Abstract:
:The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) blockade is currently the best-documented treatment strategy to delay the progression of chronic nephropathies. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (CEIs) or angiotensin II type 1 receptor antagonists (ARBs) should be used in every normotensive and hypertensive patient with chronic proteinuric nephropathy of both diabetic and non-diabetic origin. The therapy should be initiated as early as possible, bearing in mind that the renoprotection is more effective if used before overt proteinuria or a reduction in kidney function is present. The therapy should be offered to all patients, regardless of renal function, as well as to subjects with severely impaired glomerular filtration. CEIs and ARBs should be administered in therapeutic doses as high as possible to achieve maximal possible proteinuria reduction and systemic blood pressure target <130/80 mm Hg, and 125/75 mm Hg in those subjects with renal insufficiency who present with proteinuria above 1 g/24 h. The combined therapy with the concomitant use of CEIs and ARBs should be offered to all patients with proteinuric non-diabetic chronic nephropathies who do not achieve full and persistent remission of proteinuria with CEI or ARB alone. The article reviews an evidence-based approach on the use of RAAS-inhibiting agents in kidney diseases, considers treatment strategies in different clinical situations and discusses some perspectives related to the implementation of the RAAS blockade in renal protection.
journal_name
Kidney Blood Press Resjournal_title
Kidney & blood pressure researchauthors
Tylicki L,Larczynski W,Rutkowski Bdoi
10.1159/000087842keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2005-01-01 00:00:00pages
230-42issue
4eissn
1420-4096issn
1423-0143pii
87842journal_volume
28pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The contribution of preexisting hypercholesterolemia to diabetic nephropathy remains unclear. We assessed the impact of hypercholesterolemia on diabetic nephropathy using a double knockout (DKO) mouse, null for the low-density lipoprotein receptor (LDLRNDASH;/NDASH;) and the apoB mRNA editing catalytic ...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000073942
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated serum uric acid experimentally stimulates renal vasoconstriction and activation of the renin- angiotensin system and consequently modulates erythropoietin (EPO) production. We used a dopamine-induced glomerular filtration response test (DIR) to assess whether elevated uric acid is associated with do...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000330717
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Puumala virus causes nephropathia epidemica (NE), a milder form of hemorrhagic fever with renal syndrome that occurs in Central and Northern Europe. Several studies have sought to identify risk factors for severe NE. However, elevated procalcitonin (PCT) levels have not previously been investigated as a...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000368479
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Vascular accesses (especially polytetrafluoroethylene grafts) with a permanently low flow (Qa <600 ml/min) are prone to thrombosis and thus have short patency. The reason for a permanently low flow is usually medial calcinosis of the inflow artery in diabetics. We retrospectively studied the long-term patenc...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000316702
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitors of type 4 dipeptidyl peptidase (DDP-4) were developed and approved for the oral treatment of type 2 diabetes. Its mode of action is to inhibit the degradation of incretins, such as type 1 glucagon like peptide (GLP-1), and GIP. GLP-1 stimulates glucose-dependent insulin secretion from pancreatic beta-cells ...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000339028
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (NGAL), a widely accepted diagnostic marker of acute renal injury (AKI) may be involved in the development of atherosclerosis. PURPOSE:To assess the prognostic significance of serum and urinary NGAL and serum cystatin C in patients with stable angina undergoing per...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000350155
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The role of COX-2 for renal function during renal development, for physiology and pathophysiology of renal diseases and the side effects of available COX-2 inhibitors, has gained increasing interest. We aimed therefore to review the respective role of renal COX-2. METHODS:Review of relevant recent publ...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000075811
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The oxidative stress-responsive kinase 1 (OSR1) participates in the WNK-(with no K) kinase dependent regulation of renal salt excretion and blood pressure. Little is known, however, about the role of OSR1 in the regulation of further renal transport systems. The present study analyzed the effect of OSR1 on N...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000343405
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have demonstrated that cholesterol variability is an independent predictor of cerebrovascular and cardiovascular events. OBJECTIVE:This study aimed to investigate the association of visit-to-visit variability in total cholesterol (TC) with kidney decline in a Chinese community-based population. MET...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000501367
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A 70-year-old female patient with advanced Shy-Drager syndrome exhibited severe orthostatic hypotension, low serum catecholamine levels, and autonomic dysfunction. She was bedridden despite oral medication with fludrocortisone, etilefrin, dihydroergotamine, L-dopa, yohimbine, and amezinium methyl sulfate. Only intrave...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000025846
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Endothelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EndMT) of glomerular endothelial cells (GEnCs) can induce albuminuria in diabetic nephropathy. Melatonin attenuates diabetic nephropathy, but its role and mechanism in EndMT of GEnCs in diabetic nephropathy remain unknown. METHODS:The effect of melatonin on EndMT ...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000493380
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Progressive renal disease poses an increasing problem for the medical community. Though the causes of end-stage renal failure are multiple, the histologic pictures of chronic renal disease are remarkably similar being characterized by interstitial infiltration, fibrosis, tubular atrophy and dilatation. This similarity...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000025911
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The presence of protein-energy wasting (PEW) among dialysis patients is a crucial risk factor for outcomes. The complicated pathogenesis of PEW makes it difficult to assess and treat. This single-center retrospective study focuses on the association between nutritional markers and the outcomes of contin...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000485926
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Flucloxacillin is an important antimicrobial drug in the treatment of infections with Staphylococcus aureus and therefore is often used in staphylococcal infections. Furthermore, flucloxacillin has a high protein binding rate as for example ceftriaxone or teicoplanin--drugs which have formerly been character...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000070997
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inhibitors of angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) or beta isoforms of protein kinase C (PKC) are nephroprotective in diabetes mellitus. We investigated the influence of streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes mellitus and of treatment with the ACE inhibitor lisinopril (4 mg/kg p.o. twice daily for 4 weeks) on the expres...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000066789
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiovascular (CV) morbidity and mortality is greatly enhanced in patients with chronic kidney disease, compared to the non-renal population. One key element of this high CV burden appears to be arterial stiffness, as an expression of premature vascular aging. Increased arterial stiffness in renal patients may be a c...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000100905
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Serum/Glucocorticoid Regulated Kinase 1 (SGK1) plays a significant role in regulating renal Na(+) reabsorption, K(+) secretion, and blood pressure (BP). This study aimed to assess the association of common genetic variants in the SGK1 gene with BP responses to controlled dietary sodium or potassium inte...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000368518
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In developed countries, the incidence of end-stage renal failure is constantly increasing, and uremia will soon be a disease typically found in mature and elderly adults. Almost invariably, the physical condition of the elderly patient with terminal uremia is extremely poor, and therapeutic approach complex. Frequent ...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000164277
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Cardiovascular disease is one of the main causes of morbidity and mortality in patients with autosomal dominant polycystic kidney disease (ADPKD). Autonomic dysfunction is associated with an increased risk for all cardiovascular events in the general population and can be evaluated with heart rate variabil...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000502419
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Uremic toxins have been shown to promote glomerular hypertrophy. The present study was performed to elucidate the relation between uremic toxins and tubulointerstitial changes. METHODS:Sixty male Sprague-Dawley rats underwent 2/3 nephrectomy (Nx; n = 30) and 4/5 Nx (n = 30). Experiments were initiated 2 wee...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000080935
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the Chronic REnal Disease in Turkey-CREDIT Study, a large populationbased study on 10,748 adults, the prevalence of chronic kidney disease (CKD) and relationship between CKD and other cardiovascular risk factors had been studied. METHODS:This report presents the results of CREDIT study on the prevalence,...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000339025
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin II receptor antagonists have beneficial effects on impaired fibrinolytic activity of hypertensive patients. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of antialdosterone treatment on impaired fibrinolysis of hypertensive patients. METHODS:Fo...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000066348
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since reports of the first data on cytokines in renal diseases about 10 years ago, the field has seen an explosive growth over the last decade. It is now realized that cytokines can be synthesized by many different types of cells, including glomerular cells, upon adequate stimulation and exert a wide range of actions ...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000174088
更新日期:1996-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIM:Our aim was to determine whether altered human β-defensin (HBD), pro-inflammatory cytokines including interleukin (IL)-6 and tumor necrotic factor (TNF)-α could increase the risk of developing and exacerbation of chronic kidney disease (CKD), especially for patients with diabetic nephropathy (DN). METHO...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000355740
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study was to investigate whether the renoprotective effect of angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) following 5/6 renal mass reduction is due in part to the potentiation of kinins. Three groups of rats with 5/6 renal mass reduction were studied during the 14 weeks following surgery. One grou...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000025890
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:This experimental study was designed to investigate protective and therapeutic effects of Dexpanthenol (Dxp), an alcoholic analogue of pantothenic acid, on kidney damage induced by ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats. METHODS:Forty rats were randomly divided into a control group and 4 I/R groups (1 h is...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000343411
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Acute kidney injury (AKI) is a complex kidney disorder that leads to numerous complications, such as elevated nitrogenous wastes, metabolic acidosis, high potassium levels and even death. The pathogenesis of AKI is very complicated, and its causes are commonly categorized as prerenal, intrinsic or postrenal. In the pa...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1159/000450566
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The biological properties of oxidized and non-oxidized PTH are substantially different. Oxidized PTH (oxPTH) loses its PTH receptor-stimulating properties, whereas non-oxidized PTH (n-oxPTH) is a full agonist of the receptor. This was described in more than 20 well published studies in the 1970(s) and 80(s)....
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000350149
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND/AIMS:The kidney plays a critical role in the control of blood pressure and its elevation in salt-induced hypertension. Mitochondrial dysfunction, especially in energy metabolism, has been associated with hypertension. Here, we aimed to investigate mitochondrial function and metabolic features in renal mitoch...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000479846
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Renal dysfunction is a frequent complication in patients suffering from β-thalassemia major (β-TM). The aim of this study was to analyze the renal function and urine metabolomic profile of β-TM patients undergoing transfusions and deferasirox (DFX) therapy, in order to better characterize and shed light on...
journal_title:Kidney & blood pressure research
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1159/000507369
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00