Progress toward the evolution of an organism with an expanded genetic code.

abstract：:The DNA from tumors of Nicotiana glauca initiated by strains of Agrobacterium rhizogenes was shown to contain sequences that are homologous to the root-inducing (Ri) plasmid of the bacterium. Two independently established tumor lines contained a similar portion of the Ri-plasmid. The Ri-plasmid also hybridized to DNA ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： White FF,Ghidossi G,Gordon MP,Nester EW

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Myosin X (MyoX), encoded by Myo10, is a representative member of the MyTH4-FERM domain-containing myosins, and this family of unconventional myosins shares common functions in promoting formation of filopodia/stereocilia structures in many cell types with unknown mechanisms. Here, we present the structure of the MyoX ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wei Z,Yan J,Lu Q,Pan L,Zhang M

更新日期：2011-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hormones and nutrients often induce genetic programs via signaling pathways that interface with gene-specific activators. Activation of the cAMP pathway, for example, stimulates cellular gene expression by means of the PKA-mediated phosphorylation of cAMP-response element binding protein (CREB) at Ser-133. Here, we us...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang X,Odom DT,Koo SH,Conkright MD,Canettieri G,Best J,Chen H,Jenner R,Herbolsheimer E,Jacobsen E,Kadam S,Ecker JR,Emerson B,Hogenesch JB,Unterman T,Young RA,Montminy M

更新日期：2005-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:We compared folding properties of designed protein Top7 and natural protein S6 by using coarse-grained chain models with a mainly native-centric construct that accounted also for nonnative hydrophobic interactions and desolvation barriers. Top7 and S6 have similar secondary structure elements and are approximately equ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Zhang Z,Chan HS

更新日期：2010-02-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the approach to faulting in continental rocks is critical for identifying processes leading to fracturing in geomaterials and the preparation process of large earthquakes. In situ dynamic X-ray imaging and digital volume correlation analysis of a crystalline rock core, under a constant confining pressure...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Renard F,McBeck J,Kandula N,Cordonnier B,Meakin P,Ben-Zion Y

更新日期：2019-08-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Vertebrae are derived from the sclerotomal moities of the somites. Sclerotomal cells migrate ventrally to surround the notochord, where they form the vertebral body, and dorsolaterally to form the neural arch, which is dorsally closed by the spinous process. Precursor cells of the spinous process as well as superficia...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Monsoro-Burq AH,Bontoux M,Teillet MA,Le Douarin NM

更新日期：1994-10-25 00:00:00

abstract：:Berninamycin is a member of the pyridine-containing thiopeptide class of antibiotics that undergoes massive posttranslational modifications from ribosomally generated preproteins. Berninamycin has a 2-oxazolyl-3-thiazolyl-pyridine core embedded in a 35-atom macrocycle rather than typical trithiazolylpyridine cores emb...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Malcolmson SJ,Young TS,Ruby JG,Skewes-Cox P,Walsh CT

更新日期：2013-05-21 00:00:00

abstract：:The growth of 3T3 and SV101 3T3 cells in a lipid-depleted medium is enhanced by the addition of biotin or some fatty acids. The extent of enhancement depends on the fatty acid(s) supplied. The presence of linoleate is unique, since it induces a morphological alteration in 3T3 cells resulting in a cell similar to an SV...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Horwitz AF,Hatten ME,Burger MM

更新日期：1974-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Infection of newborn rats with Borne disease virus (BDV) results in selective degeneration of granule cell neurons of the dentate gyrus (DG). To study cellular countermechanisms that might prevent this pathology, we screened for rat strains resistant to this BDV-induced neuronal degeneration. To this end, we infected ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wu YJ,Schulz H,Lin CC,Saar K,Patone G,Fischer H,Hübner N,Heimrich B,Schwemmle M

更新日期：2013-01-29 00:00:00

abstract：:A lost navigator must identify its current location and recover its facing direction to restore its bearings. We tested the idea that these two tasks--place recognition and heading retrieval--might be mediated by distinct cognitive systems in mice. Previous work has shown that numerous species, including young childre...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Julian JB,Keinath AT,Muzzio IA,Epstein RA

更新日期：2015-05-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Fanconi anemia (FA) is caused by defects in cellular responses to DNA crosslinking damage and replication stress. Given the constant occurrence of endogenous DNA damage and replication fork stress, it is unclear why complete deletion of FA genes does not have a major impact on cell proliferation and germ-line FA patie...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Wang R,Lenoir WF,Wang C,Su D,McLaughlin M,Hu Q,Shen X,Tian Y,Klages-Mundt N,Lynn E,Wood RD,Chen J,Hart T,Li L

更新日期：2020-12-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Phosphatidylionsitol 4,5-bisphosphate (PIP(2)), a substrate of phospholipase C, has recently been recognized to regulate membrane-associated proteins and act as a signal molecule in phospholipase C-linked Gq-coupled receptor (GqPCR) pathways. However, it is not known whether PIP(2) depletion induced by GqPCRs can act ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cho H,Lee D,Lee SH,Ho WK

更新日期：2005-03-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The mechanisms that are essential for the maintenance of nutrient status in breast milk are unclear. Our data demonstrate that the intestine via hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-2α is an essential regulatory mechanism for maintaining the quality of breast milk. During lactation, intestinal HIF-2α is highly increased, le...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ramakrishnan SK,Anderson ER,Martin A,Centofanti B,Shah YM

更新日期：2015-07-14 00:00:00

abstract：:The alternative splicing of mRNA is a critical process in higher eukaryotes that generates substantial proteomic diversity. Many of the proteins that are essential to this process contain arginine/serine-rich (RS) domains. ZRANB2 is a widely-expressed and highly-conserved RS-domain protein that can regulate alternativ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Loughlin FE,Mansfield RE,Vaz PM,McGrath AP,Setiyaputra S,Gamsjaeger R,Chen ES,Morris BJ,Guss JM,Mackay JP

更新日期：2009-04-07 00:00:00

abstract：:Voltage-dependent potassium channels (Kv) are homotetramers composed of four voltage sensors and one pore domain. Because of high-level structural flexibility, the first mammalian Kv structure, Kv1.2 at 2.9 A, has about 37% molecular mass of the transmembrane portion not resolved. In this study, by applying a novel no...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Chen X,Wang Q,Ni F,Ma J

更新日期：2010-06-22 00:00:00

abstract：:The type 6 secretion system (T6SS) is a nanomachine used by many Gram-negative bacteria, including Vibrio cholerae, to deliver toxic effector proteins into adjacent eukaryotic and bacterial cells. Because the activity of the T6SS is dependent on direct contact between cells, its activity is limited to bacteria growing...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Toska J,Ho BT,Mekalanos JJ

更新日期：2018-07-31 00:00:00

abstract：:The membrane protein complex between the sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+)-ATPase (SERCA) and phospholamban (PLN) controls Ca(2+) transport in cardiomyocytes, thereby modulating cardiac contractility. β-Adrenergic-stimulated phosphorylation of PLN at Ser-16 enhances SERCA activity via an unknown mechanism. Using solid-sta...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Gustavsson M,Verardi R,Mullen DG,Mote KR,Traaseth NJ,Gopinath T,Veglia G

更新日期：2013-10-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Clostridium ljungdahlii is an anaerobic homoacetogen, able to ferment sugars, other organic compounds, or CO(2)/H(2) and synthesis gas (CO/H(2)). The latter feature makes it an interesting microbe for the biotech industry, as important bulk chemicals and proteins can be produced at the expense of CO(2), thus combining...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Köpke M,Held C,Hujer S,Liesegang H,Wiezer A,Wollherr A,Ehrenreich A,Liebl W,Gottschalk G,Dürre P

更新日期：2010-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:P/Q Ca(2+) channel activity is inhibited by G protein-coupled receptor activation. Channel inhibition requires a direct Gbetagamma binding onto the pore-forming subunit, Ca(v)2.1. It is characterized by biophysical changes, including current amplitude reduction, activation kinetic slowing, and an I-V curve shift, whic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Sandoz G,Lopez-Gonzalez I,Grunwald D,Bichet D,Altafaj X,Weiss N,Ronjat M,Dupuis A,De Waard M

更新日期：2004-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:At least two kidney epithelial cell lines, the Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) and the murine inner medullary collecting duct line mIMCD-3, can be induced to form branching tubular structures when cultured with hepatocyte growth factor (HGF) plus serum in collagen I gels. In our studies, whereas MDCK cells remained u...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Barros EJ,Santos OF,Matsumoto K,Nakamura T,Nigam SK

更新日期：1995-05-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Ca(2+) influx through L-type Ca(2+) channels (LTCCs) influences numerous physiological processes ranging from contraction in muscle and memory in neurons to gene expression in many cell types. However, the spatiotemporal organization of functional LTCCs has been nearly impossible to investigate because of methodologic...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Navedo MF,Amberg GC,Votaw VS,Santana LF

更新日期：2005-08-02 00:00:00

abstract：:Chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is associated with the Philadelphia chromosome, which arises by a reciprocal translocation between chromosomes 9 and 22 and harbors the BCR-ABL fusion oncogene. It is unknown whether any other mutations are needed for the chronic phase of the disease. The CML incidence increases as a fun...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Michor F,Iwasa Y,Nowak MA

更新日期：2006-10-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The Pyrococcus furiosus (PF) ornithine carbamoyltransferase (OTCase; EC 2.1.3.3) is an extremely heat-stable enzyme that maintains about 50% of its activity after heat treatment for 60 min at 100 degrees C. To understand the molecular basis of thermostability of this enzyme, we have determined its three-dimensional st...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Villeret V,Clantin B,Tricot C,Legrain C,Roovers M,Stalon V,Glansdorff N,Van Beeumen J

更新日期：1998-03-17 00:00:00

abstract：:The three-dimensional structure of a human monoclonal antibody (Fab), which binds specifically to a major epitope of the transmembrane protein gp41 of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1, has been determined by crystallographic methods to a resolution of 2.7 A. It has been previously determined that this antibody ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： He XM,Rüker F,Casale E,Carter DC

更新日期：1992-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Time courses of 13C labeling from alanine and ethanol in perfused mouse livers have been followed by NMR. The enrichment at specific carbons of glucose, glutamate, glutamine, aspartate, acetate, acetoacetate, beta-hydroxybutyrate, and lactate has been measured. The specific labeling of glutamate in the presence of lab...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Cohen SM,Shulman RG,McLaughlin AC

更新日期：1979-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Arf family GTP-binding proteins are best characterized as regulators of membrane traffic, but recent studies indicate an additional role in cytoskeletal organization. An Arf GTPase-activating protein of the centaurin beta family, ASAP1 (also known as centaurin beta4), binds Arf and two other known regulators of the ac...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Randazzo PA,Andrade J,Miura K,Brown MT,Long YQ,Stauffer S,Roller P,Cooper JA

更新日期：2000-04-11 00:00:00

abstract：:The thymus provides multiple microenvironments that are essential for the development and repertoire selection of T lymphocytes. The thymic cortex induces the generation and positive selection of T lymphocytes, whereas the thymic medulla establishes self-tolerance among the positively selected T lymphocytes. Cortical ...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Ohigashi I,Zuklys S,Sakata M,Mayer CE,Zhanybekova S,Murata S,Tanaka K,Holländer GA,Takahama Y

更新日期：2013-06-11 00:00:00

abstract：:Vascular endothelial dysfunction underlies the genesis and progression of numerous diseases. Although the GATA transcription factor GATA-2 is expressed in endothelial cells and is implicated in coronary heart disease, it has been studied predominantly as a master regulator of hematopoiesis. Because many questions rega...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Linnemann AK,O'Geen H,Keles S,Farnham PJ,Bresnick EH

更新日期：2011-08-16 00:00:00

abstract：:If H denotes the classical Hilbert transform and Hu(x) = v(x), then the functions u(x) and v(x) are the values on the real axis of a pair of conjugate functions, harmonic in the upper half-plane. This note gives a generalization of the above concepts in which the Laplace equation Deltau = 0 is replaced by the Yukawa e...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Duffin RJ

更新日期：1972-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Signal transductions by the dual-function CXCR4 and CCR5 chemokine receptors/HIV type 1 (HIV-1) coreceptors were electrophysiologically monitored in Xenopus laevis oocytes that also coexpressed the viral receptor CD4 and a G protein-coupled inward-rectifying K+ channel (Kir 3.1). Large Kir 3.1-dependent currents gener...

journal_title：Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America

authors： Madani N,Kozak SL,Kavanaugh MP,Kabat D

更新日期：1998-07-07 00:00:00