor, a polypeptide growth factor...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Schilling EE,Rechler MM,Grunfeld C,Rosenberg AM

更新日期：1979-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The neu gene is distantly related to the erbB gene and encodes a cell surface protein that appears to function as a growth factor receptor. To study the mechanisms that caused the conversion of the normal neu gene to an oncogenic allele, we have isolated molecular clones of the neu oncogene as well as a clone of the c...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Hung MC,Schechter AL,Chevray PY,Stern DF,Weinberg RA

更新日期：1986-01-01 00:00:00