Reduced mixing generates oscillations and chaos in the oceanic deep chlorophyll maximum.

abstract：:Fresnel lenses allow almost perfect imaging in widely different circumstances, but their focus is perfect only for a single wavelength. Wang et al. have shown how the effective bandpass may be widened for X-ray microscopy by using a compound diffractive/refractive lens near to an absorption edge. A compound lens has a...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Skinner G,Gorenstein P

更新日期：2003-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The detection of electron spins associated with single defects in solids is a critical operation for a range of quantum information and measurement applications under development. So far, it has been accomplished for only two defect centres in crystalline solids: phosphorus dopants in silicon, for which electrical rea...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Yin C,Rancic M,de Boo GG,Stavrias N,McCallum JC,Sellars MJ,Rogge S

更新日期：2013-05-02 00:00:00

abstract：:(S)-2-hydroxypropylphosphonate ((S)-2-HPP) epoxidase (HppE) is a mononuclear non-haem-iron-dependent enzyme responsible for the final step in the biosynthesis of the clinically useful antibiotic fosfomycin. Enzymes of this class typically catalyse oxygenation reactions that proceed via the formation of substrate radic...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chang WC,Dey M,Liu P,Mansoorabadi SO,Moon SJ,Zhao ZK,Drennan CL,Liu HW

更新日期：2013-04-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Galaxies had their most significant impact on the Universe when they assembled their first generations of stars. Energetic photons emitted by young, massive stars in primeval galaxies ionized the intergalactic medium surrounding their host galaxies, cleared sightlines along which the light of the young galaxies could ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lehnert MD,Nesvadba NP,Cuby JG,Swinbank AM,Morris S,Clément B,Evans CJ,Bremer MN,Basa S

更新日期：2010-10-21 00:00:00

abstract：:Although the link between long gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) and supernovae has been established, hitherto there have been no observations of the beginning of a supernova explosion and its intimate link to a GRB. In particular, we do not know how the jet that defines a gamma-ray burst emerges from the star's surface, nor ho...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Campana S,Mangano V,Blustin AJ,Brown P,Burrows DN,Chincarini G,Cummings JR,Cusumano G,Della Valle M,Malesani D,Mészáros P,Nousek JA,Page M,Sakamoto T,Waxman E,Zhang B,Dai ZG,Gehrels N,Immler S,Marshall FE,Mason KO

更新日期：2006-08-31 00:00:00

abstract：:Sea ice and dust flux increased greatly in the Southern Ocean during the last glacial period. Palaeorecords provide contradictory evidence about marine productivity in this region, but beyond one glacial cycle, data were sparse. Here we present continuous chemical proxy data spanning the last eight glacial cycles (740...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Wolff EW,Fischer H,Fundel F,Ruth U,Twarloh B,Littot GC,Mulvaney R,Röthlisberger R,de Angelis M,Boutron CF,Hansson M,Jonsell U,Hutterli MA,Lambert F,Kaufmann P,Stauffer B,Stocker TF,Steffensen JP,Bigler M,Siggaard-An

更新日期：2006-03-23 00:00:00

abstract：:Derivatives of the yeast GCN4 transcription factor containing acidic regions of 35 to 40 amino acids fused directly to the DNA-binding domain are fully functional in vivo. High resolution deletion analysis and proteolytic mapping suggest that the activation region is a repeated structure composed of small units acting...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hope IA,Mahadevan S,Struhl K

更新日期：1988-06-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Bax (Bcl2-associated X protein) is an apoptosis-inducing protein that participates in cell death during normal development and in various diseases. Bax resides in an inactive state in the cytosol of many cells. In response to death stimuli, Bax protein undergoes conformational changes that expose membrane-targeting do...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Guo B,Zhai D,Cabezas E,Welsh K,Nouraini S,Satterthwait AC,Reed JC

更新日期：2003-05-22 00:00:00

abstract：:In vitro studies of muscle mitochondrial metabolism in patients with mitochondrial myopathy have identified a variety of functional defects of the mitochondrial respiratory chain, predominantly affecting complex I (NADH-CoQ reductase) or complex III (ubiquinol-cytochrome c reductase) in adult cases. These two enzymes ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Holt IJ,Harding AE,Morgan-Hughes JA

更新日期：1988-02-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The amplitude and frequency of laser light can be routinely measured and controlled on a femtosecond (10(-15) s) timescale. However, in pulses comprising just a few wave cycles, the amplitude envelope and carrier frequency are not sufficient to characterize and control laser radiation, because evolution of the light f...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Baltuska A,Udem T,Uiberacker M,Hentschel M,Goulielmakis E,Gohle Ch,Holzwarth R,Yakovlev VS,Scrinzi A,Hänsch TW,Krausz F

更新日期：2003-02-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Gravitational lensing is a powerful tool for the study of the distribution of dark matter in the Universe. The cold-dark-matter model of the formation of large-scale structures (that is, clusters of galaxies and even larger assemblies) predicts the existence of quasars gravitationally lensed by concentrations of dark ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Inada N,Oguri M,Pindor B,Hennawi JF,Chiu K,Zheng W,Ichikawa S,Gregg MD,Becker RH,Suto Y,Strauss MA,Turner EL,Keeton CR,Annis J,Castander FJ,Eisenstein DJ,Frieman JA,Fukugita M,Gunn JE,Johnston DE,Kent SM,Nichol

更新日期：2003-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF) promotes the survival of several populations of neurons, including sensory and motor neurons. Although CNTF is abundant in adult sciatic nerve, the mature protein lacks a signal sequence and is not secreted; therefore, it has been proposed to act as a lesion factor. The identificatio...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Curtis R,Adryan KM,Zhu Y,Harkness PJ,Lindsay RM,DiStefano PS

更新日期：1993-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Four-residue beta-turns and larger loop structures represent a significant fraction of globular protein surfaces and play an important role in determining the conformation and specificity of enzyme active sites and antibody-combining sites. Turns are an attractive starting point to develop protein design methods, as t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Hynes TR,Kautz RA,Goodman MA,Gill JF,Fox RO

更新日期：1989-05-04 00:00:00

abstract：:Light absorption by the visual pigment rhodopsin triggers, through G-protein coupling, a cascade of events in the outer segment of the rod cell of the vertebrate retina that results in membrane hyperpolarization and nerve excitation. Rhodopsin, which contains 348 amino acids, has seven helices that cross the disk memb...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Schertler GF,Villa C,Henderson R

更新日期：1993-04-22 00:00:00

abstract：:Observations from cultured cells, animal models and patients raise the possibility that the dependency of tumours on the therapeutic drugs to which they have acquired resistance represents a vulnerability with potential applications in cancer treatment. However, for this drug addiction trait to become of clinical inte...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kong X,Kuilman T,Shahrabi A,Boshuizen J,Kemper K,Song JY,Niessen HWM,Rozeman EA,Geukes Foppen MH,Blank CU,Peeper DS

更新日期：2017-10-12 00:00:00

abstract：:A long-standing problem in managing the behaviour of a collection of solid grains concerns the nature of the grain packing, a property that is typically controlled by how the grains are poured or shaken. Here we show that a systematic and controllable increase in granular packing can be induced by simply raising and t...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chen K,Cole J,Conger C,Draskovic J,Lohr M,Klein K,Scheidemantel T,Schiffer P

更新日期：2006-07-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Overfishing of large-bodied benthic fishes and their subsequent population collapses on the Scotian Shelf of Canada's east coast and elsewhere resulted in restructuring of entire food webs now dominated by planktivorous, forage fish species and macroinvertebrates. Despite the imposition of strict management measures i...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Frank KT,Petrie B,Fisher JA,Leggett WC

更新日期：2011-07-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The generation of a local chromatin topology conducive to transcription is a key step in gene regulation. The yeast SWI/SNF complex is the founding member of a family of ATP-dependent remodelling activities capable of altering chromatin structure both in vitro and in vivo. Despite its importance, the pathway by which ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Whitehouse I,Flaus A,Cairns BR,White MF,Workman JL,Owen-Hughes T

更新日期：1999-08-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Fusion of myeloma cells and B lymphocytes to form hybridomas which produce monoclonal antibodies has been a major advance, but the poor efficiency and randomness of viral or polyethylene glycol fusion techniques generally gives poor yields of specific, high affinity antibodies. High voltage electrical fields with diel...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Lo MM,Tsong TY,Conrad MK,Strittmatter SM,Hester LD,Snyder SH

更新日期：1984-08-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Type II DNA topoisomerases are ubiquitous ATP-dependent enzymes capable of transporting a DNA through a transient double-strand break in a second DNA segment. This enables them to untangle DNA and relax the interwound supercoils (plectonemes) that arise in twisted DNA. In vivo, they are responsible for untangling repl...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Strick TR,Croquette V,Bensimon D

更新日期：2000-04-20 00:00:00

abstract：:The transcription factor NF-kappaB is composed of homodimeric and heterodimeric complexes of Rel/NF-kappaB-family polypeptides, which include Rel-A, c-Rel, Rel-B, NF-kappaB/p50 and NF-kappaB2/p52 . The NF-kappaB1 gene encodes a larger precursor protein, p105, from which p50 is produced constitutively by proteasome-med...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Belich MP,Salmerón A,Johnston LH,Ley SC

更新日期：1999-01-28 00:00:00

abstract：:Cell surface molecules have been implicated in cell interactions which underlie formation of the nervous system. The analysis of the functional properties of such molecules has profited from the combined use of antibodies and cell culture systems. It has been suggested that the interplay between these molecules modula...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Kruse J,Mailhammer R,Wernecke H,Faissner A,Sommer I,Goridis C,Schachner M

更新日期：1984-09-13 00:00:00

abstract：:Dopamine modulates medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) activity to mediate diverse behavioural functions1,2; however, the precise circuit computations remain unknown. One potentially unifying model by which dopamine may underlie a diversity of functions is by modulating the signal-to-noise ratio in subpopulations of mPFC ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Vander Weele CM,Siciliano CA,Matthews GA,Namburi P,Izadmehr EM,Espinel IC,Nieh EH,Schut EHS,Padilla-Coreano N,Burgos-Robles A,Chang CJ,Kimchi EY,Beyeler A,Wichmann R,Wildes CP,Tye KM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Numerous reports have emphasized the need for major changes in the global food system: agriculture must meet the twin challenge of feeding a growing population, with rising demand for meat and high-calorie diets, while simultaneously minimizing its global environmental impacts. Organic farming—a system aimed at produc...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Seufert V,Ramankutty N,Foley JA

更新日期：2012-05-10 00:00:00

abstract：:On the basis of the anti-correlation of their palaeoclimatic proxy for the strength of the East Asian winter monsoon from Lake Huguang Maar, China, with stalagmite records of the strength of the summer monsoon, Yancheva et al. claim that the strengths of the summer and winter monsoons are anti-correlated on a decadal ...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Zhang D,Lu L

更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00

abstract：:A continuous array of overlapping clones covering the entire human chromosome 21q was constructed from human yeast artificial chromosome libraries using sequence-tagged sites as landmarks specifically detected by polymerase chain reaction. The yeast artificial chromosome contiguous unit starts with pericentromeric and...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Chumakov I,Rigault P,Guillou S,Ougen P,Billaut A,Guasconi G,Gervy P,LeGall I,Soularue P,Grinas L

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The engrailed gene product of Drosophila specifies the fate of a subset of cells in each segment. Our studies of engrailed regulation suggest that fate determination is an elaborate, multistep process. At the time in embryogenesis when the engrailed-dependent cell fate is probably determined, four modes of control act...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Heemskerk J,DiNardo S,Kostriken R,O'Farrell PH

更新日期：1991-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The response of the terrestrial carbon cycle to climate change is among the largest uncertainties affecting future climate change projections. The feedback between the terrestrial carbon cycle and climate is partly determined by changes in the turnover time of carbon in land ecosystems, which in turn is an ecosystem p...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Carvalhais N,Forkel M,Khomik M,Bellarby J,Jung M,Migliavacca M,Mu M,Saatchi S,Santoro M,Thurner M,Weber U,Ahrens B,Beer C,Cescatti A,Randerson JT,Reichstein M

更新日期：2014-10-09 00:00:00

abstract：:Activation of the nuclear transcription factor NF-kappaB by inflammatory cytokines requires the successive action of NF-kappaB-inducing kinase (NIK) and an IKB-kinase (IKK) complex composed of IKKalpha and IKKbeta. Here we show that the Akt serine-threonine kinase is involved in the activation of NF-kappaB by tumour n...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Ozes ON,Mayo LD,Gustin JA,Pfeffer SR,Pfeffer LM,Donner DB

更新日期：1999-09-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The exceptionally broad species diversity of vascular plant genera in east Asian temperate forests, compared with their sister taxa in North America, has been attributed to the greater climatic diversity of east Asia, combined with opportunities for allopatric speciation afforded by repeated fragmentation and coalesce...

journal_title：Nature

authors： Harrison SP,Yu G,Takahara H,Prentice IC

更新日期：2001-09-13 00:00:00