Complement activation-related pseudoallergy: a new class of drug-induced acute immune toxicity.

abstract：:Young adult male and female Wistar rats were inhalationally exposed head-only for 1 or 4 h to different anticholinesterase aerosols. The compounds tested were dichlorvos, fenamiphos, methamidophos, parathion, a pyrimidine thiophosphate and the carbamate propoxur. These compounds are direct or indirect inhibitors of ch...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pauluhn J,Machemer L,Kimmerle G

更新日期：1987-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of colchicine-specific Fab fragments is of interest in human poisoning. In the present study, we show the efficacy of Fab fragments in reversing colchicine toxicity in mice. High affinity antibodies (Ka = 2 x 10(10) M-1) against colchicine were raised in goats; Fab fragments were purified by DEAE chromatograph...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sabouraud A,Urtizberea M,Grandgeorge M,Gattel P,Makula ME,Scherrmann JM

更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It is reported that diesel exhaust particles contain more 1-nitropyrene (1-NP) than benzo[a]pyrene (B[a]P), both of which are potent carcinogenic compounds. In this study, we show that 1-NP is more potent in reducing cell viability than B[a]P, pyrene, nitrobenzene, and nitromethane. Aldo-keto reductases (AKRs) are enz...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Su JG,Liao PJ,Huang MC,Chu WC,Lin SC,Chang YJ

更新日期：2008-02-28 00:00:00

abstract：:This study was undertaken to investigate whether treatment with vitamin E (VE) and/or vitamin C (VC) protects rat sperm by inhibiting reactive oxygen species generation induced by lead (Pb) exposure. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were assigned to the following five groups: vitamin-unsupplemented; 150 mg VE/kg chow suppleme...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Hsu PC,Liu MY,Hsu CC,Chen LY,Guo YL

更新日期：1998-07-17 00:00:00

abstract：:Glutathione S-transferases (GSTs) are important as drug metabolizing enzymes mainly in the detoxication process. To assess individual differences in susceptibility to different chemicals, it would be useful to know the activity of specific GST isozymes in individuals. In order to study individual variability, typical ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Takamatsu Y,Inaba T

更新日期：1994-03-11 00:00:00

abstract：:In the current study, we used pathway-specific cDNA arrays to detect the transcriptional signature induced by 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD) in vivo by studying simultaneously the expression profiles of 83 genes involved in apoptosis, cytokine production and angiogenesis. To this end, C57BL/6 mice were inj...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zeytun A,McKallip RJ,Fisher M,Camacho I,Nagarkatti M,Nagarkatti PS

更新日期：2002-09-16 00:00:00

abstract：:Fenvalerate is a widely used synthetic pyrethroid insecticide and is reported to disrupt reproductive function in humans and animals. However, little is known about its influence on follicular development. In this study, rat preantral follicles were primary cultured to investigate the effects of fenvalerate on follicu...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Fei J,Qu JH,Ding XL,Xue K,Lu CC,Chen JF,Song L,Xia YK,Wang SL,Wang XR

更新日期：2010-01-12 00:00:00

abstract：:Chemical carcinogens are generally classified as genotoxic or non-genotoxic. However, weak genotoxicity at high concentrations is sometimes observed and interpretation is often problematic. In addition, certain rodent carcinogens exert their effects at doses associated with cytotoxicity and compensatory hyperplasia ma...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Beddowes EJ,Faux SP,Chipman JK

更新日期：2003-05-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Bisphenol A (BPA) is a commonly used endocrine-disrupting chemical used as a component of polycarbonates plastics that has potential adverse effects on human health. Exposure to BPA during development has been implicated in memory deficits, but the mechanism of action underlying the effect is not fully understood. In ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wang C,Li Z,Han H,Luo G,Zhou B,Wang S,Wang J

更新日期：2016-02-03 00:00:00

abstract：:Oxidative DNA damage is emerging as an biomarker of effect in studies assessing the health risks of occupational chemicals. Trichloroethylene (TCE) and perchloroethylene (PERC) are used in the dry cleaning industry and their metabolism can produce reactive oxygen compounds. The present study examined the potential for...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Toraason M,Clark J,Dankovic D,Mathias P,Skaggs S,Walker C,Werren D

更新日期：1999-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Allyl acetate (AAC), allyl alcohol (AAL), and acrolein (ACR) are used in the manufacture of detergents, plastics, pharmaceuticals, and chemicals and as agricultural agents. A metabolic relationship exists between these chemicals in which allyl acetate is metabolized to allyl alcohol and subsequently to the highly reac...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Auerbach SS,Mahler J,Travlos GS,Irwin RD

更新日期：2008-11-20 00:00:00

abstract：:Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and N-nitrosamines (NNA) are mainly activated by cytochrome P450s, and their associated enzyme activities such as aryl hydrocarbon (benzo(a)pyrene) hydroxylase (AHH), N-nitrosdimethylamine N-demethylase I (NDMA-dI), NADPH-cytochrome C reductase, and detoxified by glutathione S-t...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Sheweita SA,Newairy AA,Mansour HA,Yousef MI

更新日期：2002-05-24 00:00:00

abstract：:Atrazine (ATZ) is used throughout North America to control annual broadleaf weeds and grasses in various crops including; corn, sorghum, and sugar cane. Unfortunately, contamination of surface and ground water has occurred as a result of ATZ's chemical and physical properties, and its widespread use throughout the U.S...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Karrow NA,McCay JA,Brown RD,Musgrove DL,Guo TL,Germolec DR,White KL Jr

更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study evaluated a single intradermal injection model in the guinea pig with subsequent inhalation challenge and serological analysis as a method to predict the potential of chemicals to induce respiratory allergy. Four known respiratory allergens (trimellitic anhydride, diphenyl methane diisocyanate, phthalic anh...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Blaikie L,Morrow T,Wilson AP,Hext P,Hartop PJ,Rattray NJ,Woodcock D,Botham PA

更新日期：1995-01-19 00:00:00

abstract：:Sixteen polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) were screened for their ability to be directly cytotoxic to a cell line from the rainbow trout gill, RTgill-W1. Exposure times of 2 h or less were sufficient for direct cytotoxicity to be detected, which appeared to be caused by a common mechanism, the general perturbati...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Schirmer K,Dixon DG,Greenberg BM,Bols NC

更新日期：1998-05-15 00:00:00

abstract：:The popliteal lymph node assay (PLNA) is being considered as a tool to predict the potential of drugs for inducing systemic autoimmune and hypersensitivity reactions. Despite the use of different technical approaches and the evaluation of over 130 compounds, the sensitivity and specificity of the PLNA are still debata...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ravel G,Christ M,Horand F,Descotes J

更新日期：2004-08-05 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of acute ethanol and acetaldehyde treatment on cell proliferation, cell adhesion capacity, neutral red incorporation into lysosomes, glutathione content, protein sulfhydryl compounds, lipid peroxidation, inner mitochondrial membrane integrity (MTT test), lactate dehydrogenase activity (LDH) and ultrastruct...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Olivares IP,Bucio L,Souza V,Cárabez A,Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC

更新日期：1997-06-27 00:00:00

abstract：:The guinea pig maximization test (GPMT) has been used as a method for the prediction of skin sensitizing potential for over 30 years. Besides hazard identification, risk assessment of sensitizing chemicals requires the assessment of potency. For the determination of potency based on lowest effective dose levels, dose-...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： van Och FM,Vandebriel RJ,Prinsen MK,De Jong WH,Slob W,van Loveren H

更新日期：2001-10-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) is a ligand-activated transcription factor that mediates the biological and toxic effects of 2,3,7,8-tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD), dioxin-like compounds (DLC) as well as some drugs and endogenous tryptophan metabolites. Short-term activation of AhR can lead to hepatocellular s...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Oshida K,Vasani N,Thomas RS,Applegate D,Gonzalez FJ,Aleksunes LM,Klaassen CD,Corton JC

更新日期：2015-10-02 00:00:00

abstract：:The nerve agent tabun inhibits the essential enzyme acetylcholinesterase (AChE) by a rapid phosphoramidation of the catalytic serine residue. Oximes, such as K027 and HLö-7, can reactivate tabun-inhibited human AChE (tabun-hAChE) whereas the activity of their close structural analogue HI-6 is notably low. To investiga...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Artursson E,Akfur C,Hörnberg A,Worek F,Ekström F

更新日期：2009-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:The chlorinated acetic acids, in particular dichloroacetic acid (DCA), are found as chlorine disinfection by-products in finished drinking water supplies. DCA has previously been demonstrated to be a mouse liver carcinogen. Chronic studies are described in which male Fischer (F344) rats were exposed to DCA in their dr...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： DeAngelo AB,Daniel FB,Most BM,Olson GR

更新日期：1996-12-18 00:00:00

abstract：:Following carbon tetrachloride-induced liver injury, hepatotrophic factors are synthesized and released into the serum to facilitate the regeneration of damaged hepatic tissue. We investigated the possibility that immunosuppression could be mediated through induction of a serum factor(s) because in vivo exposure of B6...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Delaney B,Kaminski NE

更新日期：1993-12-15 00:00:00

abstract：:Endocrine disruptors (EDs) are exogenous substances or xenoestrogens natural or synthetic, capable of interacting with different systems and altering their normal hormonal regulation, being the reproductive system one of the most affected. EDs produce their effects not only by acting on nuclear steroid receptors, but ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Ponzo OJ,Silvia C

更新日期：2013-09-06 00:00:00

abstract：:Adverse drug reactions (ADR) are common and many are thought to have a genetic predisposition. There has been a great deal of interest in the role of P450 enzyme gene polymorphisms in the pathogenesis of adverse reactions. The major impact to date of polymorphic P450 expression has been on pre-clinical drug developmen...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Pirmohamed M,Park BK

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ketamine, an anaesthetic agent used in newborns and toddlers, has been shown to induce neurodegeneration and alter adult behavior in mice, when administered during the neonatal period. Mammals have a marked period of rapid brain growth and development (BGS), which is postnatal in mice and rats, spanning the first 3-4 ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Viberg H,Pontén E,Eriksson P,Gordh T,Fredriksson A

更新日期：2008-07-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Rats were injected i.p. with the organophosphate insecticide ABATE and tested over the next 16 days. Animals given 1000 mg/kg showed impaired performance of a previously conditioned avoidance response 6 days after injection but not 2, 8, 10, or 16 days after injection. No behavioral changes were observed in animals gi...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Kurtz PJ,Weeks MH

更新日期：1979-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recently, chimeric mice with humanized liver were established by transplanting human hepatocytes into an urokinase-type plasminogen activator(+/+)/severe combined immunodeficient transgenic mouse line. The replacement with human hepatocytes is more than 80-90% and is higher than any other chimeric mouse reported previ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Katoh M,Tateno C,Yoshizato K,Yokoi T

更新日期：2008-04-03 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of ascorbyl palmitate (ASCP) and free L-ascorbic acid (LAA) on the hepatotoxicity of paracetamol (acetaminophen) and the in vivo covalent binding of reactive paracetamol metabolites to hepatic proteins has been studied in male MF1 mice. The oral administration of [3H(G)]paracetamol (600 mg/kg) resulted in ...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Jonker D,Lee VS,Hargreaves RJ,Lake BG

更新日期：1988-11-30 00:00:00

abstract：:Thimerosal (TH), an ethylmercury complex of thiosalicylic acid has been used as preservative in vaccines. In vitro neurotoxicity of TH at high nM concentrations has been reported. Although a number of toxicological experiments demonstrated high affinity of mercury to thiol groups of the extracellular amino acids and p...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Zieminska E,Toczylowska B,Stafiej A,Lazarewicz JW

更新日期：2010-10-29 00:00:00

abstract：:Because occupational hazards of small-scale industries were severe and the occupational health management lagged behind in Shanghai, we selected some districts as experimental units to explore a model of community management and service for the occupational health in small-scale industries for controlling occupational...

journal_title：Toxicology

authors： Wei L,Shi-Da W

更新日期：2004-05-20 00:00:00